https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/85b931c5af94297e151b77ee5bc94931.pdf?Expires=1790208000&Signature=J%7EmT7D1rdvwFJP8sAzMrYMI-Kr667CZB-CLVjHaS8csOIoXWwPzOQLY2siHQhS4TJgGSTWcGngOYO70qKdTXdQTr-bBrBD7IyqGP0y102MlotilBAnPiSIW3HZPlzXEgiISy0HLCYdwuQ4r3LiwezLTOxReAyDdIOMtefsxi6ePjmoDjXLarGBOi5403B4bq%7E-mEP2Cms22orYUzGsVF85-r7MLITYTb0F%7EWWJkyJyKm%7EdmxTJ9yK1SKhFhhVgJAPaF6snQDOXmmA7EDBjsGvYWtdTd47p8Cw%7EfnefNwkhxYOl1s6RANkchEN0sziUBzG37oYaDg4U0wVtrsoJOtlQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bc48244499466dbeb5accf1477b0c3aa PDF Text Text 12 Andrew Street Salem, Massachusetts 01970 Built by Abiezer Washburn Housewright 1804 Researched and written by David Moffat – November 2017 Historic Salem, Inc. 9 North Street, Salem, MA 01970 978.745.0799 ǁ HistoricSalem.org © 2017 1 of 55 �I- The Area in the Seventeenth Century Andrew Street is one of the most outstanding Federal streets in Salem and by extension the United States. Along its short length, running from the Salem Common towards Collins Cove, there are 14 houses dating between 1802 and 1807. A colleague noted that if you walk down Andrew Street just right, it feels like you’ve stepped back in time to 1805. 1 Salem Common was established as public land early in the settlement of Salem. It was originally a swampy and hilly area used to gather neighborhood cows to drive them to the common pasturage at Salem Neck.2 The eastern end of the Common was largely agricultural land in the seventeenth century. Located just north of the crowded streets of the harbor neighborhood filled with merchants, sailors, and all means of tradesmen, the area around what is now Andrew Street must have been a quieter escape. The shoreline of Collins Cove (then called simply “ye cove” or “ye sea”) had not yet been filled in and smoothed out to create the gentle curve which follows Webb Street today. A public road ran through the farm tracts in 1700 along the eastern shore to the swampland at the top of Ann Bradstreet’s lot, ending about where Andrew Street begins today. The road was about 400 feet long and 24 feet wide according to Rev. William Bentley, and was sold by the town to Gamaliel Hodges in 1722.3 1 Personal Conversation with John Schneider, December 2016, 2 Perley, Sidney. “Salem in 1700. No. 18.” The Essex Antiquarian, Vol. IX. pp. 37-43. Salem: The Essex Antiquarian, 1905. Print. p. 37. 3 Perley (1905) p. 73. 2 of 55 �Thomas Beadle’s Lane ran along the western side of the common, roughly where Washington Square East is today.4 Beadle ran a tavern at the intersection that street and what is now Essex Street, where several of the pre-trial examinations took place during the Salem Witch Trials in 1692.5 The earliest recorded owner of the land at 12 Andrew Street was Rev. John Higginson in 1661. Higginson was the son of Francis Higginson, Salem’s first minister, who died shortly after founding the Salem Church in 1630. The younger Higginson arrived in Salem in 1659 and was ordained as minister in the following year.6 The grant to Higginson reads: “Graunted unto Mr Jno Higginson or Pastor a parcell of Swampy ground lyinge & beinge in the Comon Pen neare Mr Stileman field on the south & mr Jno Gedney & Jno Neale one the North to begine at the upwards west Corner of Mr Stileman’s pasture & Crosse our to Jno Neals field & so Downwards to the sea between those fields above named.” 7 Higginson soon sold the land to Lt. Joseph Gardner, a vintner and son of the Old Planter Thomas Gardner. The Mr. Stileman mentioned in the grant was Elias Stileman, who died in 1663, leaving his estate to his son, Elias Stileman, Jr.8 4 Phillips, James Duncan, Sidney Perley, and William W.K. Freeman. “Part of Salem in 1700.” Map. In Salem in the Seventeenth Century. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1933. 5 Drake, Samuel Adams. Nooks and Corners of the New England Coast. New York: Harper Brothers & Publishers, 1875. Print. p. 223-225. 6 Barz-Snell, Jeffrey. “A ‘Short’ History of the First Church in Salem” First Church in Salem, Unitarian Universalist Website. Written 2015, accessed 11/22/2017. Electronic. http://www.firstchurchinsalem.org/the-long-history/ 7 “Perley, Sidney. “Salem in 1700. No. 19.” The Essex Antiquarian, Vol. IX. pp. 72-86. Salem: The Essex Antiquarian, 1905. Print. p. 82. 8 Ibid. 3 of 55 �In the 1650s, two houses stood to the south of the land, about where Briggs Street is today, belonging to William Gault & Jeremiah Meacham.9 The Ann Bradstreet who owned the land on Shallop Cove was not Ann Dudley Bradstreet, the famous poet, but Simon Bradstreet’s second wife of that name. Ann Gardner Bradstreet was the widow of Lt. Joseph Gardner when she married Bradstreet in 1676.10 Gardner had been killed in December of the year before fighting King Philip’s War in Rhode Island.11 Ann Gardner Bradstreet lived until 1713 and passed the property to Ensign Joseph Andrews in February of 1711.12 II- The Area in the Eighteenth Century In the eighteenth century, Salem Common became almost exclusively a military training ground. It is referred to as the “training field” in 1724, 1754, and 1791. 13 Throughout the century, tanneries and ropewalks were operated along the eastern end of the Common. Ropewalks, such as those used by the ropemaker Thomas Briggs, the namesake of Briggs street, were walkways hundreds of feet long where various ropes could be bound together to make the thick cordage needed for the rigging of ships. The empty land between the Common and the cove, measuring almost 800 feet across, made an ideal site for the ropewalks, which ran roughly west to east. 9 Ibid. 10 Anderson, Robert Charles (1995). The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620–1633. Boston, MA: New England Historic Genealogical Society. Vol. 1, p. 218. 11 Perley (1905), p. 82. 12 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 22:231. 26 Feb 1710/11. 13 Perley (1905), p. 72. 4 of 55 �A map of Salem in 1780, assembled by James Duncan Phillips in 1937 based on the research of Sidney Perley, shows Jonathan Andrew’s tan yard where Andrew Street is today. John Andrews’ tan yard is to the north, just south of Col. Benjamin Pickman’s and Richard Derby’s fields. To the south of Jonathan Andrews’ tan yard is Thomas Briggs house and rope-walk, Joseph Vincent’s house and rope-walk, and down along Essex Street Nathaniel Richardson’s tan yard.14 Joseph Andrews, the son of Robert and Grace Andrews, was born in Boxford in 1657 when the town was still part of Rowley. He became a house carpenter and moved to Salem in 1705. The same year his eighth child, Nathaniel, was born.15 In 1711, Andrews married Hephzibah Porter, born 1678 to yeoman Joseph Porter and Ann Hathorn.16 Joseph Andrews was approved as a retailer by the selectmen of Salem in 1713.17 First Capt. Joseph Andrews, his son Nathaniel, and then his grandson, Jonathan Andrews, operated a tannery on the western side of property, closest to the common.18 Jonathan Andrews was born in 1737 born to Capt. Nathaniel Andrews, a mariner and merchant, and Mary Higginson. Andrews married Mary Gardner in 1760 and died in 1781. Mary Gardner Andrews 14 Phillips (1937), supplemental map, “Map of Salem, About 1780.” 15 Perley, Sidney. The History of Salem, Massachusetts, Vol. III: 1671-1716. Salem, Sidney Perley, 1928. Print, p. 372. 16 Perley, Sidney. The History of Salem, Massachusetts, Vol. II: 1638-1670. Salem, Sidney Perley, 1926. Print, p. 162. 17 Perley (1928), p. 86. 18 Phillips, James Duncan. Salem in the Eighteenth Century. Salem: Essex Institute, 1937. Print, supplemental map. 5 of 55 �died in 1820.19 The John Andrew who built the Andrew-Safford on the other side of the Common in 1819 was Jonathan’s nephew through his brother John, a jeweler and goldsmith. 20 Benjamin Browne, gentleman, married Elizabeth Andrew, the second daughter of Jonathan and Mary, born 1762. 21 In 1774, Jonathan Andrews was one of the signers of an open letter to Governor & General Thomas Gage, printed in the Salem Gazette, which criticized the closing of Boston Harbor and calling for “a happy union with Great-Britain,” and urging “every measure compatible with the dignity and safety of British subjects.”22 When Andrews died in 1781, Browne purchased the tanning business.23 Browne was the son of Deacon William Browne and Mercy White. Benjamin and Elizabeth Browne’s son, Benjamin Frederick Brown, was born February 14, 1793 and later rose to be a prominent citizen of nineteenth-century Salem.2425 19 Perley (1928), p. 373. 20 Perley (1928), p. 374. 21 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 39. 22 Phillips (1937), p. 326. 23 King, Joyce. Historic Salem House History, “19 Andrew Street-7 Milk Street.” 1980. 24 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 121. 25 “Memoir of Benjamin Frederick Browne” Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, Vol. XIII. Salem: The Essex Institute, 1875. Electronic. 6 of 55 �A Mrs. Brown Cordage Factory is shown on the 1851 map of the area, and likely belonged to Lydia Brown, who had a house at 13 Pleasant Street.2627 In 1850, it was operated by Thomas Chisholm, at 12 Pleasant Street and Briggs.28 III- The Creation of Andrew Street, 1802 to 1810 Forrester Street at the southern end of the Common’s eastern side was completed in 1767.29 Webb Street was constructed in 1797. 30 Andrew Street was laid out in 1802, around the same time that the Salem Common was levelled and improved with fencing. 31 Shortly after the street’s creation, Benjamin Browne sold (for $875) a large piece of land to his father, William Browne, on the northern side of the street, stretching 263 feet along Collins Cove, along land of Benjamin Pickering, Esq. to the north, and along Pleasant Street to the west. The frontage of the northern end of Andrew Street was roughly 730 feet.32 The same day, William Browne sold the southern side of Andrew Street to Benjamin Browne for $1,000. The 26 McIntyre, Henry. “Map of the City of Salem, Mass. From an actual survey By H. Mc. Intyre. Cl. Engr.” Map, 1851. Henry McIntyre, Salem, MA. Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, Boston Public Library. http:// www.leventhalmap.org/id/15108 27 Salem Directory, 1851, p. 47. 28 Salem Directory, 1850, p. 52. 29 Perley (1905), p. 37. 30 Perley (1905), p. 73. 31 Perley, Sidney. “Part of Salem, 1700, No. 19.” The Essex Antiquarian, Vol. IX. pp. 72- Salem: The Essex Antiquarian, 1905. Print. pp. 72-73. 32 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 172:86. 29 Sep 1802. 7 of 55 �property on the southern side ran 107 feet along Pleasant Street and 98 feet at Collins Cove was bordered on the south by the land of ropemaker Thomas Briggs.3334 The first lot sold from Benjamin Browne’s new property was to Samuel Masury, Jr, a mariner, on December 17th, 1802.3536 The parcel, described as “a certain lot of Land No. 2” ran eighty feet along Andrew Street and 98 feet on either side. It sold for $240. Masury built a house on the property shortly thereafter, likely the first house built on Andrew Street. This house still stands as number 8 Andrew Street. The next lot sold was that adjacent to Pleasant Street and south of Masury’s lot. It was sold to Mary Roche, widow, on February 10th, 1803 for $300.37 Between 1803 and 1805, Perley Putnam, Sr. had built a house at number 10.38 In November of 1804, Browne sold two further lots. Laommi Coburn, a bricklayer and mason, bought one for $321. The lot was another rectangle measuring 40 feet along the street, bordering the land of Browne, Briggs, and Samuel Henderson.39 Coburn erected a house 22 Andrew Street between 1804 and 1808. 33 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 172:87. 29 Sep 1802. 34 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 156:240. 14 Sep 1793. 35 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 172:88. 17 Dec 1802. 36 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 171:19. 8 Dec 1802. 37 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 171:173. 10 Feb 1803. 38 MACRIS, SAL.2748 “Putnam, Perley House” 39 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 174:221. 22 Nov 1804. 8 of 55 �Henderson, a shipwright, bought for $250 a parcel measuring 35 feet along Andrew Street in 1804.40 Henderson built a house at what is today 20 Andrew Street which is perhaps the third or fourth oldest house on the street. Joseph Phippen, a merchant, bought a lot of land from Browne at the corner of Andrew and Pleasant streets for $1500.41 Washington Square East was referred to as Pleasant Street circa 1800, as what is today Pleasant Street was laid out as a continuance of the former street from the edge of the Common to Bridge Street in 1796.42 John Fairfield, a merchant, bought land on Andrew Street from Benjamin Browne on May 2nd, 1805 for $290. 43 Fairfield built a house as an investment and in July of 1806 sold the house and property for $700 to Thomas Goss, a Spanish-born Salem mariner.44 On May 22nd, 1805, Browne sold a lot to Thomas Paterson, a mariner, with dimensions of 98 feet on the lands of Benjamin Browne and John Fairfield and 70 feet along Andrew Street and Briggs’ land for $631.25. 45 On the same day in November 1805, James Brooks, a housewright, purchased a lot for $360 and Nathan Johnson, a cordwainer, purchased one for $320.4647 Johnson and Levi Macomber, a bricklayer, built a house on the property around 1805, and then in April of 40 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 174:203. 7 Nov 1804. 41 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 176:61. 15 March 1805. 42 Perley (1905), p. 37, p. 73. 43 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 178:123. 2 May 1805. 44 Booth, Robert. Historic Salem House History, “24 Andrew Street.” 1977. p. 2 45 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 176:121. 22 May 1805. 46 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 176:166. 2 Nov 1805. 47 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 177:208. 2 Nov 1805. 9 of 55 �1806, Johnson sold the northern half of the house and some land to Macomber for $400. 48 The following day, he sold the southern half to Abigail Gibaut, a widow. 49 Lois Pulling, a widow, bought a lot for $500 in 1807 for her infant daughter, Mary Robinson Pulling.50 " Figure 1: A rough approximation of lots sold by Benjamin Browne, 1802-1807. William Browne sold a lot of land formerly belonging to Mary Roche, bounded by the land of Samuel Masury to the northeast to tinman William Ropes in 1807.51 48 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 180:214. 28 Apr 1806. 49 King (1980) 50 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 180:248. 12 Aug 1807. 51 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 179:256. 7 January 1807. 10 of 55 �Lemuel Payson bought property from James Brooks and then built a house at number 16-18 Andrew Street in 1808.52 Within the first six years of the street’s existence, houses had been constructed at what are now numbers 6, 7-9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16-18, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, and 24 Andrew Street.53 IV- The Washburns and the Building of 12 Andrew Street, 1804 " Figure 2: An Rough Approximation of Washburn’s lot in 1804. 52 King, Joyce. Historic Salem House History, “16-18 Andrew Street.” 1982. 53 MACRIS, SAL.2750; SAL.2749; SAL.2747; SAL.2746; SAL.2745; SAL.2791; SAL.2743; SAL.2744; SAL. 2774; SAL.2743; SAL.27475; SAL.2742. 11 of 55 �1804 was a fascinating time in Salem’s history. Deep into the Federal period following the Revolution and preceding the devastating Embargo Act of 1807, which greatly damaged Salem shipping interests, captains from Salem set sail for six continents. Salem mariners and cabin boys saw the far off ports of Calcutta, Arkhangelsk, and Leghorn and tasted foods they had never dreamed off. Supercargoes argued over the price of water on Mauritius or the value of a load of hides in Montevideo. In that year, Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on Union Street while his father was off the coast of Java. Nathaniel Bowditch, Rev. William Bentley, and Timothy Pickering were at the height of their careers. Joseph Story and Benjamin William Crowninshield were soon to rise to national prominence. Coming near the end of the year, the defeat of Charles Pickney and his running mate, wealthy Massachusetts-born merchant Rufus King by Thomas Jefferson and George Clinton in the presidential election further soured relations between the Jeffersonians and the Federalists of Salem. Public opinion in Salem revolved around The Salem Register, the Jeffersonian newspaper and The Salem Gazette, the Federalist paper. As a general trend, the Federalists lived in the West End of town where they built Hamilton Hall from 1805 to 1807 and Jeffersonians lived around the Salem Common. In 1804, the northeast boundary of Salem town’s dense development was at the southern side of Pickman Street and the western side of Pleasant Street. A few scattered houses existed on the neck off of Bridge, Lemon, and North Streets, but Bridge Street Neck was largely still agricultural fields. The western end of the town’s development ended at Boston and Flint street, 12 of 55 �where it had since the seventeenth century when the Great Pasture was laid out.54 The population of Salem was 9,457 in 1800, making it the eighth largest city in the United States.55 Roughly 320 buildings built before 1804 still stand in Salem today and about 14 houses built in that year survive.56 New houses (which still stand) were built that year on Carlton Street, Chestnut Street, and Derby Street, among others. 1804 was a landmark year in Salem architecture. Samuel McIntire constructed the Cook-Oliver House at 142 Federal Street, the Gardner-Pingree House at 128 Essex Street, the Clifford Crowninshield House at 74 Washington Square East (on land once belonging to Thomas Beadle), and the Capt. John Hodges House at 12 Chestnut Street.57585960 Also constructed in that year was McIntire’s South Church on Chestnut Street, which stood until it was lost in a fire in 1903. 61 54 Bowditch, Nathaniel. Chart of the harbours of Salem, Marblehead, Beverly and Manchester : from a survey taken in the years 1804, 5 & 6. Map. Nathl. Bowditch ; assisted by Geo. Burchmore & Wm. Ropes 3d., printed 1834. Electronic, from the Digital Collections of the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at Boston Public Library. https:// collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:9s1619634 55 Gibson, Campbell. “Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990.” Population Division, United States Bureau of the Census, 1998. Electronic. https://www.census.gov/library/ working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html#urban 56 Very rough estimate using MACRIS assigned dates to houses with a few corrections. 57 MHC MACRIS, SAL.1571, “142 Federal St.- The Cook-Oliver House.” 58 MHC MACRIS, SAL.2455, “128 Essex St.- The Gardner-Pingree House.” 59 MHC MACRIS, SAL.2680, “174 Washington Sq. E.- The Clifford Crowninshield House.” 60 MHC MACRIS, SAL.1037, “10 Chestnut St.- The Capt. John Hodges House” 61 Cousins, Frank. “South Church from Chestnut Street.” Photograph, date unknown. Salem Public Library Collection. Electronic. https://digitalheritage.noblenet.org/salem/items/show/79 13 of 55 �12 Andrew Street was among the earliest buildings constructed on the street. Benjamin Brown, gentleman, transferred the land to Abiezer Washburn on September 8th, 1804.62 Washburn, a housewright, bought the land for $257. The parcel was described as: a certain piece of land in said Salem situate & bounded as follows, viz. beginning at the corner of Perley Putnam’s land in Andrew Street (so called) running northeasterly on said street forty feet, thence southerly on said Brown the grantor’s land ninety-eight feet to the land of the heirs of the late Tho. Briggs, thence southwesterly on the said Briggs’ heirs land forty feet to said Perley Putnam’s land, thence on said Perley Putnam’s land ninety-eight feet to the first named boundary in Andrew Street. Washburn and his wife, Ruth, constructed the house sometime between September and December 1804. Not much is known about Abiezer Washburn, he does not appear in the Vital Records of Salem and has no other deed transactions in the Essex County Registry of Deeds. He cannot be located in the 1790, 1800, 1810, nor 1830 Censuses. An Abiezer Washburn, private, from Massachusetts died in the Revolutionary War in 1777 and a petition survives from his father, Abraham, asking for his pension in 1790.63 The relation to this Abiezer Washburn is, as yet, undetermined. The house was built in a Federal style and has its gable-end to the street. The house is three bays wide on the street side with minimal fenestration on either the eastern or western sides of the house. The eastern façade only has four windows. The original roof was later levelled and 62 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 174:235. 8 Sep 1804. 63 Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts, 1790-91. Boston: Adams & Nourse, 1790. Chapter 4. 14 of 55 �raised in part of the house, and the original rafters in the upstairs bedroom of Unit 2 reveal the former pitch. The original rafters and tie beam are exposed in the rear ell of the house. The minimal Federal decoration on the interior, including mantles and wainscoting, are consistent with the detailing of the house’s exterior. The scrollwork on the stair ends may be original. It may also have been added by John Clark after 1805. The entrance way features a semi-circular fan-light with a matching blind and two beaded pilasters with a simple crosshead. Many aspects of the houses’ architecture reflect a Greek-Revival sensibility decades before the style became popular. The gable-end arrangement and low-pitched roof are common to the later form, as is the high granite foundation which both 10 and 12 Andrew Street have. The asymmetrical placement of the entry was also uncommon in the Federal period. V- The Clarks, 1805 to 1855 John Clark, a carpenter, bought 12 Andrew Street from Washburn on January 1st, 1805. The deed names “a certain piece of land with the buildings thereon standing” and the property sold for $640 more than double the price Washburn had paid four months earlier. The deed for John Clark’s purchase of the land makes mention of buildings already on the site, implying that it was Washburn and not Clark who constructed 12 Andrew Street. 64 The John Clark who lived at 12 Andrew Street was perhaps the John Clark baptized May 13, 1781 as the child of John and Zillah Clark.65 A John Clark married Sarah “Sally” Cook on September 18th, 1802.66 As son, 64 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 174:235. 1 Jan 1805. 65 Vital Records of Salem, Massachusetts to the End of the Year 1849. Salem: The Essex Institute, 1916. Births, p. 179. 66 Vital Records of Salem, Marriages, p. 214. 15 of 55 �George C. Clark, was born May 17, 1815.67 Other children included David P. Clark, John W. Clark and Samuel C. Clark.68 In the 1830 census, John Clark and his wife are both between the ages of 50 and 60. 69 The Clarks had three sons aged 20 to 30, 1 son aged 15 to 20, and one son aged 10 to 15. 70 John Clark was listed in 1842 and 1846 as a housewright.7172 1846 lists his place of work as Neptune Street. George C. Clark also worked a carpenter. Sarah Clark is listed as 75 years old in the 1850 census, with her grandson, John P. Clark, aged 12. 73 John Clark died by July 1850 and is listed in legal documents as a housewright. He left his pew in St. Peter’s Church to his son, Samuel and the rest of his estate to his wife Sarah, with the provision it be transferred to George C. Clark, Samuel C. Clark, and John P. Clark when Sarah passed.74 Perley Putnam I was one of the administrators of the estate. 67 Vital 68 Records of Salem, Births, p. 159. Essex County Probates, Probate #35349, 1850. p .6. 69 "United States Census, 1830," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:XH5C-L35 : 19 August 2017), John Clark, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing 452A, NARA microfilm publication M19, (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 61; FHL microfilm 337,919. 70iIbid. 71 The Salem Directory and City Register; Containing Names of the Inhabitants, their Occupations, Places of Business, and Residences, with Lists of City Officers, Banks, Insurance Offices, Societies, &c. Names of the Streets and Wharves; and Other Useful Information. Salem: Henry Whipple, 1842. Electronic. p. 20. 72 The Salem Directory and City Register; Containing Names of the Inhabitants, their Occupations, Places of Business, and Residences, with Lists of City Officers, Banks, Insurance Offices, Societies, &c. Names of the Streets and Wharves; and Other Useful Information. Salem: Henry Whipple, 1846. Electronic. p. 26. 73 "United States Census, 1850," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:MD92-M9P : 12 April 2016), John P Clark in household of Sarah Clark, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing family 303, NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.). 74 Probate #35349. p. 6. 16 of 55 �Number 12 Andrew street is described as “A dwelling with land under and adjoining, being no. 12. By Andrew Street” and was valued at $1800. His personal estate came to $300.42. Table 1: Personal Estate of John Clark, 1850 A small lot of furniture in front Chamber $30 A small lot of furniture in Back Chamber $12 Two feather beds, 2 Bedsteads, and beding for the same $45 A small lot of crockery and glassware $10, silver spoon, $5 $15 Thomas Needham’s Note ($149) with three years interest to Oct. 1, 1850 $175.82 ($26.82) Israel Fellows’ Note ($40) and 1 ½ years of interest to Oct. 1, 1850 (3.60) $43.60 T o t a l : $300.42 The estate owed $153.75 to a number of creditors, perhaps mainly for funeral expenses, but which reveal the people to whom the Clarks would have turned for their daily needs. The largest amount, $43.25 was owed to Samuel Johnson. There were a few Samuel Johnsons in Salem in 1850, the two most likely possibilities are a physician who lived at 14 Brown Street and the owner of an auction and commission store at 14 Front Street.75 The next charge listed is $5.25 to Isaac Colby, either a physician at 24 St. Peter Street or a currier.76 $18.50 was owed to James K. Averill, a cabinet-maker at 112 Essex Street.77 $4 was owed to Jeremiah S. Perkins, a tailor who lived at 17 Andrew Street. $3 to Chapman and Palfray, printers of the Salem Register, 75 Salem Directory, 1850. p. 86. 76 Ibid., p. 54. 77 Ibid., p. 36. 17 of 55 �with an additional $1.50 for the funeral notice. $31.25 was owed to William Ives & Co., printers of the Salem Observer.78 $3 to Hannah P. Putnam, a milliner at 168 Essex Street. $7.04 to Foster & Price, a dry goods and millinery store at 220 Essex Street. $6.75 was due to Elijah Fuller who had a tinware shop on Neptune Street but lived at 20 Andrew. $11 to Smith & Manning, likely for a funeral carriage. Lastly, $4.22 to William Jelly, collector for the Aqueduct Co. on Sewall Street.79 " Figure 3: A General View of the Neighborhood from Henry McIntyre’s 1851 Map of Salem 78 Ibid., p. 85. 79 Essex County Probate Record 35349. p. 16. 18 of 55 �" Figure 4: A Closer View of 12 Andrew Street in 1851, note it is marked “Clark.” In 1850, Samuel C. Clark was working as a painter with his partner W.H. Simonds on Neptune Street and living at 6 Winter Street. The 1851 Directory lists Mrs. John Clark at 12 Andrew Street.80 In 1855, George C. Clark is living at 110 Bridge Street.81 Sarah Clark, widow of John, sold number 12 to Perley Putnam in May of 1855 for $1140. 82 Putnam’s father, Col. Perley Putnam I had built the house at 10 Andrew Street around 1803. Several other Clarks are found in the directories living on Andrew Street in the nineteenth century but they do not appear to be related to the Clarks who lived at 12 Andrew. The directories list a mariner, John B. Clark, living at 22 Andrew in 1846, a Captain John D. Clark 80 Adams, George. Salem Directory…also including a directory of the towns of Beverly, Peabody, Danvers, and Marblehead. Salem: H. Whipple, 1851. p. 56. 81 Salem Directory, 1855, p. 51. 82 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 513:51. 25 May 1855. 19 of 55 �living at 22 Andrew Street in 1851 and at 24 Andrew Street in 1866. 838485 John Daniel Clark married Mary Pedrick of Marblehead. Clark purchased 24 Andrew Street from Daniel Millett, a tailor, for $425 in 1843. Millett was the mortgagee of the mariner Thomas Goss, and acquired the house when Goss died in 1829. In his career, Clark mastered the brigs Lawrence and Zotoff for the Fabens brothers of Salem.86 By 1872, a John Clark became involved in fish selling near East Webb Street and lived at the rear of 11 Andrew Street.87 By 1878, his business had moved to Salem Neck but he was still living at the rear of 11 Andrew Street. 88 VI- The Expansion of Andrew Street, 1820 to 1881 In the 1820s, wealthy ship owner Capt. Joseph White owned 21 Andrew Street as an investment which he sold to John Story, a mariner, in 1829, a year before White’s murder on the other side of the common became national news. 89 White also had interest in 16-18 Andrew Street, where he leant a mortgage to Lemuel Payson.90 83 Salem Directory, 1846, p. 26. 84 Salem Directory, 1851, p. 85 Salem Directory, 1866, p. 86 Booth (1977). 87 Salem Directory, 1872. p. 48. 88 1878 Directory, p. 46. 89 SAL.2774, “White, Joseph House” 90 King (1982), p. 2. 20 of 55 �Nathaniel Silsbee, Jr., a merchant and son of U.S. Senator Nathaniel Silsbee, built a Greek Revival house at 96 Washington Square East in 1832. His new home sat beside the imposing Federal brick mansion of his father at 94 Washington Square East, built some 14 years earlier.9192 Silsbee, Jr. would go on to be elected mayor of Salem twice, serving first from 1849 to 1851 and then 1858 to 1859.93 The much-altered multi-family building at 98 Washington Square East began in the early 1840s as a two-story building with a much smaller footprint. It was the home of merchants Nathaniel A. and Edward D. Kimball.9495 Carpenter John Brooks built the house at 13 Andrew Street in the mid-1840s. The Brooks family continued to own the home until 1905. Like many houses on Andrew Street, Number 13 was converted into a multi-family dwelling and rented out starting in the 1880s, as Salem’s population continued to swell.96 The neighborhood on the eastern side of the Common grew denser in the nineteenth century. Pickman Street was laid out in 1824, Briggs Street in 1837, Arbella Street in 1860, Boardman Street in 1879.97 91 MACRIS, SAL.2752 “Silsbee, Nathaniel Jr. House” 92 MACRIS, SAL.2753 “Silsbee, Nathaniel House” 93 Hurd, Duane Hamilton (1888), History of Essex County, Massachusetts: with Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men, Volume 1, Issue 1, Philadelphia, PA: J.W. Lewis & Co., p. 227. 94 McIntyre (1851) Map. 95 MACRIS, SAL.2785. “’The Melba’ Apartments” 96 MACRIS, SAL.2789. “Brooks, John House” 97 Perley (1905), p. 73. 21 of 55 �The eastern end of Andrew Street was first developed in the 1850s. Moses Shatswell built a house at what is now 30 Andrew Street around that year. 98 Ship-carpenter Luther Goldthwait built at house at what is now 25-27 Andrew Street by 1851. Aaron Nourse, a clerk, built a house at 35 Andrew Street around 1850 and Jonathan Tucker, a weigher at Derby Wharf, built a house at 26 Andrew Street around 1855.99100 Both Nourse’s and Tucker’s houses stand today while Shatswell’s and Goldthwait’s were razed around 1880 in the final period of construction on the street.101 Around 1868, Frederick W. Putnam, then the superintendent of the Essex Institute, built a new Italianate house at 26 Andrew Street.102 In 1881, Frederick W. Putnam removed to Cambridge permanently. He sold his house at 26 Andrew Street to E. Frank Johnson, an amusement manager and bill poster who later became an officer at the Salem Jail. Johnson expanded Putnam’s house to create a multi-family dwelling and lived there until 1923.103 In 1870, John Battis, a cooper, built a house at 15 Andrew Street on land which had previously contained a house of an indeterminate date lived in by George Underwood, a laborer.104105 Charles Miller, a merchant living in the mansion at 96 Washington Square East, 98 The Salem Directory. Salem, Massachusetts: Henry M. Meek Publishing Company, 1861. p. 159. 99 Salem Directory, 1855. p. 148 100 Ibid, p. 114. 101 MACRIS, SAL.2777, “Tucker, Jonathan House” 102 MACRIS, SAL.2741. “Putnam, Frederick W. House” 103 MACRIS, SAL.2741.” 104 Salem Directory, 1846. p. 116. 105 MACRIS, SAL. 2790. “Battis, John House” 22 of 55 �constructed a stable with a mansard roof in 1877 which is today 4 Andrew Street. It was converting into a dwelling around the time of the Great Salem Fire in 1914. 106 In 1879, a Boston-based merchant named John Henry Carey built the tall Italianate house with red brackets at 30 Andrew Street, replacing Moses Shatwell’s house. 107 Carey had previously lived at 17 Andrew Street, and continued to live at 17 Andrew until 1905, at which point it had become a multi-family home. 108 William Cloutman built 81 Webb Street circa 1880.109 Andrew Street as it exists today was completed by 1881 with the addition of the Victorian double-house at 25-27 Andrew Street where the Goldthwait’s house had stood for roughly 30 years.110 106 MACRIS, SAL.2751. “Miller, Charles Stable” 107 Massachusetts Historical Commission, MACRIS Database. SAL:2740, “Carey, John House” 108 Salem Directory, 1879. p. 45. 109 MACRIS, SAL:2739, “81 Webb Street, Cloutman, William House” 110 MACRIS, SAL:2776, “25-27 Andrew Street’ 23 of 55 �" Figure 5: The Three Building Phases of Andrew Street, No. 21 is unknown, but likely c. 1810-20. VII- The Putnams, 1855 to 1879 Col. Perley Putnam, Sr., a housewright, carpenter, and ship carpenter, was born in 1778 to Nathan and Hannah Putnam. 111 Nathan Putnam, born in Danvers, married Hannah Putnam, his fourth cousin as they were both descended from John Putnam, who emigrated from 111 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 216. 24 of 55 �Buckinghamshire, England and died in Salem Village in 1662.112 Perley Putnam I’s paternal grandfather, Jonathan Putnam, married Sarah Perley of Boxford in 1736.113 The marriage produced five sons and a daughter. Perley Putnam I was the second son, Nathan Putnam, Jr. was born in 1773. Fighting in the Battle of Lexington in April of 1775, Perley Putnam I’s uncle, Perley Putnam, died and his father was wounded. 114 Hannah Putnam died in 1802.115 Putnam, Sr. married Betsey Preston in Danvers in 1801.116117 They had nine children in all, starting with a daughter, Eliza, in 1802, then another daughter, Mary Ann, in 1805, then another, Cynthia, in 1806, and then Betsey and the colonel had twin daughters in 1810: Adaline and Augusta.118 Adeline died three months later.119 Perley Zebulon Montgomery Pike Putnam was born February 14th, 1813.120 The namesake of his middle name, western explorer and Brigadier General in the War of 1812, died April 27 of that year while leading the army to victory in the Battle of York.121 112 Perley (1926), p. 109. 113 Perley (1926), p. 117. 114 Howe (1904), p. 159. 115 Ibid. 116 Vital 117 Records of Salem, Marriages, p. 232. King, Joyce. Historic Salem House History, “10 Andrew Street” 1987. p. 3. 118 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 207. 119 Vital Records of Salem, Deaths, p. 169. 120 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 216. 121 “Zebulon Montgomery Pike” The Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc. Electronic. https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/zebulon-pike 25 of 55 �Another son, John Preston Putnam was baptized June 15th 1815.122 His namesake was perhaps John Preston (1587-1628), a prominent Anglican priest suspected of Puritan leanings, though the name’s significance is not distinctly Jeffersonian, as Putnam’s other two sons. Elbridge Gerry Putnam was born in 1817 and named for the recently deceased Vice President from Marblehead.123 Another daughter, Caroline Matilda, was born in 1820.124 Perley Putnam, Sr. bought a lot on Andrew Street from Benjamin Browne for $276.40 in 1803.125 His lot was slightly larger than Abiezer Washburn’s: 70 by 98 feet. The land is described as “Lott No. 3” of Browne’s land: a certain piece of land Lott No. 3 on Andrew Street, and is bounded as follows, viz, beginning at the northeast corner, of Samuel Masury Junr Land Lott No. 2 from thence running northeasterly seventy feet on Andrew Street to Lott No. 4 of my Land, from thence southerly on my land ninety eight feet to the heirs of Thomas Briggs land, from thence on said Briggs land seventy feet to the land of said Masury, from thence northerly on said Masury’s land ninety eight feet to the first mentioned bounds The house that Perley Putnam, Sr. built at 10 Andrew Street was a sizeable and impressive Federal house, five bays wide with a fancy doorway with a large fanlight and a pedimented door with pilasters which still survives. Perley Putnam I and Betsey continued to live in 10 Andrew Street even after Perley Putnam I acquired 12 Andrew Street in 1855. 10 Andrew 122 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 215. 123 Ibid. 124 Ibid. 125 Essex County Registry of Deeds. Deed 172:160. 4 May 1803. 26 of 55 �Street remained in the family until it was sold to carpenter George L. Upton in 1899. The Uptons lived there until 1925.126 In 1799, Perley Putnam I assisted with the building of the famous frigate Essex. The Essex was a U.S. Naval gunship and frigate which participated in the Quasi-War, the First Barbary War, and the War of 1812 before being captured by the British in 1814.127 Perley Putnam I helped to organize the Salem Mechanic Light Infantry and led their inaugural parade in 1807. He became a major in 1810.128 During the War of 1812, Lieut. Col. Putnam, Sr. took a troop of Salem men to command Fort Sullivan in Eastport, Maine. Governor James Sullivan ordered the fort to be constructed for coastal defense in Eastport on Penobscot Bay, today the easternmost city in the United States.129130 According to one nineteenth-century antiquarian, Perley Putnam I had control of 100 militiamen and the British landed as many as 1,000 men on July 5th, 1814.131 On July 11th, 1814, Perley Putnam I surrendered the fort to Commander Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet. With control of the fort, the British took control of Penobscot Bay and renamed the area New Ireland. It was only in 1818, four years after the war’s end, that the British returned 126 Moffat, David. “10 Andrews Street,” Christmas in Salem 2016. Salem: Historic Salem, Inc., 2016. Print. p. 41. 127 Preble, Capt. George Henry. “The First Cruise of the United States Frigate Essex.” Essex Institute Historical Collections, Vol. X, Part III. Salem: The Essex Institute, 1870. Print. 128 Howe (1904), p. 152. 129 Ibid. 130 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, #70000081, “Fort Sullivan.” 28 December 1969. Electronic. https://npgallery.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/70000081.pdf 131 Varney, Geo. J. “History of Eastport, Maine,” The Gazetteer of the State of Maine. Boston: B.B. Russell, 1886. Electronic. http://history.rays-place.com/me/eastport-me.htm 27 of 55 �Eastport to the United States. 132 Returning home in 1814, Perley Putnam I was promoted to Colonel.133 In 1818 and 1819, Perley Putnam I designed and built the United States Custom House which still stands on Derby Street in Salem. His partner in the work was Jonathan Peele Saunders, the surveyor of the port and the drafter of an important map of Salem in 1820. William R. Lee, the collector of customs at Salem, was the supervisor of the project. A letter from Perley Putnam I to Lee on June 19, 1818 survives. In his letter, Perley Putnam I lays out his plan for the construction of the Custom House and his vision for how it could be built well. For example, in regard to the building materials, Perley Putnam I writes: The timber and joist for the floors and roof to be of a good quality and a proper size for such a building, the floors to be double the good merchantable boards, likewise the boards on the roof of the same quality, and the roof to be slated with the best slate.134 According to the authors of Sketches of Representative Women in New England, Perley Putnam I “worked on the first Franklin Building, and erected some of the solid houses on Chestnut and other streets.”135 The Franklin Building, built 1809 where the Hawthorne Hotel stands today, was one of the earliest brick commercial blocks in Salem and after 1835 became the home to the Salem Marine Society.136 132 The 133 Border Historical Society, Easport, ME. Electronic, http://www.borderhistoricalsociety.com/ Howe (1904), p. 152. 134 Salem Maritime National Historic Site, Custom House Historic Structure Report, Electronic. http:// www,hawthorneinsalem.org/images/fullpageimage.php?name=MMD222. 135 Howe (1904), p. 152. 136 Visitor’s Guide to Salem. Salem: Eben Putnam, 1894. Electronic. p. 64, p. 100. 28 of 55 �Perley Putnam I’s father, Nathan Putnam, died in 1823.137 The same year, his daughter, Eliza, married James B. Goodhue.138 His daughter, Rebecca, died in 1834, and Augusta married Charles B. Goodhue of Boston in 1836.139140 Perley Putnam, Sr. was a lifelong Democrat and served as Salem’s first city marshall from 1836 until 1847 and served as street commissioner from 1846 until 1862. 141 Perley Z.M.P. Putnam married Mary Eliza Whitney in 1840.142 Mary was the third child of John Whitney, an immigrant from England, and Mary Russell of Salem, she was born in 1817.143 A daughter, Mary Eliza, was born May 20, 1841.144 Their son, Perley, was born January 20, 1843.145 Another daughter, Frances Goodhue, was born May 12, 1845 and died 22 months later of “lung fever.”146 On September 9th, 1849, Captain Perley Z.M.P. Putnam died of typhoid 137 Perley (1926), p. 117. 138 Vital 139 Records of Salem, Marriages, p. 430. Perley (1926), p. 118. 140 Vital Records of Salem, Marriages, p. 429. 141 Howe, Julia Ward, editor. “Rebecca Augusta Pickett,” Sketches of Representative Women in New England. Boston: New England Historical Publishing Company, 1904. Electronic. p. 152. 142 Vital Records of Salem, Marriages p. 232. 143 Ward, Robert R.L. “John Whitney (1788-a1825)” The Whitney Research Group. 2016. Electronic. [http:// wiki.whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php/Family:Whitney,_John_(1788-a1825)] 144 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 214. 145 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 216. 146 Vital Records of Salem, Deaths, p. 170. 29 of 55 �fever aged 36 aboard the brig Messenger off the coast of Africa.147 Eighteen days later, Frances Tuttle Putnam was born. 148 In 1841, Caroline Putnam married William B. Brown, who ran a clothing store, Perkins & Brown, on Neptune Street and lived at 17 Andrew Street.149150 Betsey Putnam died December 31st, 1850, and Perley Putnam, Sr. died July 4th, 1864. At the time of his death, Perley Putnam Sr. owned both numbers 10 and 12 Andrew Street, as well as 16 Lemon Street.151 The property on Lemon Street was valued at $1,400 while number 12 was worth $1,900 and number 10 was worth $3,400.152 The value of 12 Andrew had risen $100 since Clark’s probate 14 years earlier. The property on Lemon Street is number 14 today and the lot is blank on McIntyre’s 1851 map of Salem. It sat between the properties of Jane Fellows and William Honeycomb.153 Perley Putnam I bought it from Elizabeth H. Harrington of Charlestown in September 1852 for $1625 and built a house upon it in the Italianate style shortly afterwards. 154 147 Vital Records of Salem, Deaths, p. 171. 148 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 211. 149 Vital Records of Salem, Marriages, p. 153. 150 Salem Directory, 1842. p. 14. 151 King (1987). p. 3. 152 Essex County Probate Records, Probate 51168: “Perley Putnam, Esq. 1864.” p. 20. 153 MacIntye (1851). 154 Essex Country Registry of Deeds, Deed 465:292. 9 Sep 1852. 30 of 55 �In September, Edward Brown gave up his claim to the property in Lemon Street to the other holders.155 In November, the remaining holders sold 16 Lemon Street to Elizabeth A. Beede, for $2000.156 The property is listed as belonging to Elizabeth’s husband, John Beede, a trader, in 1874.157 The initial trustees of Perley Putnam I’s estate were his youngest son, Elbridge G. Putnam, and his son-in-law, William B. Brown, but Brown predeceased Putnam and Elbridge declined the role of trustee as he had moved to Philadelphia and become a tailor.158 Consequently, John P. became his father’s trustee. The complex nature of Perley I’s estate means that his probate runs over 200 pages. He had $10,541 of U.S. Government bonds, $1,900 in Essex Railroad bonds, and 20 shares in the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company worth $2,180. Putnam also held a combined $3,521 in shares of seven banks.159 Further still, he owned shares of the Mechanic Hall Corporation, the Marine Insurance Company, the Mad. River Railroad Company, the East Boston ferry, the Salem and Danvers Aqueduct and the Portland, Saco, & Portsmouth Railroad. These investments added up to $1,575.160 When all of his assets were totaled $26,737.09.161 155 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 806:102, 26 Sep 1870. 156 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 809:260, 7 Nov 1870. 157 MHC MACRIS, SAL.2858. “John Beede House” 158 Probate of Perley Putnam, Esq., 1864. p. 12, p. 27. 159 Ibid., p. 21. The banks were the Naumkeag Bank (12 shares), the Mercantile Bank (6 shares), the Exchange Bank (8 shares), the Danvers Bank (3 shares), the Commercial Bank (5 shares), the Village Bank (7 shares), and the Asiatic Bank (2 shares). 160 Ibid. 161 This is roughly $400,000 in today’s money. 31 of 55 �The funeral expenses and debts on Mr. Putnam’s estate were comparably minor: $51 to H. & H.G. Hubon for a coffin, $36 to Smith and Manning for carriages, $14 for 2 doctors, $30 for the appraisers. $6 were spent on the flowers and $2.50 to Hezekiah Sleeper, the sexton, for opening First Universalist Church on Rust Street for the funeral. 162 George C. Clark, former resident of 12 Andrew Street, was paid $54.30 for repairs to the house. $29.50 was owed for groceries from James Chamberlain and James Harris, Jr. of Chamberlain, Harris, & Co. which was located at 24 Front Street. $4.24 for milk from H.L. Moody. $10.67 was owned to his late son-in-law Benjamin Brown for clothing. Putnam’s physical possessions, consisting of a library, household furniture, and other articles, came to $1019.59. They were split agreeably among the five surviving children.163 Mary Eliza Putnam, referred to in the records as “Mrs. Z.M.P. Putnam” continued to live at 12 Andrew Street until her death in 1878. Perley II’s younger brother, John P. Putnam, was listed as a wood dealer and lived at 10 Andrew Street in the 1860s.164 In 1866, the Salem Directory lists the inhabitants of 12 Andrew Street as Perley Putnam, Jr. and Mrs. Z.M.P. Putnam, while next door at 10 Andrew Street reside John P. Putnam, painter, and his wife, Mary Ann.165 By 1869, John P. and Mary Ann Putnam had moved to 86 Bridge Street where they lived with their son George Granville Putnam, born 1852.166 George G. Putnam worked for John 162Salem 163 Directory, 1855. p. 184. Probate of Perley Putnam, Esq., 1864. p. 20. 164 Vital Records of Salem, Marriages, p. 231. 165 Salem Directory, 1866. p. 137. 166 Salem Directory, 1869. p. 138. 32 of 55 �Chapman and Charles W. Palfray, the printers of the Salem Register, at 193 Essex Street.167 The Salem Register had existed in Salem since 1800 and in 1869 was printed bi-weekly (Mondays and Thursdays) for an annual subscription of $4 a year.168 As for John P.’s profession as a painter, multiple directories do not list him in their business directory under any of the five categories they assign to painters (house and sign, carriage, portrait, ship, sign and ornamental) nor is he listed as a supplier of paints, oils, and glass.169 The Directory of 1874 does not list Perley Putnam but only Mrs. Z.M.P. Putnam.170 The Atlas of Salem, released the same year, shows the house belonging to “The Heirs of P. Putnam,” while 10 Andrew Street belonged to Mary Eliza Putnam.171 167 Ibid., p. 198. 168Ibid., p. 328. 169 Salem Directory, 1878. p. 196. 170 Salem Directory, 1874. p. 155. 171 Busch, Edward. Atlas of the City of Salem, Massachusetts. From actual Survey & Official records. G.M. Hopkins & Co. Philadelphia, 1874. 33 of 55 �" Figure 6: Detail of the 1874 Atlas of Salem, Massachusetts. Perley Putnam is listed as a “shoe cutter” in 1878.172 Mary Whitney Putnam died on Christmas, 1878 and by 1880 Perley Putnam removed to Beverly.173 The 1880 census shows him living there with his wife, Deborah, and working as a shoe cutter.174 In 1878, John P. Putnam no longer appears at 86 Bridge Street, though Mary Ann and George P. remain.175 There were another Putnam living on Andrew Street at the same time, and he was a distant relative. Frederick Ward Putnam, son of Ebenezer Putnam III, was the proprietor of The Salem Press at the corner of Derby and Liberty streets and an anthropologist who served as 172 Ibid, p. 156. 173 Ward (2016). 174 "United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:MH6H-QJD : 8 September 2017), Perley Putnam, Beverly, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing enumeration district ED 155, sheet 479D, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 0527; FHL microfilm 1,254,527. 175 Ibid., p. 154. 34 of 55 �director of the Peabody Academy of Science from 1869 to 1873. Putnam, born 1839, was a fourth-generation Harvard graduate.176177178 He was Perley Putnam I’s fourth cousin once removed and Perley Putnam II’s fifth cousin, as both lines came from John Jutnam, son of the family patriarch, John Putnam, a planter who died in 1710. 179 Putnam grew up at 226 Derby, then the home of his father, Ebenezer Putnam II. 180 By 1869, Eben Putnam had moved to 47 Summer Street and died there in 1876.181 Frederick Ward Putnam built his house at 26 Andrew Street around 1868. 182 His advisor at Harvard was Louis Agassiz and Frederick Ward Putnam graduated with a B.S. in 1862. He served in a number of curatorial posts for the natural history collections at the Essex Institute from 1856 until 1867, when he took a job as superintendent of the Essex Institute.183 In the 1870s, Frederick W. Putnam was the curator of the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethonology in Cambridge and permanent secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.184 The latter organization, organized 1848, was located at the 176 Vital Records of Salem, Births, p. 211. 177 Perley (1926), p. 118. 178 Perley (1926), p. 118. 179 Perley (1926), p. 109. 180 Salem Directory, 1866. p. 137. 181 Salem Directory, 1869. p. 138. 182 Salem Directory, 1872. p. 154. 183 Tozzer, Alfred M. “Biographical Memoir of Frederic Ward Putnam, 1839-1915.” National Academy of the Sciences, 1933. pp. 125-126. Electronic. http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/ putnam-frederic.pdf 184 Salem Directory, 1876. p. 156. 35 of 55 �East India Marine Hall in Salem.185 In 1881, Frederick W. Putnam moved to Cambridge permanently, where he served as Massachusetts State Commissioner of Fish and Game.186 Putnam went on to a very distinguished career as an anthropologist and ethnologist, establishing the nascent field in the United States. He served as president of the American Folklore Society and the American Anthropological Association, and was elected to the National Academy of Science in 1885. 187 The Stevens Family, 1879 to 1918 Samuel A. Stevens, a gasfitter, moved into 12 Andrew Street in 1879. His place of business was first 273 Essex Street, where he provided gas and steam pipes and fixtures, and then 141 Essex Street.188189 Stevens’ old office was taken by Charles A. Staten, another gas and steam fitter who lived at 8 Mead Court and had worked with Stevens in the past.190 Stevens was 44 and had been born in Maine circa 1836. 191 185 Ibid., p. 263. 186 Tozzer (1933), p. 126. 187 Tozzer (1933), p. 125-138. 188 1878 Directory p. 179. 189 The Salem Directory, 1881 Containing in the City Record, Business Directory, and Street Directory, No. XIX. Sampson, Davenport, & Co. Salem: A.A. Smith & Co. p. 214, p. 265. 190 Salem Directory 1881, p. p.213, p. 340. 191 "United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:MH6F-D1V : 8 September 2017), Samuel A Stevens, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing enumeration district ED 231, sheet 616A, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 0532; FHL microfilm 1,254,532. 36 of 55 �Figure 7: An Ad for Stevens’ gasfitting and plumbing business, 1882-3. Stevens paid $2200 for the property from Perley Putnam III, Charles H. and Mary E. Tibbetts, Charles I. and Frances F. Shepherd, and Rebecca A. Cook, widow. The Shepherds had moved to Somerville, but the others were all from Salem.192 Rebecca, Frances, and Mary being Perley Putnam III’s sisters.193 192 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Deed 1018:247. 18 Jun 1879. 193 Essex County Probate Record 51168. p. 33 37 of 55 �By 1882, 10 Andrew Street next door transitioned into a multi-family home. Listed in that year are James S. Smith, a harness maker and carriage trimmer working at 11 Church Street, Mrs. Susan Davis, the widow of Nathaniel Davis, and William Lafavour, a mariner.194 Stevens continued to live at 12 Andrew Street with his wife Martha A. Stevens until his death on March 22, 1898. Martha A. Stevens then owned the property as a widow until her death in 1918. " Figure 8: The 1897 Atlas of Salem, showing “M.A. Stevens” as the owner of 12 Andrew Street. The 1910 Federal Census shows Martha A. Stevens, 68 years old, widowed and living alone at 12 Andrew Street. 195 In 1916 and 1917, the directories list Ella E. Ravell, a dressmaker, boarding with Mrs. Stevens at 12 Andrew Street. In 1910, Ravell had been 46 years old and 194 Meek, Henry M. The Naumkeag Directory for Salem, Beverly, Danvers, Marblehead, Peabody, containing a list of the Inhabitants and Business Firms of the Districts and other Matters of General and Local Interest. No. 1 – 1882-83. Salem: Henry M. Meek & Francis A. Fieldler. p. 6. 195 "United States Census, 1910," database with images, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:M2JJ-264 : accessed 26 November 2017), Martha A Stevens, Salem Ward 2, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 459, sheet 15B, family 366, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 587; FHL microfilm 1,374,600. 38 of 55 �living at 126 Main Street in Peabody with her older brother, Benjamin R. Ravel, a bookkeeper in a coal office.196 William D. Chapple, Martha A. Stevens’ administrator, filed a petition on October 11, 1918 to register the land on Andrews Street which was granted October 25th.197198 VIII- Heffernan and Collins, 1920 to 1944 In 1918, Nellie L. Heffernan paid $2800 for 12 Andrew Street from William Chapple. 199 Around 1920, 12 Andrew Street became a two-family home. William P. Heffernan and his wife, Nellie L., lived on one side of 12 Andrew Street at that time, while Richard J. Collins and his wife, Alice L. lived on the other.200 Heffernan was a constable in Wenham and in 1916 he and Nellie had lived at 53 St. Peter’s Street.201 Heffernan was a second-generation Irish immigrant born in Massachusetts in 1871. His father, John Heffernan, and his mother, Bridget 196 "United States Census, 1910," database with images, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:M2JF-Y6G : accessed 26 November 2017), Ella E Ravel in household of Benjamin P Ravel, Peabody, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 444, sheet 4B, family 86, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 587; FHL microfilm 1,374,600. 197 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Petition 2400:339. 11 Oct 1918 198 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Document 2398:579. 25 Oct 1918. 199 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #5598. 10/29/2017. 200 Directory for Salem and Beverly, Containing an Alphabetical List of the Inhabitants and the Business Firms of the District, Street and Householders Directories, and Other Miscellaneous Matters for each City. Naumkeag Series- No. 27. Salem, Massachusetts: Henry M. Meek Publishing Co., 1920. p. 286. 201 The Naumkeag Directory for Salem, Beverly, Danvers, Marblehead, and Peabody, Containing an Alphabetical List of the Inhabitants and the Business Firms of the District, Street and Householders Directories, and Other Miscellaneous Matters for each City. Naumkeag Series- No. 24. Salem, Massachusetts: Henry M. Meek Publishing Co., 1916, p. 289. 39 of 55 �McGinn, both emigrated from Ireland.202 In 1900, he was working as a shoe cutter and living at 14 Skerry Street. Nellie L. married John in 1898 and in October of that year they had a daughter, Marion V. Nellie’s father was from Ireland and her mother from Nova Scotia, she was born in Massachusetts in 1877.203 Collins was a lieutenant in the Salem Fire Department and had previously lived with Alice at 18 Howard Street.204 In 1924, the Salem Electric Lighting Company sold wiring material and fixtures to 12 Andrew Street for $200.205 Salem had first appointed fire wardens in 1744 to take charge of firefighting efforts and bucket lines.206The Salem Fire Department after the Great Salem Fire consisted of several Engine Companies spread out around the city. By 1916, there were 2 chief’s cars and a twoplatoon system was implemented in 1919. The Fire Department was reorganized with the following divisions after the Great Salem Fire:207 Auto Chemical #1 and Engines #1 and #3– Church Street Engine #2 – North Street Engines #4 and Ladder #1 – Essex Street 202 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Document 43830, under Registered Land. Death certificate for William P. Heffernan. 203 "United States Census, 1900," database with images, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:M9RD-SPD : accessed 30 November 2017), William Heffernan, Salem city Ward 2, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 444, sheet 7B, family 148, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,240,647. 204 Salem Directory, 1916. p. 220. 205 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Document 2612:211. 29 Sep 1924. 206 Tuffs, Edward R. A History of the Salem Fire Department. Salem: Holyoke Mutual Insurance Company, 1975. Print. p. 5. 207 Tuffs (1975), p. 65-67. 40 of 55 �Engine #5- Wisteria Street Engine #6- Webb Street Ladder #2- Bridge Street The chief from 1915 until 1930 was Howard C. Kimball. Edward R. Tuffs, in his brief history of the Fire Department of Salem, notes that between 1921 and 1935 the only major change in the department had been moving ladder #2 to North Street.208 The City Documents of Salem, 1924, list Collins as the captain of Ladder Company #1. The Department consisted of 59 permanent firemen and 37 call men in eight companies. Their total expenses that year were $134,906.44, an amount that stayed relatively constant throughout the 1920s. The department received 622 alarms, more than 100 of which came in December.209 As captain of Ladder Company #1, Collins lead a lieutenant, James A. Brennan, and eight permanent privates. 210 1925 saw 652 alarms, the highest of any year yet, and a staggering increase from the 140 alarms reported in 1900 and the 138 reported in 1901.211 This was surpassed by 653 alarms in 1927, 819 alarms in 1929, and 903 alarms in 1931! 212213 Of the fires in town in 1926, the largest causes were grass (99 fires), dump (51 fires), automobile (45 fires), chimney (42 fires) and 208 Tuffs (1975), p. 67. 209 Salem City Documents, 1924. Salem: Deschamps Brothers, 1925. Print. pp. 45-51. 210 Salem City Documents, 1925. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1926. Print. p. 7. 211 Salem City Documents, 1926. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1927. Print. pp. 97-98. 212 Salem City Documents, 1927. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1928. Print. p. 57. 213 Salem City Documents, 1931. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1932. Print. p. 72. 41 of 55 �carelessness with matches (38 fires).214 1927 saw 183 grass fires and a fire caused by a mop!215 In 1929 the number of grass fires climbed to 270.216 James S. Koen became the chief of the Salem Fire Department in 1932 and died December 31, 1933.217218 Joseph H. Flynn, the captain of Ladder Company #2 in 1931 before being promoted to Deputy Chief, took over the force as acting director in 1933. The number of calls had fallen back to 647 alarms, of which only 99 were caused by grass and 60 by automobiles.219 In 1935, Richard Collins became the captain of Engine Company #1.220 In 1924, Heffernan was listed as both a constable and inspector in Wenham.221 In 1933, William Heffernan became a caretaker.222 The 1935 poll listing for Salem notes that both Nellie and Alice were housekeepers. 223 214 Salem City Documents, 1926. pp. 95-96. 215 Salem City Documents, 1927. p. 57. 216 Salem City Documents, 1929. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1929. 217 Salem City Documents, 1932. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1933. Print. p. 68. 218 Salem City Documents, 1933. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1934. Print. p. 35. 219 Ibid, pp. 40-41. 220 Salem City Documents, 1935. Salem: Deschamps Brothers, 1936. 221 Directory for Salem and Beverly, Containing an Alphabetical List of the Inhabitants and the Business Firms of the District, Street and Householders Directories, and Other Miscellaneous Matters for each City. Naumkeag Series- No. 31. Salem, Massachusetts: Henry M. Meek Publishing Co., 1924. p. 251, p. 354. 222 Salem Directory, 1933-34. p. 194. 223 1935 Poll Listing, p. 12. 42 of 55 �" Figure 9: The 1938 Atlas of Salem showing 12 Andrew Street. The 1938 Atlas of Salem shows an automobile garage which no longer stands and which was not present in the 1911 Atlas, likely built by Heffernan and Collins and then removed by later owners. The 1940 Federal Census lists no profession for William Heffernan but notes that Collins made $3000 a year as deputy fire chief. 224 Chief Joseph H. Flynn retired in July of 1940 after 40 years in the department and Arthur L. Flynn replaced him. Collins was one of two deputy chiefs with James P. Buckley.225 In 1941, Collins became acting chief of the department and deputy chief again the following year according to the Salem Directories, but he remains the deputy chief until 1949 224 "United States Census, 1940," database with images, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/1:1:K4XL-Q66 : accessed 28 November 2017), William Heffernan, Ward 2, Salem, Salem City, Essex, Massachusetts, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 5-339, sheet 13B, line 54, family 280, Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, NARA digital publication T627. Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790 2007, RG 29. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, roll 1589. 225 Salem City Documents, 1940. Salem: Newcomb & Gauss, 1940. Print. pp. 75-76. 43 of 55 �according to the official city records.226227 Richard Collins retired from the Fire Department February 3, 1949.228 By 1941, Heffernan had died and Nellie continued living at 12 Andrew Street until 1943.229 The Collins moved out in the same period and the house had a quick turnover of inhabitants for the next two decades. IX- 1944 to 1963 In April 1943, Mary E. Mallon purchased 12 Andrew Street from Nellie E. Heffernan.230 Philip J. O’Connor, a stock accumulator at General Electric in Lynn, and his wife, Olga, were living on one side of 12 Andrew Street. Henry J. Mallon, who worked at the “Silver Anchor,” a location of indeterminate significance, and his wife, Mary E., lived on the other side.231 The following year, the Mallons remained but O’Connor had been replaced with Maurice J. Lynch and his wife, Virginia. Lynch was a laborer at Greenlawn Cemetery.232 In 1946, the Lynches were replaced with John H. Sweeney, an operator for the Boston & Maine Railroad, and 226 Salem Directory, 1941. p. 139. 227 Ibid., p. 139. 228 Salem City Documents, 1949. Salem: Deschamps Brothers, 1950. Print. p. 39. 229 Ibid., p. 307. 230 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #43830. 23 Apr 1943. 231 Salem Directory, 1944. p. 197, p. 231. 232 Salem Directory, 1945, p. 196. 44 of 55 �his wife, Anna.233 Anna M. worked as a milliner.234 In 1946, the Mallons moved away and Clifford E. Stone, a bus operator, and his wife, Jane, moved in. 235236 In 1948, the Sweeneys remained but Edwin and Anna M. Beausoliel moved in. The Beausoleils bought their unit from the Stones.237 Edwin was a leather worker and Anna was a housekeeper.238239 In 1952, Beverly Savings Bank repossessed the house.240 In 1953, the Sweeneys moved to 2 Hodges Court.241 The Beausoliels moved to 10 Liberty Street and 12 Andrew Street was vacant in 1954 and 1955.242243 Gardner C. and Mary E. Lee purchased 12 Andrew Street from the United States Department of Veterans’ Affairs in February of 1954. 244 Gardner C. Lee was proprietor of Lee’s Aluminum Window Co. and his wife Mary E. Lee on one side and Arthur Callahan, a salesman, and his wife Alice S. Callahan on the other.245 The 233 Salem Directory, 1946 p. 283. 234 Salem Poll Listing, 1952, p. 10. 235 Salem Directory, 1947, p. 300. 236 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #49969. 19 Jul 1946. 237 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #53009. 10 Oct 1947. 238 Salem Directory, 1948. p. 287. 239 Salem Poll Listing, 1952, p. 10. 240 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #66570. 23 Sep 1952. 241 Salem Directory, 1953. P. 31, p. 285. 242 Salem Directory, 1954, p. 310. 243 Salem Directory, 1955, p. 318. 244 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #71022. 25 Feb 1954. 245 Salem Directory, 1956. p. 51, p. 166. 45 of 55 �following year, the Callahans moved from Salem and the Gardners remained.246 The Lees defaulted on their mortgage and the home was sold by Salem Cooperative Bank in September of 1957.247 In 1958, the house was vacant again.248 Gardner C. Lee died in 1959 in an automobile accident on the Maine Turnpike outside Wells, Maine. The car he was in crashed into a tree late in the evening on January 15, killing himself and fellow veteran, Paul Leo Doldt of Nahant. Both men were about 40 years old.249 In 1958, 12 Andrew Street was home to John W. Donald and James M. Langlois. Donald purchased the property in July of 1958.250 Langlois was a carpenter who worked for George F. Abbot & Son (general contractors and architects on Jefferson Avenue) and lived with his wife, Joan M.251 Donald lived with his wife was retired at age 66. His wife, Josephine G. Donald, worked as a nurse.252 The Donalds first appear in Salem in 1957, living at 4 Buffum Street.253 In 1959, a Mary Lyons, aged 50, moved to 12 Andrew Street from Beverly Farms.254 In 1960, only the Donalds are listed. 255 246 Salem Directory, 1957. p. 257. 247 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #83786. 26 Sep 1957. 248 Salem Poll Listing, 1958. p. 10. 249 “Doldt, Paul Leo.” Findagrave. Electronic. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131450325 250 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #863551. 18 Jul 1958. 251 Salem Directory, 1959. p. 257, p. 109. 252 Salem Poll Listing, 1960, p. 9. 253 Salem Directory, 1957. p. 181. 254 Ibid. 255 Salem Directory, 1960. p. 452. 46 of 55 �The 1961 Directory lists the Donalds and Mary E. Lyons, the widow of John. Lyons works as a conference secretary for Civil Defense.256 Only the Donalds are listed again in 1962 and 1963257258 In October of 1962, ownership was transferred solely to Josephine Donald.259 X. The Soniers, 1963 to 1985 In 1963, Edward Sonier, a 33-year-old electrical technician and his wife, Dorothy, a 35year-old housewife, moved from Falmouth to live at 12 Andrew alongside the Donalds.260 The Soniers had four daughters: Sarah L., born 1953, Barbara G., born 1954, Marian E., born 1956, and Kathryn, born 1960.261262263 A son, Kenneth E., was born in 1964 shortly after the family moved to Salem.264 Another son, Robert W., was born in 1966.265 In January of 1964, the Soniers purchased 12 Andrew Street from Josephine Donald. 266 256 Salem Directory, 1961, p. 179. 257 Salem Directory, 1962, p. 206. 258 Salem Directory, 1963, p. 200. 259 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #103040. 5 Oct 1962. 260 Salem Poll Listing, 1964, p. 8. 261 Salem Poll Listing, 1971, p. 23. 262 Salem Poll Listing, 1973, p. 22. 263 Salem Poll Listing, 1978, p. unnumbered. 264 Salem Poll Listing, 1982, p. 22. 265 Salem Poll Listing, 1984, p. 24. 266 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #109322. 17 Jan 1964. 47 of 55 �By 1967, only the Soniers are listed and Edward had become a teacher.267 In 1974, Dorothy became a nurse, Edward a purchasing agent, and Sarah a salesgirl.268 In 1975, Marian became a computer operator. 269 The following year, Edward became plant manager.270 From 1980 to 1982, Kathryn worked as a waitress then moved away from home.271 In 1985, Edward was retired at age 55, Dorothy was still working as a nurse, Kenneth was working in electronics, and Robert was a student. 272 In that year, they moved from Salem. XI- Inhabitants 1985 to Present After the Soniers’ departure, the home was again a backdrop for a revolving cast of young professionals. John J. Suldenski of 11 Mason Street purchased the home from Edward Sonier in April of 1984 for $85,000.273 A year later, Suldenski named the property the “John Clark Condominium” with two residential units and created the “John Clark Condominium Trust.”274 Suldenski also created the “Thirty Five Andrew Street Condominium” in 1986 at 35 Andrew Street and by 1991 had created a condominium at 15 Andrew Street as well.275276 267 Salem Poll Listing, 1968, p. 20. 268 Salem Poll Listing, 1974, p. 16. 269 Salem Poll Listing, 1975, p. unnumbered. 270 Salem Poll Listing, 1976, p. unnumbered. 271 Salem Poll Listing, 1982, p. 22. 272 Salem Poll Listing, 1985, p. 33. 273 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #201104. 5 Apr 1985. 274 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #201547. 29 Apr 1985. 275 Essex County Registry of Deeds, 8609:518. 5 Nov 1986. 276 Essex County Registry of Deeds, 10796:048. 17 May 1991. 48 of 55 �Charles Kahn Schneider, a 66-year old college professor, and Joan Kahn Schneider, a 56year old minister, moved into Unit #2 of 12 Andrew Street in 1985.277 The couple purchased the property from Suldenski in December of 1985 for $140,000.278 By 1987, the couple was living in Kirtland, Ohio. Joan was ordained as a Unitarian Universalist minister in 1981 in Cincinnati, Ohio. She served as Director of UUA Ministerial Education in Boston while living in Salem. Charles had been a chemist for Mead Paper Company before becoming a professor of Chemistry. Over the course of their lives, the couple lived in Farmington, Michigan, Mentor, Ohio, Albany, New York, New Hampshire, Connecticut, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Joan also served as the president of the Ministerial Sisterhood Unitarian Universalist. Charles passed away at the age of 86 in August 2006.279 Joan passed away at the age of 86 in June of 2017.280 In October of 1985, Suldenski sold Unit #1 to Kathleen A. Weslock for $113,000.281 In December 1986, Ann Marie Marr purchased Unit #1 of 12 Andrew Street from Kathleen Weslock for $139,000.282 In 1986, 12 Andrew Street was home to Marr, a 32-year-old registered nurse, Vincent S. Caprio, Jr., a 29-year-old financial planner, and Alexandra McCagg, a 27-year-old art teacher.283 277 Salem Poll Listing, 1986, p. 33. 278 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #207533. 3 Jan 1985. 279 Elderberries- The Newsletter of the Unitarian Universalist Retired Ministers and Partners Association, Vol. XXII. November 2006, Number 1. Electronic. p. 8 280 King, Allison. “In Loving Memory of JOAN KAHN-SCHNEIDER (1930 – 2017)” 22 Aug 2017, Accessed 22 Nov 2017. Electronic. http://www.uuma.org/blogpost/569858/283271/In-Loving-Memory-of-JOAN-KAHNSCHNEIDER-1930--2017 281 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #205365. 11 Oct 1985. 282 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #219491. 22 Dec 1986. 283 Salem Poll Listing, 1987, p. 35. 49 of 55 �McCagg purchased Unit #2 from the Kahn Schneiders in July of 1986 for $165,000.284 In 1988, only Marr and Caprio remained.285 In 1989, Marr and Barry K. Johnson, a 37-year-old processor, are listed in Unit 1 and McCagg in Unit 2. 286 In June of 1989, James E. Gaull purchased Unit #1 from Marr for $139,500. 287 In 1990, McCagg still lived in Unit 2 and Gaull, a 27-year-old programming analyst, lived in Unit 1.288 In 1991 and 1992, Unit 1 was home to Gaull and the Glicks: Melanie B., a 36-year-old waitress, and Stephen A., a 38-year-old salesman.289 Unit 2 houses Joseph F. Deamelio, a 43year-old worker at General Electric and Candy Derian, aged 25 and self-employed.290 In 1993, James E. Gaull was joined by Paula Gaull, 32-years old with a profession listed as “At Home.” Derian and Deamelio still lived in Unit 2 until 1996, when Derian moved out and Margaret E. Anderson moved in with Deamelio.291 Pamela Kaplan, a 38-year-old tax manager, moved into Unit 1 in 1994.292 In 1995, Erik Dahlquist and Patricia M. Hanley, both airline employees, moved into Unit 1.293 They purchased the property November 1995 from James E. Gaull and 284 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #214301. 29 July 1986. 285 Salem Poll Listing, 1988, p. 33. 286 Salem Poll Listing, 1989, p. 33. 287 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #246142. 29 Jun 1989. 288 Salem Poll Listing, 1990, p. 31. 289 Salem Poll Listing, 1991, p. 33. 290 Ibid. 291 Salem Poll Listing, 1993, p. 25. 292 Salem Poll Listing, 1994, p. 29. 293 Salem Poll Listing, 1996, p. 26. 50 of 55 �Paula J. Bramberg Gaull for $104,000. 294 In 1996, Philip B. White and Paul-Emmanuel Coudert paid $125,000 for Unit #2 from Alexandra McCagg.295 In 1999, Philip B. White, age 38, moved into Unit 2 and Coleby G. Mantz, a 29-year-old marketing manager, moved into Unit 1.296 Mantz paid $119,000 for the unit, buying it from Hanley and Dahlquist. 297 In 2002, Coudert transferred ownership of Unit #2 solely to Philip B. White.298 White lived in Unit 2 until 2007, when Jill Koran Kelley, an attorney, and Ryan C. Mastro, purchased it from him for $313,000.299300 In January, 2011, Kelley and Mastro moved out and Michelle and Peter Hollingworth, both retired, moved into Unit 2.301 On September 12th, 2014, Laxmi and Jason Tierney purchased Unit #2 for $339,000.302 Mantz and her spouse, Edward T. Mancini, sold Unit #1 to David Sweeney for $307,000 three days later.303 294 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #205365. 12 Jan 1995. 295 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #320458. 25 June 1996. 296 Salem Poll Listing, 1999, p. 27. 297 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #350431. 10 Nov 1998. 298 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #410862. 23 Dec 2002. 299 Salem Poll Listing, 2008, p. 17. 300 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #484974. 12 Dec 2007. 301 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #516667. 10 Jan 2011. 302 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #555502. 12 Sep 2014. 303 Essex County Registry of Deeds, Registered Land Document #555529. 15 Sep 2014. 51 of 55 �XII- Conclusion Over the nearly four centuries of Salem’s history, the land around 12 Andrew Street transitioned from agricultural uses in the seventeenth century to industrial uses in the eighteentha tannery and ropewalks- then to a residential neighborhood early in the nineteenth century. Benjamin Browne, a wealthy gentleman, sold lots on Andrew Street beginning in 1802. It was in 1804 that Abiezer Washburn purchased a lot and built a house on the site, and not John Clark, as previously believed. The Clarks owned the property until 1855, when the Putnams, who had built the house next door, moved in. The Putnams, Eliza and her son Perley, lived there until the end of the 1870s, when gasfitter Samuel A. Stevens and then his widow, Martha A. owned the property. At the end of the Stevens ownership, it became a two-family house with a constantly changing series of inhabitants. Throughout its whole existence, the house’s inhabitants remained solidly middle-class. It was home to the deputy chief of the Salem Fire Department, a Wenham constable, a stock accumulator for GE during World War II, the manager of a plant in the late 1970s, and a professor and minister in the 1980s. Recently, it has been the home of short-term young tenants with jobs in education or business. 52 of 55 �APPENDICES Appendix A: Table of Ownership of 12 Andrew Street, 1804-1985 Owner Period Owned Price Paid Abiezer Washburn Sep. 1804-1805 $257 John & Sarah Clark Jan. 1805-1855 $640 (Valuation 1850: $1800) Perley Putnam May 1855-June 1879 $ 11 4 0 ( Va l u a t i o n 1 8 6 4 : $1900) Samuel A. & Martha A. June 1879-Oct. 1918 $2200 Stevens Nellie L. Heffernan Oct. 1918-April 1943 $2800 Mary E. Mallon April 1943-July 1946 $3500 Clifford E. & Jane E. Stone July 1946-Oct. 1947 Edward & Anna Beausoliel Oct.1947-Sep 1952 Gardner C. & Mary E. Lee Feb 1954-Sep. 1957 John & Josephine Donald July 1958-Jan. 1964 Edward & Dorothy E. Sonier Jan. 1964-April 1984 John J. Suldenski April 1984-Oct. 1985 (Unit $85,000 #1) & Dec. 1985 (Unit #2) Appendix B: Table of Ownership of 12 Andrew Street, Unit #1, 1985-Present Kathleen A. Weslock (Unit Oct. 1985-Dec. 1986 $113,000 #1) Ann Marie Marr (Unit #1) Dec. 1986-June 1989 $139,000 James E. & Paula J. Gaull June 1989-Dec. 1995 $139,500 (Unit #1) 53 of 55 �Patricia Hanley & Erik Dec. 1995-Nov. 1998 $103,000 Dahlquist (Unit #1) Coleby Mantz (Unit #1) Nov. 1998-Sep. 2014 $119,000 David Sweeney (Unit #1) Sep. 2014-Present $307,000 Appendix C: Table of Ownership of 12 Andrew Street, Unit #2, 1985-Present Charles H. & Joan Kahn Dec. 1985-July 1986 $140,000 Schneider Alexandra McCagg July 1986-June 1996 $165,000 Pierre-Emmanuel Coudert & June 1996-Dec. 2007 $125,000 Philip B. White Ryan C. Mastro & Jill Kelley Michelle & Dec. 2007-Jan. 2011 $313,000 P e t e r Jan. 2011-Sep. 2014 $315,000 Hollingworth Laxmi & Jason Tierney Sep. 2014-Present $339,000 Appendix D: The Builders and Approximate Dates of the Houses on Andrew Street # Builder (Profession) Year 4 Charles Miller (Merchant), as a stable 1877 6 William Ropes (Tinman) 1807 7-9 Likely Samuel Tibbets (Bricklayer) 1803 8 Samuel Masury, Jr. (Mariner) c. 1802 10-10½ Perley Putnam (Housewright) 1803-5 11 Either Timothy Tibbets (Bricklayer) or Benjamin Babbidge (Mariner) 1805 or 1809 54 of 55 �12 Abiezer Washburn (Housewright) 1804 13 John Brooks (Carpenter) c. 1845 14 James Brooks (Housewright) c. 1805 15 John Battis (Cooper) c. 1870 16-18 Lemuel Payson (Hatter) 1808 17 Perhaps Benjamin Babbidge (Mariner) c. 1805 19 Nathan Johnson (Cordwainer) and Levi Macomber (Bricklayer) 1805-6 20 Samuel Henderson (Shipwright) c. 1804 21 Unknown 1810-20 22 Laommi Coburn (Mason) 1804-8 23 Likely John Fairfield (Merchant) c. 1807 24 John Fairfield (Merchant) 1806 25-27 Unknown 1881 26 Frederick W. Putnam (Printer & Curator) c. 1868 29 Jonathan Tucker (Weigher) c. 1855 30 John Henry Carey (Merchant) 1879 33-35 Aaron Nourse (Clerk) c. 1850 55 of 55 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Street Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12 Andrew Street, Salem MA 01970 Subject The topic of the resource House History Description An account of the resource Built by Abiezer Washburn, Housewright 1804 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource David Moffat, Historic Salem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Historic Salem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Historic Salem