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History of owners and some occupants
16 River Street, Salem
By Robert Booth, July 2017
According to available evidence, this house was built for Robert Wallis, cabinet
maker, in 1787. It was later the home of William Knight, cordwainer, and family;
Joseph N. Smith, cordwainer, and family; Alice (Poor) Ross, widow; William
Phelps Jr., joiner, and family; and Michael Little, laborer, and family and
descendants.
In July, 1787, for 50 Ii Robert Wallis, cabinet maker, bought from John
Woodbury, housewright, a piece ofland and buildings at the lower end ofthenBeckford's Lane (now River Street) (ED 148:106). In those days, the topography
was different here: this was a head ofland that projected into the North River,
which was a wide tidal sheet of water, navigable at high tide. The lot fronted
about 47' on the street and included the flats (shore) of the North River and the
use of a nearby well. It was described as comprising 14 ¼ poles of land, bounded
south 2 poles 14' on the street, west 5 poles (about 83') on Stephen Driver's
homestead, north on the river 3 poles l' 9", and east on land of Joseph Saul 4
poles 14'. Likely the "buildings" were sheds. It was the same lot that Mr.
Woodbury had bought of the Beckfords in October, 1784, the same having been
set off to Edward Southwick in October, 1783, per the deed to Mr. Wallis. Several
years later, in December, 1796, Mrs. Lydia Bickford claimed a dower right in the
same land and Robert Wallis paid her $40 to clear the title (ED 162:54).
Robert Wallis (1764-1824) was born in Ipswich, one of the three sons ofa
prosperous farmer, Robert Wallis, and Eunice Brown. The other boys were Moses
and William. As a boy circa 1778 (the Revolutionary War was under way),
Robert was apprenticed to learn the trade of a cabinet maker (maker of furniture),
probably in Ipswich. After the war, he came to the seaport of Salem and began
work as a journeyman cabinet maker. He was a good singer, and joined the
singing school of the East Church (Rev. William Bentley) in 1785. He was a
member of the North Singing School too (per Bentley). There may be sources
relating to the style and quality of Mr. Wallis's furniture output. He is mentioned
in Luke Beckerdite's American Furniture (p. 198).
�Robert Wallis (1764-1824), son of Robert Wallis & Eunice Brown of Ipswich,
died 2 Oct. 1824, of dysentery, in Salem. Hem. 13 Dec. 1787 Mary (Polly)
Aveson (1766-1823), daughter of Richard Aveson & Hannah Punchard of Salem,
died 20 March 1823, of consumption. He perhaps m/2 26 Aug. 1824 Rebecca
Hovey (1781-1833). Known issue:
1. Robert, 1788, died 1 April 1850, of palsy; insane
2. Eunice, 1794, died 1 Nov. 1866, of opium overdose.
In some places, the post-war loss of the former colonial connections and trade
routes was devastating, for Americans were prohibited from trading with most
British possessions; but in Salem, the merchants and mariners were ready to push
their ships and cargoes into all parts of the known world. They did so with
astonishing success. For a period of about 25 years, Salem was a famous center of
commercial enterprise: by competing fiercely, pioneering new routes, and
opening and dominating new markets, Salem won a high place in the world.
Hasket Derby, William Gray, Eben Beckford, and Joseph Peabody were the
town's commercial leaders. In 1784, Derby began trade with Russia; and in 1784
and 1785 he dispatched trading vessels to Africa and China, respectively.
Voyages to India soon followed, and to the Spice Islands and Pepper Islands
(Sumatra, Java, Malaya, etc.).
Salem was a boom-town, in which widespread prosperity fueled much
new construction and high demand for new goods and fine furnishings.
Robert Wallis was no doubt prospering, perhaps in partnership with other
cabinet makers; when just 23 he purchased a lot on River Street for 50 Ii; and
there he had a modest house built as the family residence. "Cape Driver", as this
locale was known, was not a prestigious neighborhood. In the 1700s most of the
land here was owned by the Beckford family; Stephen Driver in 1777 built a
house on the point here, overlooking the North River; and Benjamin Goodhue
Esq. laid out Lynn Street and perhaps some of the other roads between Federal
Street and the river. The lots were sold mainly to people of modest means or to
those who built houses for tenant income.
Robert Wallis hired a contractor to build his house and perhaps moved in
that same year, 1787. This was among the first houses built hereabouts.
In August, 1788, for 34 li Mr. Wallis bought a lot on the main street (now
upper Essex), but he flipped the lot for a 16 li profit in July, 1789 (ED 147:275,
148:138). In June, 1788, he bought from Edward Southwick, Danvers tanner, for
10.10.0 a comer lot, probably at now-Lynn and now-Andover streets (ED
153:253). In February, 1792, he sold the same for 11.8.0 to Joseph Ross,
housewright (ED 155:151). Mr. Ross built a house thereon.
By the 1790s, the new foreign-trade markets brought great riches to the Salem
merchants, and raised the level of wealth throughout the town: new ships were
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�bought and built, more crews were formed with more shipmasters, new shops and
stores opened, new partnerships were formed, and new people moved to town.
There was quite an influx from Ipswich, like Robert and his brother Moses, a
trader who would become a merchant.
In 1792 a group of merchants founded Salem's first bank, the Essex Bank,
although it "existed in experiment a long time before it was incorporated," per
Rev. William Bentley. From a population of7921 in 1790, the town would grow
by 1500 persons in a decade. At the same time, thanks to the economic policies of
Alexander Hamilton, Salem vessels were able to transport foreign cargoes taxfree and essentially to serve as the neutral carrying fleet for both Britain and
France, which were at war with each other.
In 1790 (per the census, p. 580, col. one), the Wallises resided here (#16).
The house is listed between the houses of Stephen Driver and William Ferguson.
Soon they moved to a new house on the main street (now 355 Essex Street site).
In June, 1789, for 61.5.0 Ii, Robert had purchased from a Boston family a quarter
share in the old Edward Kitchen Turner homestead; and Mr. Wallis had a house
built fronting on the street. His land became extremely valuable when, in 1798,
Chestnut Street was put through along its base line; and Mr. Wallis soon opened a
way now known as Hamilton Street. The Wallis family would reside for many
years in the new house on now-Essex Street.
In the late 1790s, there was agitation in Congress to go to war with France,
which was at war with England. After President Adams' negotiators were
rebuffed by the French leaders in 1797, a quasi-war with France began in
summer, 1798, much to the horror of Salem's George Crowninshield family
(father and five shipmaster sons), which had an extensive trade with the French,
and whose ships and cargos in French ports were susceptible to seizure. The
quasi-war brought about a political split within the Salem population. Those who
favored war with France (and detente with England) aligned themselves with the
national Federalist party, led by Hamilton and Salem's Timothy Pickering (the
U.S. Secretary of State). These included most of the merchants, led locally by the
Derby family. Those who favored peace with republican France were the AntiFederalists, who later became aligned with Pres. Jefferson and his DemocraticRepublican party; they were led locally by the Crowninshields. For the first few
years of this rivalry, the Federalists prevailed; but after the death ofHasket
"King" Derby in 1799 his family's power weakened.
In 1800, a tenant occupied this house, probably with a family. In that year,
Adams negotiated peace with France and fired Pickering, his oppositional
Secretary of State. Salem's Federalists merchants erupted in anger, expressed
through their newspaper, the Salem Gazette. At the same time, British vessels
began to harass American shipping. Salem owners bought more cannon and shot,
and kept pushing their trade to the farthest ports of the rich East, while also
maintaining trade with the Caribbean and Europe. Salem cargos were exceedingly
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�valuable, and Salem was a major center for distribution of merchandise
throughout New England: "the streets about the wharves were alive with teams
loaded with goods for all parts of the country. It was a busy scene with the
coming and going of vehicles, some from long distances, for railroads were then
unknown and all transportation must be carried on in wagons and drays. In the
taverns could be seen teamsters from all quarters sitting around the open fire in
the chilly evenings, discussing the news of the day or making merry over
potations of New England rum, which Salem manufactured in abundance" (from
Hurd's History of Essex County, 1888, p. 65).
The Crowninshields, led by brother Jacob, were especially successful, as
their holdings rose from three vessels in 1800 to several in 1803. Their bailiwick,
the Derby Street district, seemed almost to be a foreign country: in the stores,
parrots chattered and monkeys cavorted, and from the warehouses wafted the
exotic aromas of Sumatran spices and Arabian coffee beans. From the wharves
were carted all manner of strange fruits and blue and red patterned china and piles
of gorgeous silks and figured cloths. The greatest of the Salem merchants at this
time was William "Billy" Gray, who owned 36 large vessels--15 ships, 7 barks,
13 brigs, 1 schooner--by 1808. Salem was then still a town, and a small one by
our standards, with a total population of about 9,500 in 1800. Its politics were
fierce, and polarized everything. The two factions attended separate churches,
held separate parades, and supported separate schools, military companies, and
newspapers. Salem's merchants resided mainly on two streets: Washington
(which ended in a wharf on the Inner Harbor, and, above Essex, had the Town
House in the middle) and Essex (particularly between what are now Hawthorne
Boulevard and North Street). The East Parish (Derby Street area) was for the
seafaring families, shipmasters, sailors, and fishermen. In the 1790s, Federal
Street, known as New Street, had more empty lots than fine houses. Chestnut
Street did not exist: its site was a meadow. The Common was not yet Washington
Square, and was covered with hillocks, small ponds and swamps, utility buildings,
and the alms-house. As the 19th century advanced, Salem's commercial prosperity
would sweep almost all of the great downtown houses away (the brick Joshua
Ward house, built 1784, is a notable exception).
The town's merchants were among the wealthiest in the country, and, in
Samuel McIntire (1757-1811 ), they had a local architect who could help them
realize their desires for large and beautiful homes in the latest style. While a few
of the many new houses went up in the old Essex-Washington Street axis, most
were erected on or near Washington Square or in the Federalist "west end"
(Chestnut, Federal, and upper Essex Streets). The architectural style (called
"Federal" today) had been developed by the Adam brothers in England and
featured fanlight doorways, palladian windows, elongated pilasters and columns,
and large windows. It was introduced to New England by Charles Bulfinch in
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�1790. The State House in Boston was his first institutional composition; and soon
Beacon Hill was being built up with handsome residences in the Bulfinch manner.
A new bank, the Salem Bank, was formed in 1803, and there were two
insurance companies and several societies and associations. The fierce politics
and commercial rivalries continued. The ferment of the times is captured in the
diary of Rev. William Bentley, bachelor minister of Salem's East Church and
editor of the Register newspaper. His diary is full of references to the civic and
commercial doings of the town, and to the lives and behaviors of all classes of
society. On Union Street, not far from Bentley's church, on the fourth of July,
1804, was born Nathaniel Hawthorne, whose father would die of fever with most ·
ofhis crew while on a voyage to the Caribbean in 1808. This kind of untimely
death was all too typical of Salem's young seafarers, who fell prey to malaria and
other diseases of the Caribbean and Pacific tropics.
In 1806 the Derbys extended their wharf far out into the harbor, tripling its
previous length. This they did to create more space for warehouses and shipberths in the deeper water, at just about the time that the Crowninshields had built
their great India Wharf at the foot of now-Webb Street. The other important
wharves were Forrester's (now Central, just west of Derby Wharf), and Union
Wharf at the foot of Union Street; and then, father to the west, a number of
smaller wharves extended into the South River (filled in during the late 1800s), all
the way to the foot of Washington Street. Each had a warehouse or two, and
shops for artisans (coopers, blockmakers, joiners, etc.). The waterfront between
Union Street and Washington Street also had lumber yards and several ship
chandleries and distilleries, with a Market House at the foot of Central Street,
below the Custom House. The wharves and streets were crowded with shoppers,
gawkers, hawkers, sailors, artisans ("mechanics"), storekeepers, and teamsters;
and just across the way, on Stage Point along the south bank of the South River,
wooden barks and brigs and ships were being built in the shipyards.
Salem's boom ended with a crash in January, 1808, when Jefferson and
the Congress imposed an embargo on all shipping in hopes of forestalling war
with Britain. The Embargo, widely reviled in New England, proved futile and
nearly ruinous in Salem, where commerce ceased. As a hotbed ofDemocraticRepublicanism, Salem's East Parish and its seafarers, led by the Crowninshields,
loyally supported the Embargo until it was lifted in spring, 1809. Shunned by the
other Salem merchants for his support of the Embargo, the eminent Billy Gray
took his large fleet of ships-fully one-third of Salem's tonnage-and moved to
Boston, whose commerce was thereby much augmented. Gray's removal
eliminated a huge amount of Salem wealth, shipping, import-export cargos, and
local employment. Gray soon switched from the Federalist party, and was elected
Lt. Governor under Gov. Elbridge Gerry, a native of Marblehead.
5
�On July 6, 1810, Robert Wallis for $600 sold this house and land (#16) to
William Knight, a cordwainer (shoemaker), who may already have been the
tenant here (ED 192:41). Mr. Knight for $500 mortgaged the same to Mr. Wallis,
who would discharge the loan in 1816 (ED 119:171). The lot was described as
containing 14 ¼ poles, as before. William Knight's wife Abigail (Pun chard)
Knight was a cousin of Mrs. Polly (Aveson) Wallis, whose mother was a
Punchard. Abigail's step-mother was Mrs. Alice (Oaks) Poor-Punchard, whose
daughter Alice (Poor) Ross would someday own this house. The homestead
would continue to be owned by Punchard-connected relatives into the 1870s.
The Wallis Family after 1810
The Wallises had only a brief occupancy of this house (# 16) but their subsequent
history is worth noting. The family's personal life was blighted when Robert and
Polly's only son, Robert Jr., became insane by 1816, when he was consigned to
the bridewell of the Salem Alms House. He was totally mad, and unable to care
for himself (declaration of non compos, 31 Dec. 1816, #28872). Their other child,
daughter Eunice, then 22, resided with her parents.
By 1812 Mr. Wallis had become a yeoman (crop farmer), like his father,
who resided on a large farm in Ipswich. Robert's brother Moses had moved to
Salem and become a merchant; their brother William, a cabinet maker, resided at
Montreal. In 1812 and 1814 Robert purchased a couple of rights in the Great
Pasture, off Boston Street, which he may have used for grazing sheep or cattle
(ED 223:187). He continued to develop his land along the west side of Hamilton
Street. In addition to his own house at the corner of Essex Street, he built two
other houses there and allowed Samuel Field McIntire, carver and joiner (son of
Samuel McIntire the architect and carver), to build a modest house on the Wallis
land. Mr. McIntire died and his widow Elizabeth and children continued there.
After her death, Robert Wallis, yeoman, in August, 1820, bought the McIntire
house which already stood on his land (ED 225: 100). It was two stories in height
and had a footprint o/24' by 16' with a pantry of 12' by 9' attached.
In March, 1823, Mrs. Polly (Aveson) Wallis died of consumption
(tuberculosis), leaving her husband, son, and daughter. In April, 1824, Robert's
father Robert Wallis of Ipswich died at 87, making Robert an heir of a valuable
Ipswich estate, including much farmland. In April, 1824, Robert was again
described as a cabinet maker, when, for $91, he and his brother William,
Montreal cabinet maker, purchased a piece of salt marsh in Ipswich from their
father's estate (ED 235:138). Their brother Moses, Salem merchant, had died
years before.
A Robert Wallis married Rebecca Hovey (1786-1833) in August, 1824, in
Salem.
6
�On Oct. 2, 1824, Robert Wallis died, aged sixty, of the effects of dysentery.
To his two children he left a very valuable estate, including much land in Danvers
and Ipswich, as well as the houses and land on Hamilton Street, Salem. Robert's
daughter Eunice Wallis, thirty, continued to reside in the house on Essex Street,
as she would for the rest of her life evidently. She never married. Her mother's
cousin, John Punchard Esq. (1763-1857), the town clerk and a judge, took on the
responsibility of the insane Robert Wallis Jr., and faithfully and astutely managed
his property for 26 years, until Robert's death, from palsy, on April 1, 1850, in the
62d year of a tragic life.
Eunice Wallis, of no known occupation, rented out rooms in her house and
leased the houses on Hamilton Street to tenants. In the 1830 census (p. 455), we
find her in her Essex Street house with two other women, one in her 20s and one
in her 30s. In 1846 she was listed in the Salem Directory as residing at 2
Hamilton Street. She had a cousin, Miss Eunice Wells Wallis (1804-1853) who
lived nearby in 1851 (at then-368 Essex Street).
In 1850 (per census, house 349) Eunice, 54, shared her house with the
family of James Harron, 60, a shoemaker with four children.
Eunice Wallis was 72 years old when she died in November, 1866, in
sensational fashion. The cause of her demise was an overdose of opium.
William Knight, the new owner ofthis house (#16) as of 1810, was a native of
Manchester, Mass. He was apprenticed to a cordwainer (shoemaker), and had
come to Salem by April, 1807, when he married Abigail Punchard, the daughter
ofa mariner, Samuel Punchard. They would live here (evidently) for about 12
years.
William Knight (b. Dec. 1783, Manchester, Mass., son of John Knight and
Susannah Allen, died Salem March 6, 1865, 82nd year. Hem. 14 April 1807
Abigail Punchard, daughter of Samuel Punchard. He m/2 3 Oct.1848 Mary Ford
(born c.1778). Known issue:
1. William, married and had sons William and Henry.
2. Philinda, m. Nathaniel W. Sanders
3. Abigail, m. John D. Winn
4. Mary
5. Susan, m. William H. Dwyer
6. Elizabeth, m. Ezra Woodbury
7. Martha, m. Dean C. Symonds
8. Harriet, 1826, m. P. Derby
9. James, 1829
7
�Salem resumed its seafaring commerce for three years, but still the British
preyed on American shipping; and in June, 1812, war was declared against
Britain.
Although the merchants had tried to prevent the war, when it came, Salem swiftly
fitted out 40 privateers manned by Marblehead and Salem crews, who also served
on U.S. Navy vessels, including the frigate Constitution. Many more local vessels
could have been sent against the British, but some of the Federalist merchants
held them back. In addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and artillery.
Salem and Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making prizes of
British supply vessels. While many of the town's men were wounded in
engagements, and some were killed, the possible riches of privateering kept the
men returning to sea as often as possible. The first prizes were captured by a 30ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame, and by a 14-ton luxury yacht fitted
with one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem privateers, the Crowninshields' 350-ton
ship America was most successful: she captured 30-plus prizes worth more than
$1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the British
warships that cruised these waters. On land, the war went poorly for the United
States, as the British captured Washington, DC, and burned the Capitol and the
White House. Along the western frontier, U.S. forces were successful against the
weak English forces; and, as predicted by many, the western expansionists had
their day. At sea, as time wore on, Salem vessels were captured, and its men
imprisoned or killed. After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town
dry. Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British prison-ships and at
Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in 1814, New England
Federalist delegates met to consider what they could do to bring the war to a close
and to restore the region's commerce. Sen. Timothy Pickering of Salem led the
extreme Federalists in proposing a series of demands which, if not met by the
federal government, could lead to New England's seceding from the United
States; but the Pickering faction was countered by Harrison G. Otis of Boston and
the moderate Federalists, who prevailed in sending a moderate message to
Congress.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored. Post-war, the Salem merchants
rebuilt their fleets and resumed their worldwide trade, slowly at first, and then to
great effect. Many new partnerships were formed. The pre-war partisan politics
of the town were not resumed post-war, as the middle-class "mechanics"
(artisans) became more powerful and brought about civic harmony, largely
through the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association (founded 1817). Rev.
William Bentley, keen observer and active citizen during Salem's time of greatest
8
�prosperity and fiercest political divisions, died in 1819, the year in which a new
U.S. Custom House was built in 1819, on the site of the George Crowninshield
mansion, at the head of Derby Wharf. Into the 1820s foreign trade continued
prosperous; and new markets were opened with Madagascar (1820), which
supplied tallow and ivory, and Zanzibar (1825), whence came coffee, ivory, and
gum copal, used to make varnish. This opened a huge and lucrative trade in
which Salem dominated, and its vessels thus gained access to all of the east
African ports.
Salem's general maritime foreign commerce fell off sharply in the late 1820s.
Imports in Salem ships were supplanted by the goods that were now being
produced in great quantities in America. The interior of the country was being
opened for settlement, and some Salemites moved away. To the north, the falls of
the Merrimack River powered large new textile mills (Lowell was founded in
1823), which created great wealth for their investors; and in general it seemed that
the tide of opportunity was ebbing away from Salem. In an ingenious attempt to
stem the flow of talent from the town and to harness its potential water power for
manufacturing, Salem's merchants and capitalists banded together in 1826 to raise
the money to dam the North River for industrial power. The project, which began
with much promise, was suspended in 1827, which demoralized the town even
more, and caused several leading citizens to move to Boston, the hub of
investment in the new economy.
In February, 18 I 8, for$ I 075, William Knight purchased a house to the
east on River Street and probably moved to that address (now #6); and he retained
this house (#16) for rental income for a while. On 28 March 1822 William Knight
sold this (#16) homestead for $350 to cordwainer Joseph Newhall Smith, to
whom Mr. Knight gave back a mortgage for the full amount (ED 229:173).
Joseph N. Smith (1798-1878) was a native of Danvers, born in 1798. He
married Harriet Bryant of Salem and evidently they resided on Federal Street in
1820 (per census, p. I 05).
Joseph Newhall Smith (1798-1878), born Danvers 1798, son of John Smith and
Susanna Newhall, died April 1878, Boston. He mil 21 Jan. 1820 (Salem) Harriet
Bryant (1800-1848), died Charlestown, consumption, 29 March 1848. He m/2
1849 Mary P. Batchelder, by whom he had more children. Known issue by
Harriet:
1. Joseph N, bp. 8 May 1825
2. Frederick Nathan, 1839-1877.
3. Harriet A., 1844-1895.
4. others?
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�Things did not work out with the mortgage, and Mr. Knight foreclosed. In
April, 1825, Mr. Smith reconveyed to Mr. Knight his right in the homestead for
$10 (ED 239:2). Subsequently the Smiths removed to Charlestown and he became
a prison officer. His wife Harriet would die in 1848; and he married, second,
Mary Batchelder, with whom he would have more children.
William Knight, again the owner, rented out the house for income to
tenants. In February, 1828, for $450, he sold the place to a widow, "Alsy" Ross
(ED 249:22). Mr. Knight would continue as a cordwainer for many years. His first
wife Abigail Punchard died, and he married, second, in 1848, Mary Ford. By
1850 he, 66, was residing on Federal Street, with wife Mary, 72, and his children
James, 21, a mariner, and Harriet, 24 (house 567). In 1860 William Knight, 77,
was residing on River Street and working as a boat builder (house 2095). He
would die on March 5, 1865, in his 82nd year. At that time he owned #6 and #8
River Street.
Alsy Ross (1778-1860) was Mrs. Alice (Poor) Ross, the widow of Joseph Ross
(1770-1825), of this neighborhood. The census of 1830 (p. 384) lists Alsy Ross
and son Joseph Ross (1802-1872) residing hereabouts, probably in this house
(#16).
Alice/Alsy Poor, born in 1778, was the daughter of Henry Poor and Sally
Oaks (1753-1836). Her father died before Alice was ten; and her mother married,
second, 1788, Samuel Punchard, mariner, of this neighborhood. Alsy married
1794 Joseph Ross Jr., a housewright; they had several children and resided on
Lynn Street in a house built by Joseph's father on land that had been owned by
Robert Wallis. They sold the house for $600 in 1823; and Joseph would die in
1825, leaving Alice with the job of raising the children; Henry, Sally F., Joseph,
Abigail, Nathaniel, William, Hannah, Philinda C., David, and Alice/ Alse Jr.
Alse's daughter Sally died in 1826, aged 24 years, and Alice P. (who probably
resided here 1828-1830) would die in April, 1833, aged 14 years. The son David
Ross (1818-1844) worked as a wheelwright and married Harriet B. before his
untimely death. Alsy' s son Joseph Ross married 1830 Martha Derby Parnell. Mrs.
Alsy/ Alice (Poor) Ross would die on 22 Nov. 1840, aged 62 years.
In January, 1830, Mrs. Alice Ross sold the homestead for $313 to joiner
William Phelps (ED 255:159). Mr. Phelps mortgaged the same for $168 to the
former owner, cordwainer William Knight. William Phelps was the founder of a
sash and blind manufacturing business which he conducted with his sons. He was
four-times married, first to Hannah Holt (1781 ), next to Sally Punchard (1792),
next to Betsy Richardson of Beverly (1804), and finally to Elizabeth Bowen
(1822). He had at least one son, John Punchard Phelps, by Sally Punchard,
through whom he was connected to both Robert Wallis and William Knight.
William Phelps Sr. probably did not reside here, for in October, 1830, for $600 he
10
�sold the same to his son, William Phelps Jr., joiner (ED 258:251). The house
would be occupied by William Phelps Jr. and family for the next 43 years.
William Jr.'s older half-brother John P. Phelps would (1835) marry Lucy C.
Phelps, the sister of William Jr.'s wife Sally.
In 1830 occurred a horrifying crime that brought disgrace to Salem. Old Capt.
Joseph White, a wealthy merchant, resided in the house now called the GardnerPingree house, on Essex Street. One night, intruders broke into his mansion and
stabbed him to death. All of Salem buzzed with the news of murderous thugs; but
the killer was a Crowninshield ( a fallen son of one of the five brothers; after he
was put in jail he killed himself). He had been hired by his friends, Capt. White's
own relatives, Capt. Joseph Knapp and his brother Frank (they would be
executed). The results of the investigation and trial having uncovered much that
was lurid, more of the respectable families quit the now-notorious town.
As the decade wore on, Salem's remaining merchants had to take their
equity out of wharves and warehouses and ships and put it into manufacturing and
transportation, as the advent ofrailroads and canals diverted both capital and trade
away from the coast. Some merchants did not make the transition, and were
ruined. Old-line areas of work, like rope-making, sail-making, and ship
chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared. Salem slumped badly, but,
despite all, the voters decided to charter their town as a city in 1836-the third
city to be formed in the state, behind Boston and Lowell. City Hall was built
1837-8 and the city seal was adopted with an already-anachronistic Latin motto of
''to the farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!"
The Panic ofl837, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even
more Salem families to head west in search of fortune and a better future.
Salem had not prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural
advantages. The North River served not to power factories but mainly to flush the
waste from the 25 tanneries that had set up along its banks. Throughout the
1830s, the leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy for their fellow
citizens, many of whom were mariners without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity,
ambition, and hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant
built in 1818 in North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and blue
vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business. Salem's whalefishery, active for many years in the early 1800s, led, in the 1830s, to the
manufacturing of high-quality candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils.
The candles proved very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and
grew large after 1830, when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River were
retooled for making high-quality white lead and sheet lead (the approach to
11
�Marblehead is still called Lead Mills Hill, although the empty mill buildings
burned down in 1960s).
These enterprises were a start in a new direction for Salem. In 1838 the
Eastern Rail Road, headquartered in Salem, began operating between Boston and
Salem, which gave the local people a route to the region's largest market. The
new tracks ran over the middle of the Mill Pond; the tunnel under Washington
Street was built in 1839; the line was extended to Newburyport in 1840.
In 1840 (per census, p. 300), the house was listed as occupied by William
Phelps Jr. and family. William Knight was still residing as now-6 River Street; the
neighbors preceding Mr. Phelps in the listing were S. Healy and Mrs. H. Currier;
those after were E. Walsh and Mrs. Skerry.
William Phelps Jr. (1813-1873), son of William & Betsy Phelps, died 23 May
1873. Hem. I Nov. 1831 (Glaue.) Hannah Dane Phelps of Gloucester, b. 11 Jan.
1809, dtr. of Henry Phelps Esq. &Mary Forbes Coffin. Known issue:
1. Mary Forbes, 1836, m. Addison Center of Gloucester.
2. William Henry, 1839, moved to California.
3. Elizalnnis, 1841, never married.
4. Charles S., 1845, died young.
5. others?
In the 1840s, as more industrial methods and machines were introduced, new
companies in new lines of business arose in Salem. The tanning and curing of
leather was very important by the mid-1800s. On and near Boston Street, along
the upper North River, there were 41 tanneries in 1844, and 85 in 1850,
employing 550 hands. The leather business would continue to grow in
importance throughout the 1800s. In 1846 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company
completed the construction at Stage Point of the largest factory building in the
United States, 60' wide by 400' long. It was an immediate success, and hundreds
of people found employment there, many of them living in tenements built
nearby. Also in the 1840s, a new method was introduced to make possible highvolume industrial shoe production. In Lynn, the factory system was perfected, and
that city became the nation's leading shoe producer. Salem had shoe factories too,
and attracted shoe workers from outlying towns and the countryside. Even the
population changed, as hundreds oflrish families, fleeing the Famine in Ireland,
settled in Salem and gave the industrialists a big pool of cheap labor.
The Gothic symbol of Salem's new industrial economy was the large twintowered granite train station-the "stone depot"-smoking and growling with
12
�idling locomotives, standing on filled-in land at the foot of Washington Street,
where before had been the merchants' wharves. In the face of all this change,
some members of Salem's waning merchant class continued to pursue their seaborne businesses; but even the conditions of shipping changed, and Salem was
left on the ebb tide. In the late 1840s, giant clipper ships replaced the smaller
vessels that Salem men had sailed around the world; and the clippers, with their
deep drafts and large holds, were usually too large for Salem and its harbor. The
town's shipping soon consisted oflittle more than Zanzibar-trade vessels and
visits from Down East coasters with cargoes of fuel wood and building timber.
By 1850 Salem was about finished as a working port. A picture of Salem's sleepy
waterfront is given by Hawthorne in his mean-spirited "introductory section" to
The Scarlet Letter, which he began while working in the Custom House.
In the 1855 census (house 136), we find William Phelps Jr., 42, sash & blind
maker, Hannah D., 40, Mary, 18, William, 15, and Eliza, 13.
Salem's growth continued through the 1850s, as business and industries
expanded, the population swelled, new churches ( e.g. Immaculate Conception,
1857) were started, new working-class neighborhoods were developed (especially
in North Salem and South Salem, off Boston Street, and along the Mill Pond
behind the Broad Street graveyard), and new schools, factories, and stores were
built. A second, larger, factory building for the N aumkeag Steam Cotton
Company was added in 1859, down at Stage Point, where a new Methodist
Church went up, and many neat homes, boarding-houses, and stores were erected
along the streets between Lafayette and Congress. The tanning business
continued to boom, as better and larger tanneries were built along Boston Street
and Mason Street; and subsidiary industries sprang up as well, most notably the
J.M. Anderson glue-works on the Turnpike (Highland Avenue).
As it re-established itself as an economic powerhouse, Salem took a strong
interest in national politics. It was primarily Republican, and strongly antislavery, with its share of outspoken abolitionists, led by Charles Remand, a
passionate speaker who came from one of the city's notable black families. At its
Lyceum (on Church Street) and in other venues, plays and shows were put on, but
cultural lectures and political speeches were given too.
In 1860 (per census, house 2085) this house was occupied by William
Phelps, 51, sash and blind maker, $1400, $500, wife Hannah D., and children
Mary F., 21, Eliza J., 18, and William, 12. Next door (#14) were the Staffords. At
#6 were old William Knight, 77, a boatbuilder now, and wife Mary, 82; he had
owned this house (# 16) starting back in 1810.
By 1860, with the election of Abraham Lincoln, it was clear that the
Southern states would secede from the union; and Salem, which had done so
13
�much to win the independence of the nation, was ready to go to war to force
others to remain a part of it.
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years, during
which hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy, and many were killed
or died of disease or abusive treatment while imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered
wounds, or broken health. The people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to
alleviate the suffering of the soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was
great celebration when the war finally ended in the spring of 1865.
Through the 1860s, Salem pursued manufacturing, especially ofleather
and shoes and textiles. The managers and capitalists tended to build their new,
grand houses along Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of
Roslyn Street; many are in the French Second Empire style, with mansard roofs).
A third factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was built in
1865.
1n 1870 Salem received its last cargo from Zanzibar, thus ending a onceimportant trade. By then, a new Salem & New York freight steamboat line was in
operation. Seven years later, with the arrival ofa vessel from Cayenne, Salem's
foreign trade came to an end. After that, "the merchandise warehouses on the
wharves no longer contained silks from India, tea from China, pepper from
Sumatra, coffee from Arabia, spices from Batavia, gum-copal from Zanzibar,
hides from Africa, and the various other products of far-away countries. The boys
have ceased to watch on the Neck for the incoming vessels, hoping to earn a
reward by being the first to announce to the expectant merchant the safe return of
his looked-for vessel. The foreign commerce of Salem, once her pride and glory,
has spread its white wings and sailed away forever" (Rev. George Bachelder in
History of Essex County, II: 65).
1n 1870 (per census, house 150) this house was occupied by William
Phelps Jr., 61, sash & blind maker, $1500, wife Hannah Phelps, 59, keeping
house, Eliza J., 24, teacher, and Sarah, 47, no occupation. Sarah was perhaps a
younger sister of William.
Salem was now so densely built-up that a general conflagration was
always a possibility, as in Boston, when, on Nov. 9, 1872, the financial and
manufacturing district of the city burned up. Salem continued to prosper in the
1870s, carried forward by the leather-making business. In 1874 the city was
visited by a tornado and shaken by a minor earthquake. In the following year, the
large Pennsylvania Pier (site of the present coal-fired harborside electrical
generating plant) was completed to begin receiving large shipments of coal.
Beyond it, at Juniper Point, a new owner began subdividing the old Allen
farmlands into a new development called Salem Willows and Juniper Point. 1n
the U.S. centennial year, 1876, A.G. Bell of Salem announced that he had
discovered a way to transmit voices over telegraph wires.
14
�On May 23, 1873, William Phelps (Jr.), the owner, died, aged sixty years.
His children conveyed the homestead to their mother, Mrs. Hannahy D. (Phelps)
Phelps; and on November 6, 1873, for $1500 she sold the same to Ann, the wife
of Michael Little (ED 889:294, 892:221). Mrs. Little mortgaged it back to Mrs.
Phelps for $1000 (ED 892:221)
Michael Little (1836-1917) was from Galway, Ireland, and arrived in the U.S.
through the port of New York on Feb. 26, 1853 (per his 1876 citizenship papers).
He was in Salem by 1855, working as a currier in the booming leather industry. In
1855 he resided in this neighborhood, in a boarding house run by Patrick "Keith"
(sic; Keefe); Michael Little, 20, born Ireland, currier, resided there with, among
others, James O'Neill, 30, currier, and Henry Crowley, 26, currier. In 1856 he
married Anastasia Collins, born in Ireland; she was known as Ann. They had
children Thomas, John, and Mary in quick succession; and in 1860 (per census,
house 2086). they were residing in a three-family house very close to #16. The
Littles were also caring for a baby named Martin Finnegan; and they had pet
dogs.
In 1865 Michael Little, 30, laborer, was listed with wife Ann, 30, as
parents of five children, living in a four-family house in this neighborhood, not far
from the family of John Little, born Ireland, 35, currier, perhaps Michael's brother
(house 426).
Michel Little (1836-1917), born 9 Feb. 1836, Galway, Ireland, died 13 Feb. 1917,
Salem. He m.1856Anastasia Collins (1835-1898, b. Ireland), died 28 March
1898. Known issue:
1. Thomas F., 1857
2. JohnH., 1859
3. Mary A., 1860
4. Katy, 1862
5. Delia, 1865
6. Margaret, 1868
7. Ellen, 1870, m. Michael Harkens
8. Sarah J., 1872, m. John J. McLaughlin.
9. Michael, Jan. 1874, m. Florence E.
10. Martin, 1876
In this decade, French-Canadian families began coming to work
Salem's mills and factories, and more houses and tenements were built.
better-off workers bought portions of older houses or built small homes
families in the outlying sections of the city; and by 1879 the N aumkeag
in
The
for their
Steam
15
�Cotton mills would employ 1200 people and produce annually nearly 15 million
yards of cloth. Shoe-manufacturing businesses expanded in the 1870s, and 40
shoe factories were employing 600-plus operatives. Tanning, in both Salem and
Peabody, remained a very important industry, and employed hundreds of
breadwinners. On Boston Street in 1879, the Arnold tannery caught fire and
burned down.
In the 1880s and 1890s, Salem kept building infrastructure; and new
businesses arose, and established businesses expanded. Retail stores prospered;
horse-drawn trolleys ran every which-way; and machinists, carpenters,
millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. In 1880, Salem's manufactured
goods were valued at about $8.4 million, of which leather accounted for nearly
half. In the summer of 1886, the Knights of Labor brought a strike against the
manufacturers for a ten-hour day and other concessions; but the manufacturers
imported labor from Maine and Canada, and kept going. The strikers held out,
and there was violence in the streets, and even rioting; but the owners prevailed,
and many of the defeated workers lost their jobs and suffered, with their families,
through a bitter winter.
By the mid-l 880s, Salem's cotton-cloth mills at the Point employed 1400
people who produced about 19 million yards annually, worth about $ 1.5 million.
The city's large shoe factories stood downtown behind the stone depot and on
Dodge and Lafayette Streets. A jute bagging company prospered with plants on
Skerry Street and English Street; its products were sent south to be used in cottonbaling. Salem factories also produced lead, paint, and oil. At the Eastern Railroad
yard on Bridge Street, cars were repaired and even built new. In 1887 the streets
were first lit with electricity, replacing gas-light. The gas works, which had stood
on Northey Street since 1850, was moved to a larger site on Bridge Street in 1888,
opposite the Beverly Shore.
More factories and more people required more space for buildings, more
roads, and more storage areas. This space was created by filling in rivers, harbors,
and ponds. The once-broad North River was filled from both shores, and became
a canal along Bridge Street above the North Bridge. In 1883, the city of Salem
took by eminent domain the shoreline of the North River, which was being filled
in; the taking included the northerly part of the Littles' homestead land (ED
1113 :279). The large and beautiful Mill Pond, which occupied the whole area
between the present Jefferson Avenue, Canal Street, and Loring Avenue, finally
vanished beneath streets, storage areas, junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots.
The South River, too, with its epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a
Custom House built there in 1805) disappeared under the pavement of Riley Plaza
and New Derby Street, and some of its old wharves were joined together with
much in-fill and turned into coal-yards and lumber-yards. Only a canal was left,
running in from Derby and Central Wharves to Lafayette Street.
16
�Mrs. Anastasia (Collins) Little died in March, 1898, aged 64, leaving her
husband Michael, currier, and many children and grandchildren. He would
survive her by almost twenty years.
Salem kept growing. The Canadians were followed in the early 20th
century by large numbers of Polish and Ukrainian families, who settled primarily
in the Derby Street neighborhood.
In 1910 (per census, house 76), this house was occupied by Michael Little,
76, and by John McLaughlin, 38, a shoe factory worker, his wife (Mr. Little's
daughter) Sadie, 34, and their three children, Frank, 12, Annie C., 7, and Alice, 3.
Frank McLaughlin would become a stenographer by 1920; Alice would become a
supervisor at N.E. Tel & Tel.
By the eve of World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that
supported large department stores and large factories of every description. People
from the surrounding towns, and Marblehead in particular, came to Salem to do
their shopping; and its handsome government buildings, as befit the county seat,
were busy with conveyances ofland, lawsuits, and probate proceedings. The
city's politics were lively, and its economy was strong.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street
opposite Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden tanneries.
This fire soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the west wind
was high and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire, and the
next, and out of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of
flame and smoke, wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street, and upper
Broad Street, and then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and other
residential streets. Men and machines could not stop it: the enormous fire crossed
over into South Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods west of Lafayette Street,
then devoured the mansions of Lafayette Street itself, and raged onward into the
tenement district. Despite the combined efforts of heroic fire crews from many
towns and cities, the fire overwhelmed everything in its path: it smashed into the
large factory buildings of the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (Congress
Street), which exploded in an inferno; and it rolled down Lafayette Street and
across the water to Derby Street. There, just beyond Union Street, after a 13-hour
rampage, the monster died, having consumed 250 acres, 1600 houses, and 41
factories, and leaving three dead and thousands homeless. Some people had
insurance, some did not; all received much support and generous donations from
all over the country and the world. It was one of the greatest urban disasters in
the history of the United States, and the people of Salem would take years to
recover from it. Eventually, they did, and many of the former houses and
businesses were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal projects (including Hawthorne
Boulevard, which involved removing old houses and widening old streets) were
put into effect.
17
�Michael Little celebrated his 83m birthday on Friday, Feb. 9, 1917. He
died at home four days later on the 13th • In his obituary he was remembered as "an
old and well known citizen ... He was a currier by trade and worked at that
occupation for years. He was a noted dog fancier. He was a life-long member of
the Young Men's Catholic Temperance Society." He left four sons and six
daughters, 17 grandchildren, and 3 great-grandchildren. The funeral was held
from the home of his daughter, Mrs. Michael Harkins of 120 North Street. 1
In September, 1917, the homestead was sold (by order of Probate Court)
for $900 to this same Ellen F. (Little) Harkins, wife of Michael F. (ED 2374:251).
On 22 July 1922 Mrs. Harkins granted the same to her nephew, J. Frank
McLaughlin; and on Sept. 6, 1922, Mr. McLaughlin sold the place to his parents
Mrs. John J. (Sarah C.) McLaughlin (ED 2522:195, 2528:111). The homestead
remained in the McLaughlin family, descendants of Michael & Anastasia Little,
for many years.
In the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in
1926 was a time of great celebration. The Depression hit in 1929, and continued
through the 1930s. Salem, the county seat and regional retail center, gradually
rebounded, and prospered after World War II through the 1950s and into the
1960s. General Electric, Sylvania, Parker Brothers, Pequot Mills (formerly
Naurnkeag Steam Cotton Co.), Almy's department store, various other large-scale
retailers, and Beverly's United Shoe Machinery Company were all major local
employers.
In 1952, Mrs. Sarah C. McLaughlin received assistance from the city of
Salem but retained ownership of this house (ED 3891 :270). After her death, the
property descended to her daughter Miss Alice L. McLaughlin who resided here
for many years. In October, 1993, she sold the same to herself and Eastern Bank
& Trust Co. (ED 12187:405).
Alice McLaughlin died on October 21, 2001. Thereafter, the homestead
was sold for $220,000 to Kevin W. and Melissa Hankens, who reside there (ED
29222:64).
1 Issue
of 13 Feb. 1917, Salem Evening News, "Recent Deaths And Funerals".
18
�Glossary & Sources
A figure like (ED 123:45) refers to book 123, page 45, Essex South registry of
Deeds, Federal Street, Salem.
A figure like (#12345) refers to Essex Probate case 12345, on file at the Essex
Probate Court, Federal Street, Salem, or on microfilm at Mass. Archives, Boston,
or at the Peabody Essex Museum's Phillips Library, Salem.
MSSRW refers to the multi-volume compendium, Mass. Soldiers & Sailors in the
Revolutionary War, available at the Salem Public Library among other places.
MSSCRW refers to the multi-volume compendium, Mass. Soldiers, Sailors, &
Marines in the Civil War, available at the Salem Public Library among other
places.
EIHC refers to the Essex Institute Historical Collections (discontinued), a multivolume set (first volume published in 1859) of data and articles about Essex
County. The indices of the EIHC have been consulted regarding many of the
people associated with this house.
The six-volume published Salem Vital records (marriages, births, and deaths
through 1849) have been consulted, as have the Salem Directory and later
Naumkeag Directory, which have information about residents and their addresses,
etc.
Sidney Perley' s three-volume History of Salem, 1626-1716 has been consulted, as
has the four-volume William Bentley's Diary, J. Duncan Phillips' books, some
newspaper obituaries, and other sources.
Salem real estate valuations, and, where applicable, Salem Street Books, have
also been consulted, as have genealogies.
There is much more material available about Salem and its history; and the reader
is encouraged to make his or her own discoveries.
--Robert Booth
22
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Massachusetts, Wills and Probate Records, 1635-1991 for William Phelps
(f.50068
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Massachusetts, Wills and Probate Records, 1635-1991 for William Phelps
1s
(llh1or~ must I.ioso dosi;;m1teil. Ir nny party I~ n murrletl ,vomnn, lier lm11bnnd nnmo mnat bo given. Next ol' kin mny lie 1lotcrm.lncd by 1-ctbroncc to Clmptcra 91 nnd (II ol' U10 Gonornl SL'ltntos,]
To the Honorable Judgeof the ProbateCourt4t anclfor the County Essex:
the
of
RESPECTFULLY
of
represents
&'fx, 0u:y"
tf3tL<U~
in the county of
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thnt
t'ritt.'--.CVf-,t,,'P-lu.Ljt,J ,iz_..,,~1-,
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in snid eom;ty of Essex,
r/.it'u:,.J/4£a«e..- ied on the .,fl..,3 'l)
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in the yc:ir of ou·{FLord eighteen hundred and seventy -~-.:;,.,...,
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day of
renmmmg to be
· intestate, possessecl of goods nncl estate
administered, leaving
e,;_, widow, whose nam~ is Jl~aA
....~.
PlfL.tJI.,.,,
and :1s h L,.,
only ne~..1; kin the 1Jersons whose names, residence, and relationship to
of
the cleccasecl are as follows, viz. :
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Ce,;,,,u;:.
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,Vherefore your pctitione1· prays that
estate of snicl deceased.
Dated this
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may be appointed Administrat ",-
day of
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he
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of the
A. D. 187,9 ,
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The unc1ersigned being all the persons 'interested in the foregoing Petition, desire the same
may be granted without' further notice.
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Massachusetts, Wills and Probate Records, 1635-1991 for William Phelps
J'l'hi' A,lmh1l~fr11t01· mn~t Oh• 11w r,w,mto1·~· In th,:, l'ri,h,.toOffi"c
wlll,ln tl11•eo n1m1tl1~<11\er Iii~ a1•1•oiutmc11t.]
COMMON,YI~ALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
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r • A
In snlrl cnunty or Esswx-, ,
Commonwcnlth.
YOU lrcrcb,\' :tppointcd
arc
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When you h:wu performed Urnt scr\'lcc
c~r1_;,_
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,
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,/a..-?~~
, , late or
~~ ,
wlll dclinir
!,he estate nnd cll'ccts nl'
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this order, :md your doiui;s 111
J)tll'/.IU:lllc(i
,-:'ef .,..,.""ee
«A
, Admluist1·at rt,.
of the estate
dcce:iscd, th:tt he m:ly l'<!tnrn the same to tlic 1'1·olmtcCourt, fo1·snld county or Ess<Jx.
Wltnc.~s my lrnml nncl the sc·aJ or suid Court, this
I e-,r-c,..-M~
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In the yenr of 0111·
Lord one tlwasund eight lm11clrcdnnd
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or 1rnhl
clny o;
,.l-e-v-r~( ~ V~
of l'rohate Com·t.
Pnrsu:mt to the forl·gol11g order, to US;
dlt·ccted, we lmvc 11ppra!sedsaid estate 11sfollows; to wit 1 ~
e 3o
e
Es,,~x, ss.
i
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s e.
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A. D.1S73
'l'hcu pcrson11lly appe:1red
,3 ,,_-<U..,J-C,el
the Adml11istmt ~
of snld estate, and mnt\c
outlt that tho foregoing is :l trae nnd pc1·fect [nventory or nil tl10 cstntc of said clcceasccl that hns come to 11 t4
possession or kuowlcclgc.
~
Bcfol'cme,
ace.
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Massachusetts, Wills and Probate Records, 1635-1991 for William Phelps
Schedule
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
River Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
16 River Street, Salem MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House History
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1787 for Robert Wallis, cabinet maker. Later was home of William Knight, Cordwainer, Joseph N. Smith, Cordwainer, Alice (Poor) Ross, widow, William Phelps Jr., joiner, and Michael Little, laborer.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house history
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1787, 2017
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
1787
cabinet maker
Cordwainer
Massachusetts
Punchard
River Street
Robert Wallis
Salem
William Knight