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30 Northey Street, Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built for Nathaniel Appleton, Jr.,
cabinet-maker, c.1809.
Nathaniel Appleton Jr. (1782-1859) was one of Salem's leading cabinet-makers
(furniture..:makers) at a time when Salem was famous for the quality of its
furniture. On 22 September 1809, for $748.14 Abijah Northey, Salem merchant,
sold to Nathaniel Appleton, Jr., cabinet maker, a piece of land on Northey Street
"with all the buildings thereon" (ED 187:261). The "buildings" are not described
further, and may have been a barn, shop, or shed. The lot was bounded westerly
50' on Northey Street, southerly 100' on land of Farrington and on Putnam,
easterly 50' on Northey land, northerly 100' on Northey land. That same day,
Mr. Appleton (and wife Susanna Foster Appleton) mortgaged the property for the
full purchase price to Mr. Northey (ED 187:261-2).
There is little doubt that Mr. Appleton resided here by 1811, for in the valuation
of that year, for ward two, he is taxed on "part house Northey Street and shop
$600 ," with stock of $100 and income of $100. The "part house" tax was
doubtless because he rented out rooms of the house to another, who would have
been taxed for that part. This is the first reference to Mr. Appleton's residing on
Northey Street, but that's because the valuations ·of earlier years do not mention
the streets on which people lived.
The 1812 valuation listing is the same as for 1811 but does not mention Northey
Street. The 1809 valuation lists Mr. Appleton in ward two, taxed for "part house
& shop" $500, stock $300, income $200 (this is the year he purchased the
property from Mr. Northey); in 1810 his listing was the same except he paid tax
for 2 polls (adult males) and $700 not $500 was the realty tax.
Before that, Mr. Appleton was listed in 1806 in ward two and taxed $400 for ~
shop and part house, with $400 stock and $300 income; in 1807 $500 for the part
house & shop, $400 stock, $200 income; in 1808 the same but $200 stock and
-$100 income-both ward two. All of this is inconclusive with regard to the
construction date of this house, but it seems likely that he built the main house to
its present appearance soon after the purchase in 1809, perhaps having removed
the existing "buildings." A survey of the house (second and third floor rooms)
and cellar leads to ·the conclusion that it was built all of a piece .. The
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�underpinning is original, with large hewn beams and joists, and arched brick
chimney foundations (a double arch on the east side). The main house has a
granite foundation on fieldstone. The trim and features (frames, chimney-pieces,
winder staircase, etc.) all date from the "Federal" period, consistent with a date of
1809, as is the general plan and form, being a three-story hip-roof house, five
bays by two. A side two-story ell (currently being enlarged to three stories),
judging from the foundation, was an early addition but had no chimney in it (the
old ell structure was evidently razed recently after a fire damaged it).
Nathaniel Appleton Jr. was a native of Ipswich, where he was born in 1782,
during the Revolutionary War, the middle child of the nine of Benjamin Appleton
and Mary Tilton. As a boy of thirteen or so, he was apprenticed to learn the trade
of a cabinet-maker, and may have been bound to a Salem master. William
Appleton (1765-1822), arelative and a cabinet-maker, had left Ipswich and
settled in Salem; and it may have been he to whom Nathaniel was apprenticed. It
is also possible that his masters were Elijah & Jacob Sanderson, who, in
partnership with Josiah Austin, were Salem's leading cabinet-makers in the
1780s and 1790s.
During these years, Salem rose to eminence in young America on the basis of
international trade: from Salem, the merchants and mariners pushed their ships
and cargoes into all parts of the known world, and they did so with astonishing
success. For a period of about 25 years, Salem was a famous center of
commercial enterprise: by virtue of competing fiercely, pioneering new routes,
and opening and dominating new markets, Salem won a high place in the world.
Basket Derby, William Gray, Eben Beckford, and Joseph Peabody were the
town's commercial leaders. In 1784, Derby began Salem's trade with Russia;
and in 1784 and 1785 he dispatched trading vessels to Africa and China,
respectively. Voyages to India soon followed, and to the Spice Islands and
Pepper Islands (Sumatra, Java, Malaya, etc.). These new markets-and the
coffee trade, which would be opened in 1798 with Mocha, Arabia-brought great
riches to the merchants, and began to raise the level of wealth throughout the
town: new ships were bought and ~uilt, more crews were formed with more
shipmasters, new shops and stores opened, new partnerships· were formed, and ·
new people moved to town. In 1792 Salem's first batik, the Essex Bank, was
founded, although it "existed in experiment a long time before it was
incorporated," per Rev. William Bentley. From a population of 7921 in 1790, the
town would grow by 1500 persons in a decade. At the same time, thanks to the
economic policies of Alexander Hamilton, Salem vessels were.able to transport
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�foreign cargoes tax-free and essentially to serve as the neutral carrying fleet for
both Britain and France, which were at war with each other.
In the late 1790s, there was agitation in Congress to go to war with France,
which, post-French-Revolution, was at war with England and was impounding
American shipping. After Pres. Adams' negotiators were rebuffed by the French
leaders in 1797, a quasi-war with France began in summer, 1798, much to the
horror of Salem's George Crowninshield family (father and five shipmaster
sons), which had an extensive trade with the French, and whose ships and
cargoes in French ports were susceptible to seizure. The quasi-war brought about
a political split within the- Salem population. Those who favored England aligned
themselves with the national Federalist party, led by Hamilton and Salem's
Timothy Pickering (the U.S. Secretary of State). These included most of the
merchants, who were eager to go to war with France. They were led locally by
the Derby family. Those who favored peace with France (and who admired
France for overthrowing the monarchy, even while deploring the excesses of the
revolutionaries) were the Anti-Federalists, who later became aligned with Pres.
Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican party; they were led locally by the
Crowninshields. For the first few years of this rivalry, the Federalists prevailed;
but after the death ofHasket "King" Derby in 1799 his family's power waned.
In 1800, Adams negotiated peace with France and fired Pickering, his refractory
Secretary of State. Salem's Federalists merchants erupted in anger, expressed
through their newspaper, the Salem Gazette. At the same time, British vessels
began to harass American shipping. Salem owners bought more cannon and shot,
and kept pushing their trade to the farthest ports of the rich East, while also
maintaining trade with the Caribbean and Europe. Salem cargoes were
exceedingly valuable, and Salem was a major center for distribution of
merchandise throughout New England: "the streets about the wharves were alive
with teams loaded with goods for all parts of the country. It was a busy scene
with the coming and going of vehicles, some from long distances, for railroads
were then unknown and all transportation must be carried on in wagons and
drays. In the taverns could be seen teamsters from all quarters sitting around the ·
open fire in the chilly evenings, discussing the news of the day or maldng merry
over potations of New England rum, which Salem manufactured in abundance."
(from Hurd's History ofEssex County, 1888, p.65).
The Crowninshields, led by brother Jacob,-were especially successful, as their
hQldings rose from three -vessels in 1800 to several in 1803. Their bailiwick, the
Derby Street district, .seemed almost to be a foreign country: in the stores, parrots
chattered and monkeys cavorted, and from the warehouses wafted the exotic
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�aromas of Sumatran spices and Arabian coffee beans. From the wharves were
carted all manner of strange fruits and blue and red patterned china and piles of
gorgeous silks and figured cloths. The greatest of the Salem merchants at this
time was William "Billy" Gray, who owned 36 large vessels--15 ships, 7 barks,
13 brigs, 1schooner--by1808. Salem was then still a town, and a small one by
our standards, with a total population of about 9,500-in 1800. Its politics were
fierce, and polarized everything. The two factions attended separate churches,
held separate parades, and supported separate schools, military companies, and
newspapers. Salem's merchants resided mainly on two streets: Washington
(which ended in a wharf on the Inner Harbor, and, above Essex, had the Town
House in the middle) and Essex (particularly between what are now Hawthorne
Boulevard and North Street). The East Parish (Derby Street area) was for the
seafaring families, shipmasters, sailors, and fishermen. In the 1790s, Federal
Street, lmown as New Street, had more empty lots than fine houses. Chestnut
Streetdid not exist: its site was a meadow. The Common was not yet
Washington Square, and was covered with hillocks, small ponds and swamps,
utility buildings, and the alms-house. As the 19th century advanced, Salem's
commercial prosperity would sweep almost all of the great downtown houses
away (the brick Joshua Ward house, built 1784, is a notable exception).
The town's merchants were among the wealthiest in the country, and, in Samuel
Mcintire, they had a local architect who could help them realize their desires for
large and beautiful homes in the latest style. While a few of the many new
houses went up in the old Essex-Washington Street axis, most were erected on or
near Washington Square or in the Federalist "west end" (Chestnut, Federal, and
upper Essex Streets). The architectural style (called "Federal" today) had been
developed by the Adam brother_s in England and featured fanlight doorways,
palladian windows, elongated pilasters and columns, and large windows. It was
introduced to New England by Charles Bulfinch in 1790. The State House in
Boston was his first institutional composition; and soon Beacon Hill was being
built up with handsome residences in the Bulfinch manner.
Samuel Mcintire (1757-1811) was self-educated and made his living primarily as
a wood-carver and carpenter, because architecture was not then a profession or
highly valued as a serviee. He was quick to adapt the Bulfinch style to Salem's
larger lots. Mclntire's first local composition, the Jerathmeel Peirce house (on
Federal Street), contrasts with his later Adamesque designs. In place of walls of
wood paneling, there now appeared plastered expanses painted in bright colors or
covered in bold wallpapers. The Adam style put a premium on handsome casings
and carvings of central interior features such door-caps and chimney-pieces ·
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�(Mclntire's specialty). On the exterior, the Adam style included elegant fences;
and the houses were often built of brick, with attenuated porticoes and, in the
high style, string courses, swagged panels, and even two-story pilasters. The best
example of the new style was the Elias Hasket Derby house, co-designed by
Bulfinch and Mcintire, and built on Essex Street in 1797-8 (demolished in 1815),
on the site of today's Town House Square. It is likely that Samuel Mcintire, in
his role as carver, knew and perhaps worked with young Nathaniel Appleton,
furniture-maker.
In 1803, when Nathaniel Appleton was 21 Gust about the time he would have
become. a journeyman), his name was listed among ten Salem cabinetmakers, led
by the Sandersons, who were shipping 50 cases of mahogany furniture to Brazil-Nathaniel's shipment was valued at $226.50 (EIHC 70:330).
He served out his apprenticeship, and on 7 July 1805 married Susannah Foster
Stone, 17, ofBeverly. They joined the Tabernacle Church, an orthodox
congregational society. He went into the cabinet-making business by 1806 with a
Mr. Ives as Appleton & Ives (see EIHC 70:333). He was known as Nathaniel
Appleton Jr. because there was another Nathaniel Appleton in Salem, an older
man who was a merchant. · Mr. Appleton was an excellent craftsman, whose
pieces are highlyvalued to day. In the September, 1933, issue of the magazine
Antiques (pp.90-91), Fiske Kimball wrote about.Appleton's work. One ofhis
pieces, a table, illustrated an article about Salem furniture (EIHC), in which it is
noted that Joseph True and Samuel F. Mcintire carved some pieces for Mr.
Appleton, and that he worked in the Sheraton style.
Nathaniel Appleton (1782-1859), b. 25 Dec. 1782, Ipswich, s/o Benjamin
Appleton & Mary Tilton, died Salem 18 Jan.1859. Hem. 7July1805
Susannah Foster Stone ofBeverly (1788-1883), died Feb. 1883, 951,, year.
Known issue:
1. Susan A., m. 1832 Isaiah Woodbury (d. 1844); had issue; d. 7July1903.
2.. Sarah Winn, 1March1808, m.1833 Henry Hale; had issue.
3. Ellen Maria, 30 May 1816, m. 1840 Francis Brown; had issue.
A new bank, the Salem Bank, was formed in 1803, and there were two insurance
companies and several societies and associations. The fierce politics and
commercial rivalries continued. The ferment of the times is captured in the diary
of Rev. William Bentley, bachelor minister of Salem's East Church and editor of
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�the Register newspaper. His diary is full of references to the civic and
commercial doings of the town, and to the lives and behaviors of all classes of
society. On Union Street, not far from Bentley's church, on the fourth of July,
1804, was born a boy who would grow up to eclipse all sons of Salem in the eyes
of the world: Nathaniel Hawthorne, whose father would die of fever while on a
voyage to the Caribbean in 1808. This kind of untimely death was all too typical
of Salem's young seafarers, who fell prey to malaria and other diseases of the
Caribbean and Pacific tropics.
In 1806 the Derbys extended their wharf far out into the harbor, tripling its
previous length. This they did to create more space for warehouses and shipberths in the deeper water, at just about the time that the Crowninshields had built
their great India Wharf at the foot of now-Webb Street. The other important
wharves were Forrester's (now Central, just west of Derby Wharf), and Union
Wharf at the foot of Union Street; and then, father to the west, a number of
smaller wharves extended into the South River (filled in during the late 1800s),
all the way to the foot of Washington Street. Each had a warehouse or two, and
shops for artisans (coopers, blockmakers, joiners, etc.). The waterfront between
Union Street and Washington Street also had lumber yards and several ship
chandleries and distilleries, with a Market House at the foot of Central Street,
below the Custom House. The wharves and streets were crowded with shoppers,
gawkers, hawkers, sailors, artisans ("mechanics"), storekeepers, and teamsters;
and just across the way, on Stage Point along the south bank of the South River;
wooden barks and brigs and ships were being built in the shipyards.
Salem's boom came to an end with a crash in January, 1808, when Jefferson and
the Congress imposed an embargo on all shipping in hopes of forestalling war
with Britain. The Embargo, which was widely opposed in New England, proved
futile and nearly ruinous in Salem, where commerce ceased. As a hotbed of
Democratic-Republicanism, Salem's East Parish and its seafarers, led by the .
Crowninshields, loyally supported the Embargo until it was lifted in·spring, 1809.
Shunned by the other Salem merchants for his support of the Embargo, the
eminent Billy Gray took his large fleet of ships-fully one-third of Salem's
tonnage-and moved to Boston, whose commerce was thereby much augmented.
Gray's removal eliminated a huge amount of Salem wealth, shipping, importexport cargoes, and local employment. Gray soon switched from the Federalist
party, and was elected Lt. Governor under Gov. Elbridge Gerry, a native of
Marblehead. Salem resumed its seafaring commerce for three years, but still the
British preyed on American shipping; and in June, 1812, war was declared
against Britain.
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�Although the merchants had tried to prevent the war, when it came, Salem swiftly
fitted out 40 privateers manned by Marblehead and Salem crews, who also served
on U.S. Navy vessels, including the frigate Constitution. Many more local
vessels could have been sent against the British, but some of the Federalist
merchants held them back. In addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and
artillery. Salem and Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making
. prizes ofBritish supply vessels. While many of the town's men were woilnded in
engagements, and some were killed, the possible riches of privateering kept the
men returning to sea as often as possible. The first prizes were captured by a 3 0ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame, and by a 14-ton luxury yacht fitted
with one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem privateers, the Crowninshields' 350ton ship America was most successful: she captured 30-plus prizes worth more
than $1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the British warships
that cruised these waters. On land, the war went poorly for the United States, as
the British captured Washington, DC, and burned the Capitol and the White
House. Along the western frontier, U.S. forces were successful against the weak
English forces; and, as predicted by many, the western expansionists had their
day. At sea, as time wore on, Salem vessels were captured, and its men
. imprisoned or killed. After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town
dry. Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British prison-ships and at
Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in 1814, New Englarid
Federalist delegates met to consider what they could do to bring the war to a
close and to restore the region's commerce. Sen. Timothy Pickering of Salem led
the extreme Federalists in proposing a series of demands which, if11ot met by the
federal government, could lead to New England's seceding from the United
States; but the Pickering faction was countered by Harrison G. Otis of Boston and
the moderate Federalists, who prevailed in sending a moderate message to
Congress.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored.
Post-war, the Salem merchants rebuilt their fleets and resumed their worldwide
trade, slowly at first, and then to great effect. Many new partnerships were
formed . .The pre-war partisan politics of the town were not resumed post-war, as
the middle-class "mechanics" (artisans) became more powerful and brought
abo-µt civic harmony, largely through the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association
(founded 1817). Nathaniel Appleton, Jr., was~ founding member of this
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�organization, whose other cabinet-makers, in 1817, were Nehemiah Adams,
Cotton Bennett, William Hook, Henry Huban, William Haskell, Jr., John Jewett,
John Mead, John P. McQuillin, Thomas Needham, Francis Pulsifer, Mark
Pitman, Elliott Smith, Jeremiah Staniford, and Elijah Sanderson (EIHC 42). Rev.
William Bentley, keen observer and .active citizen during Salem's time of greatest
prosperity and fiercest political divisions, died in 1819, the year in which a new
U.S. Custom House was built in 1819, on the site of the George Crowninshield
mansion, at the head of Derby Wharf.
In 1820, Nathaniel Appleton, 3 7, had a household of ten persons here, his own
family members and at least three young men working as apprentices in his
cabinet-making business. In those days, apprentices, who were legally bound not
to marry until they had served out their time, were usually taken into the family,
domiciled in its home, and treated more or less as sons. The Appletons
themselves had three little girls, Susan, Sarah, and Ellen. In addition to
Nathaniel, there were five men and teenage boys, three of whom were listed as
engaged in manufacturing (furniture). The other two may have been boarders.
The identities of these five are unknown (see 1820 census, ward two p.48/68).
The Appleton cabinet-maldng business prospered, evidently. A few receipts have
survived, showing that in 1828 Capt. John Nichols paid $25 for a mahogany
bureau, $18 for a Grecian card table, $16 for eightfancy chairs, and $4.50 for six ·
common chairs. Joseph G. Waters Esq. was another customer. In 1830 Mr.
Appleton made the mahogany coffin with nameplate for $27 for the heirs of Mr.
Paul Upton (see PEM family manuscripts). These were typical of the work he
did for many Salem customers.
In March, 1825, for $160 Abijah Northey (Jr.), merchant, sold to Nathaniel
Appleton, cabinet maker, a lot adjoining the homestead. It fronted 50' on Lemon
Street and ran back 93' to the east side of the Appleton lot (ED 237:281). Next
year, in July, Mr. Northey for $27.50 sold to Mr. Appleton, cabinet maker, a strip
of land fronting 5' on Northey Street and bounding northwesterly 100' on
Cleveland land, northeasterly 5' onland of Sawyer, and 100' on Appleton land
(ED 242:63). With these additions, Mr. Appleton completed his homestead lot,
and so it remained for the rest of his life, running all the way to Lemon Street. It
should be noted that he seller, Abijah Northey Jr. (1774-1853), a merchantJike
his father, was also a talented marine artist and architect, and submitted an
interesting design·in the competition f~r Salem's new Custom House in 1818 (see
pp. 48-9, More Marine Paintings & Drawings in the Peabody Museum, PCF.
Smith, editor).
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�Into the 1820s Salem's foreign trade continued prosperous; and new markets
were opened with Madagascar (1820), which supplied tallow and ivory, and
Zanzibar (1825), whence came coffee, ivory, and gum copal, used to make
varnish. Thus began a huge and lucrative trade in which Salem dominated; and
its vessels thus gained access to all of the east African ports.
Despite these new trade routes, in general Salem's maritime foreign commerce
fell off sharply in the late 1820s. Imports in Salem ships were supplanted by the
goods that were now being manufactured in great quantities in America. The
interior of the country was being opened for settlement, and some Salemites
moved away. To the north, the falls of the Merrimack River powered large new
textile mills (Lowell was founded in 1823 ), which creat~d great wealth for their
investors; and in general it seemed that the tide of opportunity was ebbing away
from Salem. In an ingenious attempt to stem the flow of talent from the town and
to harness its potential water power for manufacturing, Salem's merchants and
capitalists banded together in 1826 to raise the money to dam the North River for
industrial power. The project, which began with much promise, was suspended
in 1827, which demoralized the town even more, and caused several leading
citizens to move to Boston, the hub of investment in the new economy.
In 1830 occurred a horrifying crime that brought disgrace to Salem. Old Capt.
Joseph White, a wealthy merchant, resided in the house now called the Gardner-:Pingree house, on Essex Street. One night, intruders broke into his mansion and
stabbed him to death. All of Salem buzzed with the news of murderous thugs;
but the killer was a Crowninshield-(a fallen son of one of the five brothers; he
killed himself in jail): He had been hired by his friends, Capt. White's own
relatives, Capt. Joseph Knapp and his brother Frank (they would be executed).
After the investigation and trial uncovered much that was lurid about Salem,
more of the respectable families quit the now-notorious town.
In 1832, Susan A. Appleton became the first of the three Appleton daughters to
marry. Her husband was Capt. Isaiah Woodbury, a Salem shipmaster who hailed
from Boxford. 1n 1834 for $1100 Capt. Woodbury purchased a house and three
acres in Boxford from Josiah Woodbury (ED 279:6). This Boxford property may
have been used as a summer place and tenant farm, for Capt. Woodbury resided
in Salem, here at this house (per '1834 valuation). Isaiah Woodbury and Susan
Appleton had two sons, Nathaniel and Isaiah Jr., in the 1830s. Capt. Woodbury
was probably often away from home, commanding vessels on overseas voyages.
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�In August, 1831, Mr. Appleton had a chance to buy a half-interest in a house on
Hardy Street, and for $600 he made the purchase (ED 262:43). The house was
occupied in 1831 by Henry Archer Jr. and a Mr. Kehew (see 1831 valuation
directory). At that time, Mr. Appleton served as agent for the property, on Derby
Street, owned by the heirs of Rev. James Dimond, formerly parson of the East
Church, consisting of a large lot of land and two houses at the comer of Derby.
and Hardy Streets. Mr. Appleton himself evidently occupied a building on this
land as his cabinet shop (see 1831 valuation-directory).
As the 1830s advanced, Salem's remaining merchants had to take their equity out
of wharves and warehouses and ships and put it into manufacturing and
transportation, as the advent of railroads and canals diverted both capital and
trade away from the coast S.ome merchants did not make the transition, and
were ruined. Old-line areas of work, like rope-making, sail-making, and ship
chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared; and Salem slumped badly.
Despite all, Salem was chartered as a city in 1836. City Hall was built 1837-8
and the city seal was adopted with an already-anachronistic Latin motto of ''to the
farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!" The Panic
of 183 7, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even more
Salem families to head west in search of fortune and a better future.
Salem had not prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages.
The North River served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste from
the 25 tanneries that had set up along its banks. Throughout the 1830s, the
leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy for the~r fellow citizens,
many of whom were mariners without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity,
ambition, and hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant
built in 1818 in North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and blue
vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business. Salem's whalefishery, active for many years in the early 1800s, led, in the 1830s, to the
manufacturing of high-quality candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils.
The candles proved very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and
grew large after 1830, when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River were
retooled for making high-quality white lead and sheet lead (the approach to
Marblehead is still called Lead Mills Hill, although the empty mill buildings
burned down in 1960s).
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�These enterprises were a start toward taking Salem in a new direction. In 183 8
the Eastern Rail Road, headquartered in Salem, began operating between Boston
and Salem, whic~ gave the local people a direct route to the region's largest
market. The new railroad tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond; the
tunnel under Washington Street was built in 1839; and the line was extended to
Newburyport in 1840.
By 1840, new styles of furniture were in vogue, and Mr. Appleton, now in his
late 50s, evidently had refocused his work away from the making of fine
furniture, since most furniture was now produced using a partly-machined
process rather than pure hand-craft. He chose to go into the business of making
coffins, evidently on a large scale, at his shop and store at the northwest comer of
Derby and Hardy Streets. At home, he and his wife Susan, in their unit, had just
one girl, aged 10-15, probably a servant; and in the other unit were the
Woodburys, Capt. Isaiah, Susan, and their two little sons, Isaiah Jr. and Nathaniel
A., and a maidservant in her late tens. (1840 census, p.259). The house was then
numbered 14.
In the 1840s, as more industrial methods and machines were introduced, new
companies in new lines of business arose in Salem. The tanning and curing of
leather was very important by the mid-1800s. On and near Boston Street, along
the upper North River, there were 41 tanneries in 1844, and 85 in 1850,
employing 550 hands. The leather business would continue to grow in
importance throughout the 1800s. In 1846 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton
Company completed the construction at Stage Point of the largest factory
building in the United States, 60' wide by 400' long. It was an immediate
success, and hundreds of people found employment there, many of them living in
tenements built nearby. Also in the 1840s, a new method was introduced to make
possible high-volrime industrial shoe production. In Lynn, the factory system
was perfected, and that city became the nation's leading shoe producer. Salem
had shoe factories too, and attracted shoe workers from outlying towns and the
countryside. Even the. population changed, as hundreds of Irish families, fleeing
the Famine in Ireland, .settled in Salem and gave the industrialists a big pool of
cheap labor.
The Gothic symbol of Salem's new industrial economy was the large twintowered grariite train station-the "stone depot" --smoking and growling with
idling locomotives, standing on filled-in land at the foot of Washington Street,· .
where before had been the merchants' wharves. In the face of all this change,
. some members of Salem's waning merchant class continued to pursue their sea- .
11
�borne businesses; but even the conditions of shipping changed, and Salem was
left on the ebb tide. In the late 1840s, giant clipper ships replaced the smaller
vessels that Salem men had sailed around the world; and the clippers, with their
deep drafts and large holds, were usually too large for Salem and its harbor. The
town's shipping soon consisted of little more than Zanzibar-trade vessels and
visits from Down East coasters with cargoes of fuel wood and building timber.
By 1850 Salem was about finished as a working port. A picture of Salem's
sleepy waterfront is given by Hawthorne iri his mean-spirited "introductory
section" to The Scarlet Letter, which he began while working in the Custom
·
House.
Unlike most of his fellow shipmasters, Capt. Isaiah Woodbury remained·a
seafarer, and it proved his undoing: he died at sea in 1844, leaving his widow and
two sons. His father-in-law, Nathaniel Appleton, Esq., was appointed
administrator of the estate. The inventory, taken 3 August 1845, listed the house
and land in Boxford ($850) and furnishings of his rooms in the Northey Street
house, which were front room or parlor, front-room closet, keeping room,
keeping-room closet, bedroom, kitchen, chamber. He may have sailed out of
Boston, for his chronometer ($100) was in Boston; and he had $6222.75 in cash.
Presumably the estate's assets outweighed the debts, and his widow and young
sons were able to live comfortably. They continued to reside here in the family
home at #14 Northey Street. In 1850, per the census, the house was occupied by
the Appletons (including Mrs. Appleton's mother, Mrs. Rachel Stone, 85) and the
·
Woodburys.
Salem's industrial expansion affected even Northey Street as, in 1850, a gas
works was built on the bluf( above the railroad tracks. Salem's growth continued
through the 1850s, as business and industries boomed, the population swelled,
new churches (e.g. Immaculate Conception, 1857) were started, new workingclass neighborhoods were developed (especially in North Salem, off Boston
Street, South _Salem, and along the Mill Pond behind the Broad Street graveyard),
and new schools, factories, and stores were built. A second, larger, factory
building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was added in 1859, down at
Stage Point, where a new Methodist Church was built, and many neat homes,
boarding-houses, and stores went up along the streets between Lafayette and
Congress. The tanning business continued to boom, as better and larger tanneries
were built along Boston Street and Mason Street; and subsidiary industries; like
glue-manufacturing, sprang up as well, most notably the J.M. Anderson glue·
works on the Turnpike (Highland Avenue).
12
�At this house, the 1850s appear to have been a fairly quiet time. Mr. Appleton, in
his 70s, still ran his "coffin wareroom" at 80 Derby Street. The Dimond heirs,
for whom he had served as Salem agent for their property, decided to sell off that
property. In October, 1853, Mr. Appleton, for $639 purchased the building at the
comer of Derby and Hardy Street on a lot about 55' square (ED 484:295). This
was evidently the same building that he had been using for years as his shop.
Mr. Appleton's daughter Mrs. Woodbury still resided in her unit of the house, as
did his two grandsons, Isaiah and Nathaniel Woodbury, both of whom worked as
clerks. Isaiah worked in 1856 at Phillips Wharf, at the foot of Webb Street,
where there was a large coal-distribution business. By 1858 he and his brother
Nathaniel were commuting to Boston for their work (see 1857 & 1859
directories).
Having re-established itself as an economic powerhouse, Salem took a strong
interest in national politics. It was primarily Republican, and strongly antislavery, with its share of outspoken abolitionists, led by Charles Remond, a
passionate speaker who came from one of the city's notable black families. At its
Lyceum (on Church Street) and in other venues, plays and shows were put on,
but cultural lectures and political speeches were given too.
Nathaniel Appleton no doubt took an interest in these events, even as he
considered retirement from his business. By the end of the year 1857 he was still
in good health. On Dec. 12th he made his will, devising to his wife Susan all of
his personal property outright, and the use of all of his real estate for the rest of
her life. The homestead was to go, upon Mrs.~Appleton's death, to two of their
daughters, Mrs. Sarah Hale and Mrs. Susan Woodbury, while all three daughters
were to have the half-interest in the Hardy Street house and the shop and land on
Derby Street. Mrs. Woodbury was to have $200 upon his death, his grandson
Nathaniel Appleton Woodbury was to have $100, as was the widow or daughter
of his brother Benjamin at Newburyport. Mr. Appleton contracted cancer in 1858
and died of it on January 18, 1859, in his 7?1h year. His remains were interred in
his tomb in Salem. Since Mrs. Appleton would survive for more than 20 years
more, the heirs did not inherit arty real estate until the 1880s.
By 1860, with the election of Abraham Lincoln, it was clear that the Southern
states would secede from the union; and Salem, which had done so much to win
the independence of the nation, was ready to go to war to force ·others to remain a
part of it. In that year, the two Woodbury boys having moved out, the house was
13
�occupied in separate units by Mrs. Susan F. Appleton, 72, and her daughter, Mrs.
Susan Woodbury, 40 (1860 census, ward 2, house 1928).
The Civil War began in April, 1861. I have not found evidence of any wartime
service by the Woodbury brothers (who had evidently moved to Boston), but
Mrs. Appleton's grandsons Joseph S. and Henry A. Hale did serve. At the end of
May, 1862, as news came of another major defeat, the Mayor, Stephen Webb,
called a meeting of the citizens and invited all men to report to the Armories to
enlist and save the Republic. Joseph Hale and many others did so, but the
emergency soon passed, and Mr. Hale and most of the men returned to Salem.
His brother, Henry A. Hale, was captain in the 19th regiment VMI, Bvt Lt Col
and AAG Vols.
Capt. Arthur Forrester Devereux, commander of the Salem Light Infantry before
the war, had drilled them to a point of perfection and took them through a threemonth stint around Washington, DC. Upon return, he helped to raise the 19th
regiment of Mass. Infantry, went out as Lt. Colonel and took with him 9-10 of his
Salem officers (H.A. Hale included) and more than 100 Salemites, with men
from nearby towns too. The 19th was initiated in battle at Ball's Bluff, then
fought in the Peninsular battles, then at Fredericksburg (advance unit), then at
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, and Petersburg. This was the
hardest fighting of the war. The 19th captured five of the enemy's colors. It
fought its way to Appomatox, where one of its captains was killed by what was
said to be the last shot of the war (seep. 204, Hurd's History ofEssex County).
The war lasted four years, during which hundreds of Salem men served in the
army and navy, and many were killed or died of disease or abusive treatment
while imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered wounds, or broken health. The
people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to alleviate the suffering of the
soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was great celebration when the war
finally ended in the spring of 1865. ,
Through the 1860s, Salem pursued manufacturing, especially of leather and shoes
and textiles. The managers and capitalists tended to build their new, grand
houses along Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of Roslyn
Street; many are in the French Second Empire style, with mansard roofs). A third
factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was built in 1865.
14
�Within the Appleton family, it was felt, by 1869, that the coffin warehouse
should be sold off; and for $1325 it was conveyed to Michael Donnahoe (ED
788:125).
In 1870, when Salem received its last cargo from Zanzibar, a new Salem & New
York freight steamboat line was in operation.. In 1877, with the arrival of a vessel
from Cayenne, Salem's foreign trade came to an end. After that, "the
merchandise warehouses on the wharves no longer contained silks from India, tea
from China, pepper from Sumatra, coffee from Arabia, spices from Batavia,
gum-copal from Zanzibar, hides from Africa, and the various other products of
far-away countries. The boys have ceased to watch on the Neck for the incoming
vessels, hoping to earn a reward by being the first to announce to the expectant
merchant the safe return of his looked-for vessel. The foreign commerce of
Salem, once her pride and glory, has spread its white wings and sailed away
forever." (per Rev. George Bachelder in History ofEssex County, II: 65)
Salem was now so densely built-up that a general conflagration was always a
·possibility, as in Boston, when, on Nov. 9, 1872, the financial and manufacturing
district of the city burned up. Salem continued to prosper in the 1870s, carried
forward by the leather-making business. In 1874 the city was visited by a
tornado and shaken by a minor earthquake. In the following year, the large
Pennsylvania Pier (site of the present coal-fired harborside electrical generating
plant) was completed to begin receiving large shipments of coal. Beyond it, at
Juniper Point, a new owner began subdividing the 'old Allen farmlands into a new
development called Salem Willows and Juniper Point. In the U.S. centennial
year, 1876, A.G. Bell of Salem announced that he had discovered a way to
transmit voices over telegraph wires.
In this decade, French-Canadian families began coming to work in Salem's mills
and factories, and more houses and tenements were built. The better-off workers
bought portions of older houses or built small homes for their families in the
outlying sections of the city; and by 1879 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton mills
would employ 1200 people and produce annually nearly 15 million yards. of
cloth. Shoe-manufacturing businesses expanded in the 1870s, and 40 shoe
factories were employing 600-plus operatives. Tanning; in both Salem and
Peabody, remained a very important industry, and employed hundreds of
breadwinners. On Boston Street in 1879, the Arnold tannery caught fire and
burned down.
15
�In 1880, as in the 1870s, this house was the residence of Mrs. Susan F. (Stone)
Appleton, 92, and her daughter Mrs. Susan A. Woodbury; and they were attended
by a servant, Ann Delahanty, 20, born in Ireland (1880 census, wd 2, house 154).
On February 10th, 1883, Mrs. Susan F. Appleton died in her 95th year. "Mrs.
Appleton was one of the oldest members of the Tabernacle Chmch and her long
and useful life has been marked by those Christian graces which have endeared
her not only to her own immediate family but to all who knew her" (per Salem
Observer 17 Feb. 1883). With her passing, the real estate went to the heirs as
specified in Mr. Appleton's will. On 21July1883 Mrs. Susan Woodbury and the
heirs of her deceased sister Mrs. Hale (Mary S., Henry A., Joseph S. Hale) for
$525 sold off the part of the homestead that was the lot that fronted 50' on
Lemon Street (ED 1112:235). Shortly after, the Appleton heirs sold the halfinterest in the Hardy Street house (ED 1117 :225).
By 1885, Mrs. Woodbury was residing here in one unit, and, in another, were
tenants Mrs. George H. Mair, a widow, and her son Arthur, who was studying
dentistry with Dr. Porter at 237 Essex Street (see 1886 Directory). Like her
mother, Mrs. Woodbury had a very long life, and would reside here through the
1890s and into the 20th century. By 1896, the house was numbered 30, and was
owned jointly by Mrs. Woodbury and the Hales.
In the 1880s and 1890s, Salem kept building infrastructure; and new businesses
arose, and established businesses expanded.· Retail stores prospered; horse-drawn
trolleys ran every which-way; and machinists, carpenters, millwrights, and other
specialists all thrived. In 1880, Salem's manufactured goods were valued at
about $8.4 million, of which leather accounted for nearly half. In the summer of
1886, the Knights ofLabor brought a strike against the manufacturers for a tenhour day and other concessions; but the manufacturers imported labor from
Maine and Canada, and kept going. The strikers held out, and there was violence
in the streets, and even rioting; but the owners prevailed, and many of the
defeated workers lost their jobs and suffered, with their families, through .a bitter
winter.
. By the mid-1880s, Salem's cotton-cloth mills at the Point employed 1400 people
who produced about 19 million yards annually, worth about $1.5 million. The
city's large shoe factories stood downtown behind the stone depot and on Dodge
and Lafayette Streets. A jute bagging company prospered with plants on Skerry
Street and English Street; its products were sent south to be used in cotton-baling.
Salem factories also produced lead, paint, and oil. At the Eastern Railroad yard
16
�on Bridge Street, cars were repaired and even built new. In 1887 the streets were
first lit with electricity, replacing gas-light. The gas works, which had stood on
Northey Street since 1850, was moved to a larger site on Bridge Street in 1888.
More· factories and more people required more space for buildings, more roads,
and more storage areas. This space was created by filling in rivers, harbors, and
ponds. The large and beautiful Mill Pond, which occupied the whole area
between the present Jefferson A venue, Canal Street, and Loring A venue, finally
vanished beneath streets, storage areas, junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots.
The South River, too, with its epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a
Custom House built there in 1805) disappeared under the pavement of Riley
Plaza and New Derby Street, and some of its old wharves were joined together
with much in-fill and turned into coal-yards and lumber-yards. Only a canal was
left, running in from Derby and Central Wharves to Lafayette Street. The oncebroad North River was filled from both shores, and became a canal along Bridge
Street above the North Bridge.
In 1900, the house, now #28, was the residence of Mrs. Woodbury, 88, who lived
in her apartment with a nurse-companion, Catherine Cameron, 52, originally of
Nova Scotia; and the other unit was the home of Albert huddell, 29, a janitor, his
wife Mary, 45, and a boarder, Charles A. Rogers, 21, ahorse-shoer (1900 census,
ward 2, SD 115).
On 7 July 1903, Mrs. Susan (Appleton) Woodbury died, aged about 96 years.
She was born in this house, and it was the only home she h~d ever known. By
will, Mrs. Woodbury had devised the property to Arthur Woodbury of Utah, and
three Woodbury women. On 28 May 1906 they joined their Hale relatives and
sold the Northey Street homestead to Mary J. Cooney, the wife of Michael
Cooney of Salem (ED 1826:545). Thus, after nearly a century of family
ownership, the Appleton-Woodbury house .passed into different ownership. The
Cooneys had a large family of children, who, as they grew into adulthood,
continued to. reside here as boarders.
Salem's population burgeoned. The Canadians were followed in the early 20th
century by large numbers ofPolish and Ukrainian families, who settled primarily
in the Derby Street neighborhood. By the eve of World War One,. Salem was a
bustling, polyglot city that supported large department· stores and large factories
of every description. People from Marblehead and other towns came to Salem to
do their shopping; and its handsome government buildings, as befit the county
17
�seat, were busy with conveyances of land, lawsuits, and probate proceedings.
The city's politics were lively, and its economy was strong.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street opposite
Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden tanneries. This fire
soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the west wind was high
and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire, and the next, and out
of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of flame and
smoke, wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street, and upper Broad
Street, and then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and other
residential streets. Men and machines could not stop it: the enormous fire
crossed over into South. Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods west of
Lafayette Street, then devoured the mansions of Lafayette Street itself, and raged
onward into the tenement district. Despite the combined efforts of heroic fire
crews from many towns and cities, the fire overwhelmed everything in its path: it
smashed into the large factory buildings of the Naumkeag Steam Cotton
Company (Congress Street), which exploded in an inferno; and it rolled down
Lafayette Street and across the water to Derby Street. There, just beyond Union
Street, after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died, having consumed 250 acres,
1600 houses, and 41 factories, and leaving three dead and thousands homeless.
Some people had insurance, some did not; all received much support and
generous donations from all over the country and the world. It was one of the
greatest urban disasters in the history of the United States, and the people of
Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually, they did, and many of the
former houses and businesses were rebuilt; and ,several urban-renewal projects
(including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved removing old houses and
widening old streets) were put into effect.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in 1926
was a time of great celebration. From that time forward, Salem boomed right
through to the 1960s, but the arrival of suburban shopping malls and the
relocation of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have with many
other cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward into the
present with success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the witch
trials, but also from its history as a great seaport and as the home of Bowditch,
Mcintire, Bentley, Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a city where the
homes of the old-time merchants, mariners, and mill-operatives are all honored as
a large part of what makes Salem different from any other place.
--Robert Booth for Historic Salem Inc., 31 July 2003.
18
�I
i
JOSEPH TRUE, WOOD CARVER OF SALE:M,
.AJ.~D HIS ACCOUNT BOOK.
BY HEXRY WYCOFF BELK~AP.
'
t
1
j
JOSEPH TRUE, CARVER OF SALEM
From a Silr.·:>uette in possession of his Desi:endonts
Joseph True, the second of Salem's great wood-carvers,
Samuel Mcintire being easily the :first, ·worked there for
about fifty years during which little or nothing ·was known
about him until the fortunate cliscoven· of his account
book made it possible to determine the c;use of his obscurity and the character of much of his work. The brief
sk~tch of his family which follows will serve as a background for this talented man.
The True family immigrated to l\ ew Englancl in the
person of Remy True before 1644. He came from the
parish of Filsby, County Norfolk, if the compiler of
Sa.co T7alley Settlements was correctly informed. He
seems to have brought no family with him but must have
found a wife very promptly since their son John was
baptized 13 July 1644. His wife was the peculiarly
named Israel, daughter of John Pike.
Henry was granted 40 acres of land in Salem in the
South Field, 17 December 1G49, Lot No. 41, south of the
Great Cove of the North river in the North Field in 1653,
and lot No. 58 on the South river, east of the present Central street in 1658.
The only intimation of what was his trade is the statement that ~n 18 September 1656 the vessel Return, Henry
True, master, was about to sail from Barbadoes. She
was then in Carlisle Bay (not found in the Gazetteer)
bound for Boston with molasses.
He bought a house and land in Salisbury, :Mass., as is
proved by a deed in the Essex County records, elated 19
April 1657, when Richard Korth of Salisbury, for £60
to be paid by Henry True and Robel't Pike, both of Salem, conveys to Henry a house and land bounded by Edward ffrench and Abraham 1forrill and by the gTeen, as
·well as several other pieces of lancl ancl beach in Salisbury.
He did not long survive but cliecl in 1659, his imentory being taken by Robert Pike and Richard Goodall,
10 April 1660. His house in Salem was then valnecl at
(117)
�128
JOSEPH TRUE, WOOD CARVER OF
I
i
SALE~I
·i
so far as the character of his work went. N eo-Classic
and Gothic styles ·which were then in vogue were poor substitutes for :i\Icintire's more delicate and graceful designs.
Samuel Field :Mcintire, son of Samuel, attempted to carry on his father's business until his death in 1819, but
his intemperate habits must have been a handicap. A
little of his work has been identified fairly well, but he
clid not produce very much so far as can be told. After
Samuel Field's death, his uncle Joseph was the only one
of the family left to represent the name. He was sixtyfour years old when Samuel died and seems to have been
an eccentric character. He had a shop at 6 Chestnut
street and there is record of his having done work at 29
Chestnut street and that he carved the capitals of the columns of the Custom House. He died in 1825, leaving a
clear field for True.
One thing is very noticeable as one studies the account
book, namely that very few important pieces of work are
found. The Peabody house excepted, almost the entire
contents consist of small parts of furniture or interior
finish which explains the ignorance which has prevailed
as to carving clone by him. How much there may be of
more notable items like the ship Oritsoe which are not
noted in the book can only be guessed at.
Extracts from the account book follow:
'I
.I
TRADE CHARGES.
The items are mostly made up of small parts of furniture and hence only the totals are given, with some exceptions.
1811 17 Oct. to 1825 10 Feb.
Nehemiah Adams Dr.
1Iakeing or carving furniture or parts $342.51
NOTE:- Nehemiah Adams, cabinet maker, was baptized 16 April 1769 in Ipswich, marriec11Iehitable Torry
of Boston, (int.) 20 August 1802, who cliecl in Hallowell,
Maine, 9 :May 1847, aet. 79, and he died in Salem 24
January 1847. His shop was burned out in 1798 and he
removed to Brown street, but in 1837 he was at 6 Jviarlborough street and living at 106 Essex street.
ROOM IN THE JOSEPH PEABODY HOUSE, SALEM, SHOWING TRUE'S CARVING
i
I.
�BY HE::\RY WYCOFF
BEL:K~AP
129
1812 22 Feb. Thomas Huchinson (Hutchinson) senior
Dr. (See Thomas jr.)
Carving 4 small Eagles
$45.15
13 lfar. to 1817 27 Nov.
Nathaniel Apleton (Appleton) Dr.
Carving legs &c.
$23.76
'NOTE:- Nathaniel Appleton, cabinet maker. There
were several of this name and the birth and death of this
one are not recorded in Salem. He was probably of the
firm of Appleton & Ives before 1806 when Nathaniel
junior succeeded to the business and he was at 80 Derby
street in 1837.
24 Mar. to 1817 15 :Uar.
Francis Pulcifer (Pulsifer) Dr.
Carving legs
$33.27
'NOTE:- Francis Pulsifer was born about 1771 and
died 24: January 1823, cabinet maker. He was of the
firm of Pulsifer and Frothingham, Court street, in 1795
when he succeeded to the business.
24: 1Iar. Ephraim Scerry (Skerry) Dr.
Carving 4 Burow legs
.75
NOTE : - He is not identified.
1 Apl. to 1824: 22 Jun.
Henry Hubon Dr.
$326.74
Carving legs &c.
NOTE:- Henry Hubon, cabinet maker, was born 1
.May 1790 in Dominica, W. I., married Nancy Beckford
5 January 1812 and Frances Dwyer 15 December 1818
in Salem. He died 25 September 1864:. He came to
Salem in 1801 and learned the trade of William Appleton (?junior). About 1816 to 1819 he was in partnership with Jeremiah Staniford (q.v.) at the Sign of the
Bedpost on Charter street and he lived there. They
parted company then and in 1830 he was selling out the
�130
BY HENRY WYCOFF BELKNAP
JOSEPH TRUE, WOOD CARVER OF SALEM
business but evidently continued, being joined by his son
Henry G. l!ubon from 1850 until his death.
12 .A.pl. to 1824 18 Mar.
John. Mead Dr.
Carving legs &c.
$216.41
NOTE:- John Mead, cabinet maker, was born about
1787 and married Phebe Davidson, widow, 24 :March
1822. He diecl 21 February 1824.
1812 13 June Jonathan Smith Dr.
Carving 4 Burow legs
$1:42
pd. by order on Goodhue & Warren
2.92
NOTE:- Jonathan Smith, block maker, son of George
and Hannah (Bickford) Smith, was baptized 8 January
1764, married 6 September 1789 Anstiss Phippen, who
died 30 November 1815, aet. 60, and he married 19 May
1816 Sarah H., daughter of John an.cl Sarah Leach. He
died 11 September 1840, aet. 76, and she died 17 }fay
1842, aet. 63.
1816 10 Jan. to 1818 4 Jul.
Urban 0. Adams Dr.
Carving legs and posts
$55.05
NOTE : - He is not identified.
1816 20 Jan. to 1823 24 Jan.
James l!ogckins (Hodgkins) Dr.
Carving bedposts and legs
$8.00
NOTE:- James S. Hodgkins was born about 1797 and
married Eliza (Elizabeth, widow) Ward Brown September 1819. He died 24 November 1825, aet. 28, and she
131
her 1795, daughter of Samuel and Susannah (Babbidge)
He married secondly Deborah McNutt of Nova
Scotia.
8 May to 1829 25 Jun.
Thomas Needham Dr.
Carving and turning legs
$415.19.
Arch~r.
NOTE:- Thomas Needham, senior, cabinet maker,
married Sarah Phippenny 17 February 1754 in Salem.
He seems to have been first on Charter street in 1802,
but took Joseph McComb's shop on that street 11 October
1811 and he had a furniture warehouse at 205 Essex
street in 1837 and lived at 7 Liberty street. His son
Thomas was baptized 3 August 1755 and died in 1787.
He probably worked in his father's shop.
9 Nov. to 1817 1 Feb.
Richard Dodge Dr.
Carving legs &c.
$30.50
NOTE:- Richard Dodge, cabinet maker, was born in
Boston 25 March 1783 and married 7 June 1814 Abigail
Edwards, who died 18 June 1831, and he married 17 October 1831 Elizabeth Curtis, who died 6 October 1858,
and he married May, 1859, Mrs. Mary 1Iasury. He was
at 283 Cabot street, Beveriy, but gave up his business in
1819.
1817 22 Apl. to 1818 1 Sep.
Phillips & Flint Dr.
Carving legs and posts
$71.78
$4.00
NOTE:- No records of this firm have been found.
2 Sep. to 1821 28 Jun.
Thomas Huchinson (Hutchinson jr.)
Carving legs &c.
$49.13
NOTE:- James Bullock, son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Crawford) Bullock, was baptized 25 August 1782.
He married 18 August 1816 Eliza Cotton, born 9 Decem-
NOTE:- Thomas Hutchinson, cabinet maker, was born
in 1794 (baptized 9 J.farch), married Nancy Boden 13
December 1818 in Salem. He appens to have been the
9 October 1831, aet. 31.
8 Apl. James Bullock Dr.
Carving legs:-
�.
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168
SALEM DIRECTORY.
----··-··--::::::;:-;rl
•
·-·-I
.
ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT.
SALEM OBSERVER
69
~
. J0·HN G.
FELT~
SIGN
~rinting ~stahHsYmtnt; .OUSE AND PAINTS,· OILPAINTER,
AND DEALER IN
AND GLASS, .
No. 27 FRONT STREET, SALEM.
· r ...:r...r ...rv·v·v-...r ....rv·-./,.r-../'../
NO. 226~ ESSEX STREET, STEARNS :BUILDING,
.Opposite the Eastern Railroad D~pot.
Wii;itlow Sashes, Blinds and Double Windows of all kinds, furnished at
ort notice. ·
. ..... .
o.,1 ............................-.,,........~............... ~--#'
.APPLETON
Thi~ Office being furnished with all the desirable modern improved
FAST PRESSES, adapted to •very description of Work,frrm a
Poster down to tbe J?:enteel Visiting Card; together with an ample Pupply
of well chosen varietiesofhandsorue PLAIN AND FANCY JOJ3
TYPE AND BORDERS, the Proprietors believe that their facili·
ties for executing every description of
PRINTllVGlt
COFFIN \¥!REHOUSE,
No. BO DERBY S'l;'REET,
ll:7'" Cotlins constantly oii hand, of various woods, and Grave Clothes
rnh1hed at short notice.
1
,.:
.Fu.a~UTURE.
A.re such as to enable them to answer all orders to the entire satisfaction
of those who may favor them with their patronage. They are
prepared to execute promptly, and at as
·
WILLIAM IVES.
GEORGE W. PEASE.
·
·
FASHIONABLE
,AT, VAP 4ND FUR ESTABLISHMENT,
No. ·233 ·Essex .Stree.t,: ·
·I
I
And 31and3-3 Washington st'
.
CLARK &
BLETH·EN~
DEALER~
~~~ ~~~\:.~ ~~~~~~~~
·
Re~idence, H Northey· Street.
·
HUMPHR~Y ~~~K, .
LOW PRICES AS ANY OFFICE IN THE CITY,
Posters, Shop Bills, Programmes, Catalogues,
Bill Heads, :Blanks, :Books, arid Pamphlets, ···
Business, Visiting, Ticket and Check·
Cards, Plain or Fancy Labels, &c.
REPAIRED.
:~.l.;'
IN
l JOVKPOPLT ANO QUINVY GR 'NITF!
:Posts~ Caps and Sills, Door Steps. Underpinnin!?, of
... all Kinds. Gate Posts, .Bases Monuments, plain ·
~
and or.na..cnenta!, &c., &c. Also, Uellar
Stone, of all kinds.
·· No. 17 Peapody Street, • • . . SALEM.
:; T. OLA.RK.
T. G BTJ'ETIIEN,
•
�~j
SALEM DIRECTORY.
ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT.
SMITH· & C:S.:AlVIBERLAIN,
SEOCOMB ·& DENNIS,
66
.l\IA.NUFACTURERS OF
•
67
. MA!iUF.\.CTURERS OF
lit i~'l lf . .
.
. 'fit iml f.1)
B!iUIHf! ·~ ~ 'JIJ! ~ ~· u · - ~ · 'i~Jl,lfniil ~liUiiH!!<!!I@.,
\~ "@\~~ W)
And Dealers
in
·
-~·
WATCHES, SILVER WARE AND FANCY Go9os,
NO. 201 ESSEX STRE~T, .~ALEM,
.
FIVE DOORS EAST OF THE MARKET.
AND
A~D
BLEACHED, PALM
,
GEORGE B. APPLETON,
LARD
O~LS,
Foot of Harbor Street, . . • . . SALEM.
IMPORTER OF
Ql©lID. t\
~1~\9]'il W~11~1l~~Q·
AND DRALllR IN
·
94 Commercial St., Boston; 84 Front St., New York.
·
JEWELRY, SILVER SPOONS, PL!TED,
gLnu ~ilntr tt1nrr rmrr
~µutndrli,
·~~
AT LOW PRICES,
NO. 179 ESSEX s·rREET,
Nearly opposite}
Essex: House 1
§&~~rm~
SILVER WARE-A large assortment, at as low prices as can be ob- ..,
tained in Boston or elsewhere-Engraved gratis.
Watches and Clocks skilfully repaired and adjusted.
Jewelry and Specta.cles manufactured and neatly repaired.
E •
I{. •
L A. I{. E ·M A N ,
DEALER IN
WA!(J!KE~, ~EWELRI. & ~KtiER WA!\~,Plated and Britannia Ware, Lamps, Candelab1·as,
~
.
~()~'~
11'1'\:C~~-it\\\\i~~
!ti t\\tti\ © ...'\""\\Jf:Ell't'
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'NC>. :I.SO ESSE.:X:. ST.R.EET,
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�~istoric
Salem, Inc., Salem, Massachusetts
Page 1of2
c:Mistonc
P.O. Box 865, Salem, MA 01970
(978) 745-0799
~~1e111
.
cJ~ 1 1 ncor1Jorated
(;Q_o_tac.tJJsl
Historic House Plaque Application
If interested in commissioning a written history of your Salem house and
having a plaque to identify its construction date and early owner(s),
please fill in the blanks below.
The fee for a professionally prepared house history and plaque is $350.00.
Please send a check for that amount, made out to Historic Salem, Inc.,
with this application, to the above address.
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http://www.historicsalem.org/houseplaque/application.html
04/16/2003
��CATALOGUE NO.
35. Portrait of Abijah Northey, 1810. By John Brewster Jr. (1766-1854).
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3. Sofa, attributed to Nehemiah Adams, Salem, c. 181 o.
Carving of top rail attributed to Samuel Mcintire.
Materials: Mahogany-primary wood. Maple, white pinesecondary woods.
Features: This is among the finest of the Sheraton style sofas
with carving attributed to Mcintire. As he favored grapes in his
best Hepplewhite carvings, he used laurel leaves in his best
Sheraton examples. The top rail features a basket of fruit and
flowers in the center, with trailing laurel leaves, and flanked by
garlands of roses, with an eight-pointed star punched background.
Alternating triglyphs and metopes are below. On the arms are
elongated leaves, with rosettes above the arm supports and
conventional leaf carving possibly by another hand. Bulbous feet
on front legs. H. 38¥.±", W. 76%", D. 271/2"·
Comments: An attribution to Adams is justified by comparing
this sofa to a documented example made by him for Lucy Hill
Foster in 1810 and illustrated in Antiques, XXIV (Dec. 1933),
2 1 8, Fig. 1. The turnings of the legs are identical in both examples, and the finesse of the bulbous front feet is rarely seen on
Mcintire sofas. Elements of the carving relate both to the 1796
chest-on-chest made by William Lemon and carved by Mcintire
at the Museum of Fine Arts (the only positively documented
example of his furniture carving), and to his architectural work,
especially a basket of fruit and flowers from an overdoor in the
Privately owned.
Nathan Read house, now at Essex Institute.
172
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4. Table, attributed to Nathaniel Appleton, Salem, 1805-1815.
Carving associated with Samuel Field Mcintire.
Materials: Mahogany and mahogany veneers-primary
woods. White pine and .mahogany-secondary woods. Brasses old.
Features: The turret corners with a carved area below is a
feature frequently found in Salem Sheraton furniture. The
carved daisies are very similar to those on a table shown in Samuel
Mcintire: A Bicentennial Symposium (Salem, 1957), Fig. 43.
The rather crude gadrooning on the bottom edge of the top can
also be seen on a serving table and sideboard (Nos. 63, 65)
in this catalogue. H. 28%", \V. 21¥.±", D. 17%"·
Comments: Biographical data on the Salem cabinetmaker
Nathaniel Appleton has been sketchy. Through genealogical material and records in the family, we now know he was the son of
Benjamin and l\fary Appleton of Ipswich and was born December 2 5, 1782. He worked in Salem at Derby and Hardy streets,
and on July 7, 1805, he married Susanna Foster Stone of Beverly..
They had three daughters born between 1807 and 18 l 6. He was
a charter member of the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association
in l 8 1 7. Descendants now own a group of pieces tha~ have always been ascribed to him, including this table, two card tables
(one shown in the Kimball article listed below), a chest of
drawers, a sofa, and a desk-and-bookcase with glass doors, all in
the later Sheraton style. Bills at the Essex Institute show that
both Samuel Field Mcintire and Joseph True did carving for him.
Privately owned.
He died in Salem on January 18, 1859.
References: Fiske Kimball, "Nathaniel Appleton, Jr.," Antiques, XXIV (Sept. 1 9 3 3), 9 0-9 1.
1 73
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Northey Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
30 Northey Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Nathaniel Appleton, Jr. c. 1809
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
c. 1809, 2003
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1809
2003
30
Appleton
circa
History
House
Jr.
Massachusetts
Nathaniel
Northey
Salem
Street