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100
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Beckford Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
17 Beckford Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Abner Goodhue, blacksmith, by 1830
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
by 1830, 1978
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joyce King
Language
A language of the resource
English
17
17 Beckford
1830
1978
Abner
Abner Goodhue
Bancroft
Beckford
Blacksmith
Federal
Goodhue
Grant
Northend
William
wood
-
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44a2a6a2c7c38af97c3ae4d97eb42f91
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
River Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4 River Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built by Daniel Bancroft Jr. Housewright in 1806
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1806, 1985
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joyce King
Language
A language of the resource
English
1806
1985
4
Bancroft
Daniel
History
House
Jr.
Massachusetts
River
Salem
Street
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eef3bf4b37d93d39ce79daf18fcbd26e
PDF Text
Text
HISTORIC
SALEM INC
29 Broad Street
Salem, MA
Built for
Ezekiel Savage,
Esquire And his children
1808
Home of
Captain Oliver Thayer And
wife Rachel Bancroft
And remains in possession of their descendants
1839 to 2020
Researched and written by Robert Booth, Public History Services Inc.
February 2020
Historic Salem, Inc.
9 North Street
Salem, MA 01970
(978) 745-0799 I historicsalem.org
©2020
�Owners & Occupants
29 Broad Street, Salem
By Robert Booth, Public History Services Inc. ~, ?.R;'ltZ)
l
According to available evidence, this house was built in 1808 for Ezekiel
Savage, Esq., and his children. Later it was the home of Capt. Oliver Thayer and
wife Rachel Bancroft; and it remains in possession of their descendants.
On 1 July 1807 Ezekiel Savage, guardian of his three offspring by wife Ann
Hathorne (who had died in 1806), was awarded several pieces of property in the
division of the William Hathorne estate. This included Lot 3, so called, bounded
north on Broad Street 85', east 162' 6" on Lot 4, south 84' on Lot 16, west 173' on
Hathorne Street (ED 184:88). On this lot, Squire Savage had this elegant house
built in the following year. It was the finest residence on Broad Street at the time.
Earlier, Ezekiel Savage and family had occupied a house (and he a law-office
building) on upper Essex Street, per Oliver Thayer: "We pass on to the office of
Ezekiel Savage Esq., and then to an old two-story gambrel-roof house with two
tenements, in one of which Mr. Savage lived, and from which he removed to his new
house on Broad, corner of Hathorne Street, in 1808" (per O.T.'s "Early Recollections
of the Upper Part of Essex Street"). Some years later, the Savages' former
(pre-1808) residence would be torn down to make way for the present building and
grounds of the First Church.
Ezekiel Savage Esq. 1760-1837) was an important figure in Salem, where he
served for years as a judge of the court of common pleas. His father, Thomas
(1710-1760), a merchant of Boston, died when Ezekiel was a new-born, leaving
three other children; in 1765 Ezekiel's mother, Sarah (Cheever) Savage (17271812), married again (William Taylor) and moved the family to Milton. Ezekiel
entered Harvard in 1774. The college moved to Concord when the British occupied
its buildings in Cambridge. Ezekiel's stepfather Taylor was a Loyalist and fled (he
later returned). While a collegian, on a day that found Ezekiel visiting the troops at
Winter Hill during the siege of Boston, a British cannonball landed so near that he
was sprayed with dirt.
After graduation Ezekiel went to Weymouth to study under Mr. Smith, the clergyman
(father of Abigail Adams, wife of the future president). In 1783 he gave up the
ministry, entered into a partnership in Boston with his half-brother Habijah, and, at
23, married Margaret Vose of Milton. In 1784 they moved to
�Salem, where their daughters Sarah (1784) and Margaret (1787) were born. In
1788 they moved to Boston, where Ezekiel worked as a shopkeeper and
tobacconist. Margaret (Vose) Savage died in 1793 (after the birth of son Thomas);
and in 1794 Ezekiel, with children, returned to Salem, where he worked as a
magistrate and would be known as Squire Savage. In December, 1797, he married
Ann Hathorne (1766-1806), daughter of William Hathorne & Mary Touzell. She
became a stepmother to Sarah, Margaret, and Thomas; and Ezekiel and Ann
would proceed to have three children, Mary, John, and Ann.
Ezekiel Savage (1760-1837), son of Thomas Savage & Sarah Cheever, died 22
June 1837. Hem. 1783 Margaret Vose (1763-1793), dtr. of Joseph Vose & Sarah
How, died 1 Oct. 1793. He m/2 1797 Ann (Nancy) Hathorne (1766-1806), dtr. of
William Hathorne & Mary Touze/1, died Oct. 1806. He m/3 1813 Parnell Cadman (b.
1760), dtr. of John Cadman & Abigail Asbury; of Dorchester in
1846. Known issue:
1. Sarah, 24 Aug. 1784, died 25 Feb. 1837; author & teacher.
2. Margaret, 1787, d. 29 April 1862
3. Thomas, 1793, Harvard 1813, Harvard Divinity School, minister in NH,
married twice and had issue; died 8 May 1866.
4. Mary Hathorne, 1798, d. 14 Jan. 1871.
5. John Touze/1 Hathorne, 1801-1843, m. Elizabeth Griffin, went to
Mississippi; physician.
6. Ann Hathorne, 1802, d. 10 Nov. 1886.
In February, 1806, Rev. William Bentley noted in his diary that he had received a
latter from "Esquire Savage recommending the introduction of Hannah Adams'
book" which was titled "Truth & Excellence of the Christian Religion." Bentley
suspected some political maneuvering in this, but told himself that Hannah Adams
"is a woman of personal merit who deserves·encouragement for her industry and
perhaps literary attainments." This shows that the Savages were readers. Hannah
Adams would write other books, some of them empowering to women. Daughter
Sarah was then twenty, presumably reading avidly.
Mrs. Ann (Hathorne) Savage never lived in this house, having died before its
construction. As mentioned, Squire Savage had the house built in 1808. He
resided here with his two sons and four daughters. In 1813 he married Parnell
Cadman (1760-1846), who would survive him and die in Dorchester in 1846.
Ezekiel's eldest, Sarah Savage (1784-1837), was the most interesting member of
this accomplished family. She conducted a private school, presumably in this house.
She wrote fiction, including a slim novella, "The Factory Girl," about a young woman
working in a textile factory and discovering her own identity
2
�(1814). Other books she wrote were titled "Trial and Discipline," "James Talbot,"
"Alfred," "The Backslider," as well as stories that appeared in "Scenes and
Persons, Illustrating Christian Character" (1833): Sarah Savage was among the
first women writers of fiction in America, and certainly unique in Salem. She would
remain single.
Of the many cases at law over which judge Savage presided, perhaps none was
more controversial than that heard in 1825, in which John Mumford brought suit
against the Crowninshield brothers, Dick and George, for mayhem at the Mumford
road house, situated on Essex Street near the gate of the BostonSalem turnpike
(now Highland Avenue). That trial is described in the book "Death of an Empire."
Judge Savage warned of the tragic effects of this sort of crime and the crowd
attracted by its lurid aspects. Later, in 1830, Dick Crowninshield, was hired as an
assassin and murdered Capt. Joseph White of 128 Essex Street-an event that,
combined with other factors, would bring disgrace upon Salem.
In the 1837 Salem Directory, compiled in 1836, we find Ezekiel Savage listed as a
"notary," residing at 29 Broad Street.
Sarah Savage died on Feb. 25, 1837, aged fifty-two. Her father, Ezekiel Savage,
died the following June 22, aged 76 years. He was survived by his wife Parnell (she
moved away) and by his offspring.
In May, 1839, for $250 Oliver Thayer, gentleman, purchased from Mary H.,
Margaret, and Ann Savage a piece of land on Broad Street, bounded 49' 7" on the
street and running back about 200' between land of the Savages and land of
Goldthwait (on the west) (ED 313:40). The term "gentleman" meant one who was
sufficiently living on investments or the work of others. Perhaps Oliver and Rachel
thought to build on that parcel; but they decided to sell (for a $175 profit) and did so
on Nov. 25, 1839 (ED 316:16).
Having connected with the Savages, Captain Thayer purchased their elegant house
on Broad Street. On Nov. 18, 1839, he, identified now as a Salem merchant, paid
$2700 to the Misses Savage-Mary H., Margaret, and Ann-for the homestead
formerly of their father, Ezekiel Savage Esq. (ED 315:299). The land, at the corner
of Broad and Circus (now Hathorne) Streets, fronted about 80' on Broad and ran
back about 180' in depth. The Savages gave him back a full-price mortgage, which
would be repaid in 1847 (.ED 315:299).
The Thayer family moved in (per the 1840 census): Oliver and Rachel, three
boys, two girls, and a probable maidservant in her twenties; remarkably, the three
Savages-Margaret, Mary H., and Ann-continued to live here too,
3
�through 1846 at least (per directories). In 1847 (evidently) the Savage sisters
moved out and in 1849 were residing at then-35 Broad (per directories).
The Thayers would plant a beautiful garden on their property.
Oliver Thayer (1798-1893) was the son of Stephen Thayer (d. 1813) and Rebecca
Oliver (1774-1866), the first of six children. Stephen, a native of Danvers, worked as
a shoemaker; Rebecca, a native of Salem, was the daughter of Hubbard Oliver and
Rebecca Wallis (1743-1836). Mr. Oliver, a brazier (coppersmith), would, in his last
years, serve as the town bell-man; and at 74, in February, 1819, he would die of
injuries after being hit by a cart (in his diary Rev. William Bentley reflects on aspects
of Mr._Oliver's life).
The Stephen Thayers had moved to Salem by 1800 (per census) and resided,
evidently, on upper Essex Street, where Stephen's father Benjamin had a house at
the corner of May Street. In 1804 Stephen Thayer purchased a house and land on
the north side of Broad Street (ED 173:251), near the home of his wife's brother
William W. Oliver, an influential Custom House official.
Stephen & Rebecca sent Oliver to the Hacker School, from which he was graduated
in a class of one hundred in 1806. Stephen died in March 1813, aged 38 years,
leaving Rebecca with the care of five children, of whom the eldest, Oliver, was
fifteen. Perhaps he had already been apprenticed as a mariner and was sailing on
privateers (the War of 1812 was being fought). Rebecca (Wallis) Thayer would live
out a very long life, unmarried, in Salem.
Evidently Oliver made a voyage on board the ship "Augustus" in 1815 to Smyrna in
the Mediterranean, Smyrna being the source of opium for shipment to Asia; and he
spent several months in Smyrna (see obituary).
Oliver grew tall (5' 9½") and by 1817 was working asa seaman on merchant vessels
sailing out of Salem. This career would take him all over the world, and he would
rise to the rank of shipmaster by 1826.
In 1817, Oliver (described as dark in complexion and 5' 9" tall) sailed on board the
246-ton ship "Augustus," owned by Joseph Peabody and bound for Havana,
departing on April 25 (SCL, Mystic Seaport, which is the source for the maritime info
below). One year later, he sailed on board the ship "China" for ports in Europe &
India. A year after that, in 1819, he, at 21, sailed on the same vessel for Leghorn
(Italy) and India. In 1820 he sailed on board the "Augustus" for St. Petersburgh,
Russia, departing May 24. In 1821 he sailed in the same vessel to the South of
Europe, departing Salem Harbor on Jan. 3. And in 1822
4
�he sailed as a deckhand on board the brig "Niagara," departing on April 24 for the
North of Europe.
Oliver's persistence was rewarded with an appointment to First Mate of the ship
"Augustus," sailing on December 9, 1822, for India. He was back home by April 24,
1824, when he and Rachel Bancroft, twenty, married. Rachel was one ofthe five children
of Daniel Bancroft, a Lynn Street carpenter and builder, and his wife Sally Cloutman,
who had wed in 1794. Eventually, Daniel would become a lumber dealer, a business in
which he would be joined by his son-inlaw Oliver Thayer. Daniel's father had been an
architect and builder who worked closely with Samuel McIntire. The Thayers resided
with the Bancrofts at 3 Lynn Street.
On May 7, 1824, Oliver sailed as First Mate of the "Augustus" for South America.
He sailed as First Mate of the same vessel in 1825, departing for Europe on June
1.
Early in 1826 he was hired as master of the brig "Stork," bound for Brazil, departing on
March 3. This was his first known command. It was a short trip; and on his return he
was given command of the brig "Jason," bound for St. Thomas and departing on Sept.
23. In command of the same, he sailed for Leghorn (Livorno, Italy), on June 7, 1827. He
had returned by December, and took command ofthe brig "Niagara," sailing for St.
Thomas on Dec. 27. Joseph Peabody was the owner.
Captain Thayer and wife Rachel at that time had a one-year-old, Edward, born Dec. 3,
1826. In 1828 Oliver may have sailed out of another port. Edward died in July, 1828, at
two.
In 1829 Oliver sailed in command of the brig "Niagara," departing for Antwerp on March
31. His next known Salem command was the brig "Amazon," owned by Joseph
Peabody, departing for Matanzas, Cuba, on Aug. 5, 1831, returning in March, 1832, by
way of New Orleans and Marseilles (see obituary). This appears to have been his final
voyage in command of a Salem vessel. By then, the couple had two little daughters,
Rachel and Rebecca.
Oliver Thayer "swallowed the anchor" and came ashore. He set up as a merchant with
his father-in-law, Daniel Bancroft, lumber dealer, who had bought a wharf for a lumber
yard in 1832 (ED 263:123). The wharf fronted 52' on then-Water Street, which was
later incorporated into Derby Street (site #289 Derby Street, Waterfront Park,
evidently). The Bancroft-Thayer lumber wharf on the South River (Inner Harbor) lay
between the wharves of Joseph Peabody Esq. and Jonathan Ashby.
5
�In 1836 (per 1837 Directory) Oliver Thayer resided with his family at 3 Lynn Street,
and operated the lumber yard at 45 Water Street as a partner in Bancroft & Thayer.
At that time, too, Oliver's mother, Mrs. Rebecca (Wallis) Thayer, resided at then-33
Federal Street with her daughters-two working as teachers at a charity school, and
one working as a milliner. Oliver dealt in lumber for construction and may also have
sold wood for fuel. The source of the wood was Maine, from which lumber
schooners came to Salem and discharged their cargoes along the waterfront at the
merchants' wharves.
Evidently the lumber business was good. In June, 1839, Oliver Thayer, lumber
dealer, purchased a waterfront parcel off Harbor Street, on the South River (Inner
Harbor) from the bankrupt J. K. Haynes & Co. (ED 313 290). This would become a
Thayer lumberyard with a Harbor Street address.
Salem had not prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages.
The North River served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste from
the 25 tanneries that had set up along its banks. Throughout the 1830s, the
leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy for their fellow citizens, many
of whom were mariners without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity, ambition, and
hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant built
in 1818 in North Salem, the production of alum and blue vitriol was a specialty; and
it proved a very successful business.
Some Salem merchants turned to whaling in the 1830s, which led to the building of
two small steam-powered factories producing high-quality candles and machine oils
at Stage Point. The manufacturing of white lead began in the 1820s, and grew large
after 1830, when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River were retooled for making
high-quality white lead and sheet lead (the approach to Marblehead is still called
Lead Mills Hill, although the empty mill buildings
burned down in 1960s).
·
These enterprises started Salem in a new direction. In 1838 the Eastern Rail
Road, headquartered in Salem, began operating between Boston and Salem,
which gave the local people a direct route to the region's largest market. The new
railroad tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond; the tunnel under
Washington Street was built in 1839; and the line was extended to Newburyport in
1840.
6
�Oliver Thayer {1798-1893), born 12 March 1798, son of Stephen Thayer &
Rebecca Wallis, died 1 June 1893. Hem. 24 April 1824 Rachel B. Bancroft
(1804-1887), dtr. of Daniel Bancroft {1772-1844) & Sarah Cloutman {17741853), died 15 Feb. 1887, aged 83 years, of anemia. Known issue, surname
Thayer:
1. Edward Smith, 1826, died 1828.
2. Rachel Maria, 1829, m. 15 Nov. 1849 John Sfr!ith Jones {1825-1889),
died April 3, 1913.
3. Sarah Rebecca, 1831, died 1835.
4. William Oliver, 1833-1873, m. 1865 Mary E. Wells; two daughters.
5. Daniel Bancroft, 1835-1840.
6. Edward Smith 2nd, 1837, m. 1862 Kate Felt
7. Rebecca Oliver, 1840, m. 1862 William Gavett
8. Sarah Bancroft, 1842, m. 1863 Jose Margotte
9. Marianna, 1844, d. 2 Dec. 1868.
On Sept. 9, 1844, Daniel Bancroft died of consumption (tuberculosis) at age 72,
probably at his house at 3 Lynn Street, leaving Mrs. Rachel Thayer as one of his five
heirs.
The 1840s proved to be a decade of explosive growth in Salem's leather industry,
still conducted largely as a mass-production handicraft, and its new textile
manufacturing, applying leading edge machine technology.
The tanning of animal hides and curing of leather, a filthy and smelly enterprise,
took place on and near Boston Street, along the upper North River. In 1844, there
were 41 tanneries; a few years later, that number had doubled and in 1850 they
employed 550 workers. Salem had become one of the largest leather-producers in
America; and it would continue to grow in importance throughout the 1800s.
If he had not done so already, Oliver Thayer likely assumed full control of the
lumber wharf. We see Captain Thayer at work as he agreed to furnish lumber for
houses being built on Phelps Court (July, 1844) and (June, 1845) on Dearborn
Street (ED 348:99, 353:8).
In 1845 Oliver Thayer (per 1846 Directory) resided at 29 Broad with his family and
ran the lumber wharf at then-45 Water Street. Stephen Thayer, Oliver's brother,
worked at the lumber wharf as a clerk, and lived at 10 Carpenter Street. Oliver's
mother, Mrs. Rebecca (Wallis) Thayer, widow, resided at then- 34 Broad Street
with family members.
7
�Per 1847 Street Book (ward 3), 29 Broad Street was occupied by Oliver Thayer
and Stephen Thayer and their families. At 36 Broad Street lived William W. Oliver,
Mrs. Rachel Thayer's brother, and family members.
Stephen Thayer (Jr.) (1802-1886), b. 26 Oct. 1802, son of Stephen Thayer & Rebecca
Oliver, died of paralysis, 27 May 1886. Hem. 29 Oct. 1829 Jane Holbrook
{1805-1892), dtr. of Thomas Holbrook Esq. of Canton and widow of Mr. Ke/loch
evidently; died 4 Oct. 1892. They resided in Canton, then in Salem. Known issue:
1.
Stephen Oliver, 1831
2.
Edward Cornelius, b. & d. 1833.
3.
Mary Jane, 1834-1838.
4.
5.
Edward Francis, 1837-1916, m. 1862 Nancy J. Sherman.
MaryJane,1841
In 1847, along the inner-harbor shoreline of the large peninsula known as Stage
Point, the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company completed construction of the largest
steam cotton factory building in the world, four stories high, 60' wide, 400' long,
running 1700 looms and 31,000 spindles to produce millions of yards of first-quality
cotton sheeting and shirting. It was immediately profitable, and 600 people found
employment there, many of them living in new houses on The Point. The cotton
sheeting of The Point found a ready market in East Africa, and brought about a
revival of shipping, led by the merchants David Pingree (president of the Naumkeag
company) and John Bertram.
In Lynn, the factory system was perfected, and that city became the nation's
leading shoe producer. Salem had shoe factories too, and attracted shoe workers
from outlying towns and the countryside. Even the population changed, as
hundreds of Irish families, fleeing the famine in Ireland, settled in Salem and gave
the industrialists a big pool of cheap labor.
The Gothic symbol of Salem's new industrial economy was the outsized twintowered granite-and-brick train station-the "stone depot" -smoking and growling
with idling locomotives, standing on filled-in land at the foot of Washington Street,
on the site of shipyards and the merchants' wharves.
In general, foreign commerce waned: in the late 1840s, giant clipper ships sailing
from Boston and New York replaced the smaller vessels that Salem men had sailed
around the world. The town's shipping consisted of vessels carrying coal and
importing hides from Africa and Brazil, and Down East coasters with cargoes of fuel
wood and lumber. A picture of Salem's waterfront is given by
8
�Hawthorne in his mean-spirited "Introduction" to The Scarlet Letter, which he began
while working in the Custom House.
John Smith Jones married Rachel Maria Thayer in 1849. He was the son of
Salemites William Jones (born Ipswich in 1790) and Elizabeth Giles, daughter of
Samuel Giles and Elizabeth Reith of Marblehead. Like his father-in-law Giles,
William Jones was a joiner, or finish carpenter; the family resided on Lafayette Street
in 1837 (he was listed as a cabinet maker) and on Walnut Street (now Hawthorne
Boulevard) in 1842, William working as both a house-joiner and ship-joiner (per
directories).
It is possible that John S. Jones clerked for Oliver Thayer at the lumber wharf. In
1850 (per census, ward 3, house 682) here (at #29) lived Oliver Thayer, 52,
proprietor of a lumber wharf, $3500 in r.e., Rachel, 46, Wm. 0., 16, clerk, Ed, 13,
Rebecca, 10, Sarah, 8, and Mary A., 6, attended by domestic servant Bridget
"Lothrum" (probably Loughlin), 18, born Ireland, and Sarah Bancroft, 73; also, John
S. Jones, 26, clerk, and Maria R., 21, attended by Irish-born Mary Howes, 25. Sarah
Bancroft was surely Mrs. "Sally" (Sarah Cloutman) Bancroft, Rachel Thayer's
widowed mother.
Sally Cloutman (1774-1853) was born in Salem, the daughter of Henry Cloutman,
a fisherman, and Sarah Lang, who had wed in 1767. The Cloutmans had seven
children, some of whom probably died young. Sally married Daniel Bancroft Jr.,
carpenter, and the couple resided at the Bancroft house (3 Lynn Street), purchased
in 1785 by builder and architect Daniel Bancroft Sr. (died 1818) from a Lang
(perhaps a brother of Sally's mother). Sally (Cloutman) Bancroft died on Sept. 6,
1853, of paralysis, likely at this house (#29).
Salem's industrial growth continued through the 1850s, as business expanded, the
population swelled, new churches were built, new working-class neighborhoods
were developed (especially at The Point, South Salem along Lafayette Street, in
North Salem, off Boston Street, and along the Mill Pond behind the Broad Street
graveyard); and new schools, factories, and stores were erected. A second,
even-larger factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was added
in 1859, down at Stage Point, where a new Methodist Church went up in 1852; and
many neat new homes, boardinghouses, and stores lined the streets between
Lafayette and Congress. The tanning business continued to boom, as better and
larger tanneries were built along Boston Street and Mason Street; and subsidiary
industries sprang up as well, most notably the J.M. Anderson glue-works on the
Turnpike (Highland Avenue).
9
�As it re-established itself as an economic powerhouse, Salem took a strong
interest in national politics. It was primarily Republican, and strongly antislavery,
with its share of outspoken abolitionists, led by Charles Remand, a passionate
speaker who came from one of the city's leading black families. At its Lyceum (on
Church Street) and in other venues, plays and shows were put on, but cultural
lectures and political speeches were given too.
In 1855 (per census, house 20), this house (#29) was occupied as a two-family.
Here lived Oliver Thayer, 56, lumber dealer, wife Rachel, 52, and offspring William,
22, and Edward, 18, both working as clerks, Rebecca, 16, Sarah, 13, and Mary A.,
11, all attended by domestic servant Bridget Laughlin, 21, a native of Ireland. In the
other unit resided John S. Jones, 31, clerk, Mary, 26, Edward, 5, infant Oliver, and
domestic servant Nancy Laughlin, 18, perhaps Bridget's sister.
Per 1857 Directory, Oliver Thayer was listed at 29 Broad, operating lumber wharves
at 199 Derby and 15 Peabody Streets. William 0., a clerk at 199 Derby, also lived at
29 Broad. Stephen Thayer, Oliver's brother, of 44 Broad, worked
as a clerk at the 15 Peabody St. lumber wharf. Margaret Savage, once a
resident here, still lived nearby; she would die in 1862.
In 1860 (per census, house 2032) here lived Capt. Oliver Thayer, 62, lumber
dealer, wife Rachel, 57, and offspring William 0., 26, and Edward S., 23, clerks,
Rebecca 0., 20, Sarah, 18, and Mary A., 16, also Phoebe E., 23, teacher, born
Nova Scotia. Also: John S. Jones, 36, flour dealer, Rachel M., 30, Edward W., 9,
Oliver T., 6, and domestic servant Margaret O'Donnell, 20.
With the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, it was clear that some Southern
states would secede from the union; and Salem, which had done so much to win
the independence of the nation, steeled itself to force the seceders to remain a part
of it.
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years, during which
hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy, and many were killed or died
of disease or abusive treatment while imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered wounds,
or broken health. The people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to alleviate the
suffering of the soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was great celebration
when the war finally ended in the spring of 1865.
Through the 1860s, Salem pursued manufacturing, especially of leather and shoes
and textiles. The managers and capitalists tended to build their new, grand houses
along Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of Holly Street; many
are in the French Second Empire style, with mansard roofs). Factory workers, living
in smaller houses and tenements, wanted something
I
O
�better for themselves: in 1864 they went on strike for higher wages and fewer hours
of work.
On Broad Street in 1865 (per census, house 17) here lived Capt. Oliver Thayer, 67,
lumber dealer, wife Rachel, 61, son William 0., 31, bookkeeper, and daughter
Mariana, 21. Also: John S. Jones, 40, flour merchant, Rachel Maria, 36, Edward
W., 14, George W., 3, and infant Egbert, all attended by servant Anastasia Quinlan,
19, a native of Ireland. Egbert would die of scarlet fever on Nov. 28, 1871, aged
seven.
William 0. Thayer, a graduate of Comer's Commercial College in Boston
(bookkeeping and navigation, specialties), married Mary E. Wells in 1865, and they
went to live at then-22 Liberty Street, from which he commuted to Boston to work as
a clerk. They would have daughters Grace (b. 1867) and Mary (b. 1870). William
would die on June 2, 1873, aged 39. He was remembered as an avid horticulturist in
youth who had exhibited fruit and flowers from his parents' garden (see EIHC, 1873).
In the later 1860s Oliver and Rachel Thayer moved to South Salem to reside with
daughter Sarah and her family. In 1870 (per census) they, 72 and 66, lived at
then-116 Lafayette Street with Jose Margatti, 29, bookkeeper originally from Manila
($10,000 in r.e., $10,000 in p.e.), wife Sarah (nee Thayer), 28, and children Dolores,
5, and Marianna, 3, attended by Mary Brown, 35.
In 1870 Salem received its last cargo from Zanzibar. By then, a new Salem & New
York freight steamboat line was in operation. Seven years later, with the arrival of a
vessel from Cayenne, Salem's foreign trade came to an end. After that, "the
merchandise warehouses on the wharves no longer contained silks from India, tea
from China, pepper from Sumatra, coffee from Arabia, spices from Batavia,
gum-copal from Zanzibar, hides from Africa, and the various other products of
far-away countries. The boys have ceased to watch on the Neck for the incoming
vessels, hoping to earn a reward by being the first to announce to the expectant
merchant the safe return of his looked-for vessel. The foreign commerce of Salem,
once her pride and glory, has spread its white wings and sailed away forever" (Rev.
George Bachelder in History of Essex County, II: 65).
In 1870 (per census, house 165) here (#29) lived the Thayer sisters, Rebecca and
Maria, and their husbands and families: Rebecca 0. Gavett, 30, husband William
F., 32, bookkeeper, and daughter Rachel F., 5; also, Frances C., 50, and Frances
C., 29, with servant Mary Graham, 21 (born PEI); also, John S. Jones, 45,
commission merchant ($8,000 in r.e., $8,000 in p.e.), Maria R., 39, Edward, 19,
store clerk, George W., 8, and Egbert, 5. Nearby lived their uncle Stephen
1
1
�Thayer, 67, bill collector ($4500 in p.e.), Jane H., 65, Mary J., 29, teacher, and
Betsy Shepherd, 89.
Salem continued to prosper in the 1870s, carried forward by the leathermaking
business. In 1874 the city was visited by a tornado and shaken by a minor
earthquake. In the following year, the large Pennsylvania Pier (site of the present
coal-fired harborside electrical generating plant) was completed to begin receiving
large shipments of coal, most of it shipped by rail to the factories on the Merrimack.
In the neck of land beyond the Pier, a new owner began subdividing the old Allen
farmlands into a development called Salem Willows and Juniper Point. In the U. S.
centennial year, 1876, A. G. Bell of
Salem announced that he had discovered a way to transmit voices over
telegraph wires.
In this decade, large numbers of French-Canadian families came to work in Salem's
mills and factories, and more houses and tenements were built. The better-off
workers bought portions of older houses or built small homes for their families in the
outlying sections of the city; and by 1879 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton mills would
employ 1500 people (including hundreds of children) and produce annually nearly
15 million yards of cloth. Shoe-manufacturing businesses expanded in the 1870s,
and 40 shoe factories were employing 600- plus operatives. Tanning, in both Salem
and Peabody, remained a very important industry, and employed hundreds of
breadwinners. On Boston Street in 1879, the Arnold tannery caught fire and burned
down.
On Broad Street in 1880, #29 was occupied (per census] as a two-family: here lived
John S. Jones, 59, flour & grain, Rachel, 50, Edward W. 29, and George W. 18,
clerks; also, the widow of William O Thayer, Mary. E, 42, and daughters Grace, 13,
and Mary W., ten.
In 1880 (per census), Capt. Oliver Thayer, 81, retired (and presumably, Rachel, 74,
who is not listed), resided at then-116 Lafayette Street with the Margatti family:
Jose, 38, bookkeeper at a Boston firm, Sarah, 37, and children Dolores and
Marianna, 15 and 12; also, Edward Rowell, 29, hostler, and two servants, May
Jane Green, 47, and Matilda Okersteren, 36, a native of Sweden.
In the 1880s and 1890s, Salem kept building infrastructure; and new
businesses arose, and established businesses expanded. Retail stores
prospered; horse-drawn trolleys ran every which-way; and machinists,
carpenters, millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. In 1880, Salem's
manufactured goods were valued at about $8.4 million, of which leather
accounted for nearly half.
1
2
�In the summer of 1886, the Knights of Labor brought a strike against the
manufacturers for a ten-hour day and other concessions; but the manufacturers
imported labor from Maine and Canada, and kept going. The strikers held out,
and there was violence in the streets, and even rioting; but the owners prevailed,
and many of the defeated workers lost their jobs and suffered, with their families,
through a bitter winter.
By the mid-1880s, Salem's cotton-cloth mills at the Point employed 1400 people
who produced about 19 million yards annually, worth about $1.5 million. The city's
large shoe factories stood downtown behind the stone depot and on Dodge and
Lafayette Streets. A jute bagging company prospered with plants on Skerry Street
and English Street; its products were sent south to be used in cotton-baling. Salem
factories also produced· lead, paint, and oil. At the Eastern Railroad yard on Bridge
Street, cars were repaired and even built new. In 1887 the streets were first lit with
electricity, replacing gas-light. The gas works, which had stood on Northey Street
since 1850, was moved to a larger site on Bridge Street in 1888, opposite the
Beverly Shore.
On Dec. 2, 1889, John S. Jones died of paralysis, aged 65 years. He left his wife
Rachel and their sons George and Edward.
More factories and more people required more space for buildings, more roads,
and more storage areas. This space was created by filling in rivers, harbors, and
ponds. The once-broad North River was filled from both shores, and became a
canal along Bridge Street above the North Bridge. The large and beautiful Mill Pond,
which occupied the whole area between the present Jefferson Avenue, Canal
Street, and Loring Avenue, finally vanished beneath streets, storage areas,
junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots. The South River, too, with its epicenter at
Central Street (the Custom House had opened there in 1805) disappeared under
the pavement of Riley Plaza and New Derby Street, and some of its old wharves
were joined together with much in-fill and turned into coal-yards and lumber-yards.
Only a canal was left, running in from Derby and Central Wharves to Lafayette
Street.
In June, 1900 (per census), this house (#29) was occupied by Rachel Jones, 60,
widow and son George W., 38, a chemical company clerk (one unit), and by (other
unit) Edward W. Jones, 49, clerk in a carpet manufacturing firm, and wife
Charlotte, 45.
In December of that year, 1900, George W. Jones, 39, listed as a bookkeeper,
married his cousin Mary W. Thayer, 31, the daughter of William 0. Thayer,
deceased, and Mary E. Wells. They would have three children: Helen, Malcolm, and
Quinton. By 1910 they were (per census) residing at 13 Crombie Street
1
3
�with Helen, 16, Malcolm, 8, and Quinton, 6, and with Mary's sister Grace, 43, who
worked as a Court House clerk.
At #29 in 1910 were (per census) Rachel M. Jones, 89, and boarder Mary
Perley, 60; also, Edward W. Jones, 59, clerk, wife Charlotte, 56, and servant
Marie Scahill, 22, born in Ireland.
Salem kept growing. The Canadians were followed in the early 20th century by large
numbers of Polish and Ukrainian families, who settled primarily in the Derby Street
neighborhood, and by Sicilians, in the High Street neighborhood. By the eve of
World War One, the bustling, polyglot city supported large department stores and
factories of every description. People from the surrounding towns, and Marblehead
in particular, came to Salem to do their shopping; and its handsome government
buildings, as befit the county seat, were busy with conveyances of land, lawsuits,
and probate proceedings. The city's politics were lively, and its economy was
strong.
Mrs. Rachel Maria (Thayer) Jones died on April 3, 1913. In that year, this house
(#29) was occupied (per directory) by her sons Edward and George and their
families.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, at Blubber Hollow (Boston Street at Proctor), a fire
started in small wooden shoe factory. This fire soon raced out of control, for the west
wind was high and the season had been dry. Out of Blubber Hollow the fire roared
easterly, a monstrous front of flame and smoke, wiping out houses on Boston Street,
Essex Street, and upper Broad Street (this house was spared but only barely), and
then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and other residential streets.
Men and machines could not stop it:
the enormous fire crossed over into South Salem and destroyed the
neighborhoods west of Lafayette Street, then devoured the mansions of
Lafayette Street itself, and raged onward into the houses of The Point.
Despite the combined efforts of crews from many towns and cities, the fire
overwhelmed everything in its path, including the large buildings of the Naumkeag
Steam Cotton Company factory complex. At Derby Street, just beyond Union,
after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died, having consumed three lives, 250
acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories. Thousands were made homeless. Some
people had insurance, some did not; all received much
support and generous donations from all over the country and the world. It
was one of the greatest urban disasters in the history of the United States, and the
people of Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually, they did, and many
of the former houses and businesses were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal
projects (including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved removing old houses and
widening old streets) were put into effect.
1
4
�By 1920 Salem was once again a thriving city. In that year (per census, h. 116),
#29 was occupied by Edward Jones, 69, and wife Charlotte, 66, with servant
Frances Roye, 24, born in Canada (one unit) and by George W. Jones, 58, a
bookkeeper, wife Mary W., 50, and offspring Helen T., 25, a college teacher,
Malcolm B., 17, and Quinton 0., 16.
Salem's tercentenary in 1926 was a time of great celebration. The Depression hit
in 1929, and continued through the 1930s. Salem, the county seat and regional
retail center, gradually rebounded.
Salem prospered after World War II through the 1950s and into the 1960s. General
Electric, Sylvania, Parker Brothers, Pequot Mills (formerly Naumkeag Steam Cotton
Co.), Almy's and Newmark's and Webber's department stores, various other
retailers, and Beverly's United Shoe Machinery Company were all
major local employers.
·
The ownership of this house descended in the family. By the end of the 20th
century, and well before, it was occupied by the artist Quinton Oliver Jones, who
died in 1999.
1
5
�Glossary & Sources
A figure like (ED 123:45} refers to book 123, page 45, Essex South Registry
of Deeds.
·
A figure like (#12345) refers to Essex Probate case 12345, on file at the Essex
Probate Court, or on microfilm at Mass. Archives, Boston, or at the Peabody
Essex Museum's Phillips Library, Rowley.
MSSRW refers to the multi-volume compendium, Mass. Soldiers & Sailors in the
Revolutionary War, at the Salem Public Library among other places.
MSSCRW refers to the multi-volume compendium, Mass. Soldiers, Sailors, &
Marines in the Civil War, at the Salem Public Library among other places.
EIHC refers to the Essex Institute Historical Collections (discontinued), a
multi-volume set (first volume published in 1859) of data and articles about Essex
County. The indices of the EIHC have been consulted regarding many of the
people associated with this house.
The six-volume published Salem Vital Records (marriages, births, and deaths
through 1849} have been consulted, and the Salem Directory and later
Naumkeag Directory, with data about residents and their addresses, etc.
Sidney Perley's three-volume History of Salem, 1626-1716, has been
consulted, as has the four-volume William Bentley's Diary, J. Duncan
Phillips' books, some newspapers, and other sources.
Salem real estate valuations, and, where applicable, Salem Street Books,
have also been consulted, as have genealogies.
There is much more material available about Salem and its history; and the
reader is encouraged to make his or her own discoveries.
--Robert Booth
1
6
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�Savage's Biography I Digitizing Early American Literature
7/15/19, 4:05 PM
Dog Owners #1 Mistake
What Your Dog ts T0ting To Wam Al)out If They Uc~ Their Paws
Savage's Biography
Sarah Savage was born in Salem, Massachusetts on August 24, 1784 to Ezekiel Savage and Margaret Vose Savage. She
had a sister, Margaret, and a brother, Thomas. There is little known of Savage's formal education, but she was far more
literate than many girls of her day. During her childhood, Savage's family bounced between religious denominations often
before she herself developed increasingly Unitarian views. Savage lived with her father for all of her life; they shared a
house in which she wrote her books, when she was not teaching, until she died, unmarried, on February 25, 1837.
Before writing her first novel The Factory Girl in 1814, Savage was the head of a private school in Salem. In 1813, she began
a "Sabbath school" much like the one in The Factory Girl. These schools, unlike the private schools of the time, were for
children of poor families who could not afford to go to school, and therefore could not read or write. Savage's fascination with
factory girls came from the factories near where she lived.[ihe same year The Factory Girl was published, Savage saw an ad
in the Salem Gazette calling for "six to eight girls between the ages
'
of fourteen and twenty of industrious steady habits and fair reputation" to work as weavers in the Danvers Cotton Factory, one of the earliest in the United State~Though The Factory Girl had already been started, this was the
inspiration for many of her other works, where she would again focus on morality in Industrial America. ~ a e ublished at
least twelve books anon mousl between The Facto Girl in 1814 and her death in 1837: Filial
,..
----
Affection;, 0r, Tbe Clergyman's Granddaughter (1820), James Talbot (1821), Advice to a Young Woman at Service
{1823), The Suspected Boy {1824), The Badge {1824), The Two Birth-Days {1826), Life of Phillip, the Indian Chief
(1827), &nday School Conversations (1829, following a trend in writing narrative conversations), Blind Mariam Restored
to Sight {1833), and her last, Trial and Self-Discipline {1835). Her works were all primarily focused on morat issues and
religion, and aimed at children and young adults because of her history as a teacher.
https://digitizingearlyaml.wordpres~.e;om/factory~gi_rl-by-sarah,:savage/savages~biography/
Page 1 of 2
�FAMILY MEMORIAL.
r. Gideon l". W.,
2.:'Ilia! Thayer,
born
1822
" 22 Oct. 1824
3. :'\loses B.,
:'.\fr. Gideon Thayer died 21 December, 1829.
:'.\Irs. Betsey Thayer died I November, 1830.
xe. 1096. l G.
15
5 born 22 F eh, 1828
•
GIDEON U. W. THAYER.
First child of Gideon and Betsey Thayer, married Elizabeth Kimball, z8 •
April, 1857, by Rev. J. Smith, Uxbridge, Mas~.
:So. 1097. III G.
MOSES "THAYER.
Third child of Gideon- and Betsey Thayer, married Hannah -'.
~o. 1098. VD.
BENJAMIN THAYER.
Fifth child of Elikiam and Abigail Thayer, married Jane Clark, 1770.
Residence, Salem, llass. Children are : ·
.
r. Benjamin I..,
z. Stephen,
3.Susan,
born 1772
" 30 Sep. 1774
" 1776
4. 1\fory Jane,
5. John C.,
6. Nancy,
born 1778
" 24 Sep. 1783
" 17S9
:'.\Ir. Benjamin Thayer died in Salem, Mass., 1815.
:'.\Irs. Jane Thayer died 4 June, 1833.
~o. 1099. IE.
.BENJAMIN THAYER.
First child of Benjamin and Jane Thayer, married Lydia Doke, daughter of
James Doke, Esq., of l\Iarblehead, Mass., 27 December, r 795, and settled in
Salem, Mass. Children are :
1.
Lois,
2.
Eliza,
J- Lydia,
born 2 Feb. li99Died in 186o.
born 12 Sep. 1802
"
S Aug. 1804
4. Harriet,
born 20 Oct. 1So6
Died 6 )fay, 18b4.
5. Benjamin,
· born 13 Oct. 181,;
Died 6 l\!ay, 1851!,
:'.\fr. Benjamin Thayer died 6 l\Iay, 1833, aged 61.
:'.\Irs. Lydia Thayer died, 1856. Both died at Salem, Mass.
Xo. uoo. III F.
LYDIA THAYER.•
Third child of Benjamin and Lydia Thayer, married to James Odell, 8
~o\·ember, 1825. Residence, Salem, ::\lass. Children are:
1. Sarah,
z. Tames Augustus,
3.·Eliza,
4.Henry W.,
No. 1101. II E.
born 4 Jan. 1827
" 4Jan. 1829
" 8 Jan. 1831
" ro Mar. 1833
5. Lucy,
6. <,:harles,
7. Edward D.,
8. Abby,
horn 14 Sep. 1835
" 26 Oct. 1837
5 Aug. 1839
"
I Xov. 18.p
STEPHEN THAYER.
Second child of Benjamin and Jane Thayer, married Rebecca, daughter of
Hubbard and Rebecca Oliver, of Salem, Mass., 18 December, 1797, by Rev.
Daniel Hopkins. She was born 27 March, 1774. Residence, Salem, Mass.
Children are : .
r. Oliver,
2. Stephen,
born 12 liar, 1798
" 19 July, r8o1
Died July, 1804.
3.Stephen 2d,
born 26 Oct. 18o2
4, Rebecca,
born 3 Sep, 1804Died 21 Dec., 1865.
5. Nancy,
born 16 Sep. r8o6
6. Sarah,
" 3 Xov, 1808
llr. Stephen Thayer died 16 :March, 1813.
Mrs. Rebecca Thayer died 26 August, 1866.
No. 1102. IF.
OLIVER THAYER.
First child of Stephen and Rebecca Thayer, married Rachel, daughter
�156
FAMILY MEMORIAL,
-of Daniel and Sarah Bancroft, 24 April, 1824. Residence, Salem, Mass.
Lumber merchant. Mrs. Rachel Thayer was born 12 July, 1804- Children are:
1. Edward Smith,
born 3 Dec. 1826
• Died 12 July, 1828.
2.Rachel Maria,
born 14 Aug. 1829
3.Sarah Rebecca,
" .24 l\Iay, 1S31
Died 7 Feb., 1835,
• 4. William Oliver, born 25 Sep. 1833
11
5. Daniel Bancroft,
24 Dec. 18,35
Died 26 l'iov., 1840.
6. Edward Smith 2d, b'n 25 Dec. 1837
7.Rebecca Oliver,
"· 24 Jan. 1840
8.Sarah Bancroft,
" 4 Mar. 1!42
11
9.~fo.rianna,
29 May, 1844
Died 2 Dec., 186S.
No. 1103. II G.
RACHEL 1\-I. THAYER.
Second child of Oliver and Rachel Thayer, married to John S. Jones, 15
Nov. 1849. · Residence, Salem, Mass. Mr. Jones was born 9 Aug., 18.14.
Children are :
I.
.2.
3. George William, born 7 Dec, 1861
4. Egbert N. Thayer, " 17 Oct. 1864
Edward Warren, born 9 Aug. 1850
Oliver Thayer, " i Sep. 1854
Died 3 Jan., 1862,
No. r 104. IVG.
WILLIAM 0. THAYER.
Fourth child of Oliver and Rachel Thayer, married Mary Lizzie 'Russell, 3 r
May, 1863, and settled in Salem, Mass. Mrs, Mary L. Thayer; was born 3 r
March, 1838. Children are :
I.
Grace Oliver,
xe, 1105. YI G.
born 2 Oct. 1866
2•
.Mary Wells,
born 7 Sep. 186g
EDWARD S. THAYER.
Sixth child of Oliver and Rachel Thayer, married Kate Felt, 23 Jan., 1862 ..
Residence, Boston, Mass. Mrs. Kate Thayer was born 22 Sept., r 838. Children
arc:
1.
Alice,
born 19 May, 1864
2.
Oliver,
horn 4 Aug. 1868
No. 1106. VII G.
REBECCA 0. THAYER.
Seventh child of Oliver and Rachel Thayer, married to William Gavett, 24
September, 1862. Residence, Salem, Mass. One child :
I.
Rachel Thayer, horn r2 Sep. 1864
No. 1107. VIII G.
SARAH B. THAYER.
Eighth child of Oliver and Rachel Thayer, married to Jose Margotte, 16
June, 1863. lie was born in Manilla, 28 September, 1841. Children
.are
:
1.
Dolorus Raco,
born 26 Jan. 1865
2.
Marianna Thayer, b'n 15 Dec. 1867
No. 1108. III F.
STEPHEN THAYER.
Third child of Stephen and Rebecca Thayer, married Jane, daughter of
Thomas Holbrook, Esq., of Canton, Mass., 29 October, 1829, and settled in
Canton. Afterwards removed to Salem, 'Mass, where they now reside. Children
are :
1. Stephen Oliver, born 16 Aug. 1831
2.
Edward Cornelius, " 3 Mar.
1833 Died 7 o«; 1833,
3. Mary Jane,
born 20 Oct. 1834
Died II Nov., 1838.
4 .. Edward Francis, born 30 Dec. 1S36 5.
Mary Jane, 2d, 11 rz May, 1841
No. no9. I G.
STEPHEN 0. THAYER:
First child of Stephen and Jane Thayer, married Lydia Ann Gordon, J
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AN 01.lJ 1'1,111!,' SE'/4 VOYAGl!.
..lff'.et1ra. Edito1·1t:-Jl~-;:;nit tue cuce more to 1 giyen.n
olden time rt•lat1on of a ~ea \'OJllg'f!j . made by mt, HO
years eluce, in the brig iJ 1\So11
f ~~ Leghorn; the owuer, ,Joseph Peobotl,v1 Esq.\ !'My
two olflc.ol's were Dnutorth N. Syumude, i t and
\ViUia,m l\lillet. '\\'eleftSrllem about mid !: eunimar, and
perhaps experteneeu uue of the
1Uost pleasant uud
Invoruble pusaeges over the
l
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ocean that seldom occur. Iu proof of this aft.or 1
passing Ca1,e Cod, a school .0,f what is
, called rudder fish, wns nbservod under tibij
t
stern of the bl'.i~ and kept ua comp:rny nCMIIS
the Atluut"ic, we feeding thetn from tho cabin windows
<lny ufuir dny, nud did uot lose their' (!Qm(Ht.uy, n,~til
uen,rlv 01; the em.ruuce of tho, Stt·ait 1t!&t1iug inhl the
r
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Medifcrrnneun , where meeting with a ti;trnn:: gale called l\
levanter, ·w,, paned comp:my, nnd saw them no more ; nud
the wiud soon becoming more favombhJ, we !!!.1tered the
Strnit and passed tbe Rock of Oilll"aJtnr on uie uue haud and
apes hilt mt tim . ether, of oldeu ti1r101 called the pillars of 1
Hercules, and tho boundsuy or eaJ'ly nuvigaticn, 1 passing
onw:i.l'Cl iu vfow or the mounfains tlu\t Jina the Spauish
coasts, the J{ock of Oihi-nltnr
t
!tio~tlfo~:;0~'!S~~l'i~idi!i~{:;)~!~!1
li'
fled in his nppear1rnce1 but gouial iu m~\O 111~r an,1
co11"versatiou., His family co11Hi.tttcd of hi~ wife1 three
8ons :rn1 foul' 1.l1111g-httird, ,.,·ith whom .I had the
ploas11rH of 8\rnmliug mn.uy an !11grel1ablt! ovenin1.r1
1rnd who a wwed mo every attention, vi!':!itiui;;- with me
tiw curio:-.itieH
r.:he t.:ity. J.';,trirs10 the (d<lust liOll,
Jmviog in• \'ited we t1J visit tho ulrl nud famona ,;it,Y ot
l'1l!m1 procmred a carri11g'e, aufl WfJ had a
: b,i,mtiful l'ido through the country to t;l1at plat!e, th,~
di~timce being nb(>nt 12 miles; the city it will blJ
reeollocl<d, i8 H~tullt<:.d on the hank of tho rive1· Arno,
m1d WM in earlio1: Hge.s\
& 1~Ja.oe commeroi11Hy of ~rO!lt irup,.>rtRnce; it w:lH in
those ~Hu·lie.r ng:,~s o"f: ll<i.! histol',Y hnt 2 mile~ L from
tho city to the :,ea1 it is uow seven, r owin~ t-o tho dolJl'is
from th(~ river n1HI perhaps! from other c:~t1seH,
'l'he city is it montu.nent of great aut iquity dating back
ago.'! bufoi:e tile C11risti:u1 J!:rc\1 it has heim for ages tlrn
coutre of ilomosth; ~rnd fureign wnrfar.1~, h:t~ nt t.illl(!.,.
1J~itm JtlHtially de· pooulnted bv war, i-:mbjoct.cd and
thon ng:lin attaining its" i11<fopen<l1~1vJe, '.]~he
po1rnlntion is :~bout 30,r,oo,-tho paln.r.ms mul cluu·<ilws
am numerous, of marblt:i, :tml has n 11oble appuar- 1mce. It
ha.d 1J1:mn the lJinll pince of many ,eminent 1111m, and has
always bijen cow;ilfercd tho sent or hJiu·uiu;; fut· Jtaly. Ju
<:orr,1>nu.v witb tlw young man who ,vas II i.t.u<font at the
coll~igi~, and his lnothor, we visited almoitt 011e,·y pll\ce
of notti, 1>::i.rtil. uht.rly the Campo Sant<>, or
huryiugronud, with, its ¥'reiH;o 1miutiu~1:1-, the le,wing
'fowcr, built o{ wlnte marble, rnaiohing l80fcet in bnight,
nml hHrnhig 14.{t. from t-ho l)~rpcndicul:u·, the as1:ent
hciug; hy a circnfar statn:\·:~y \mtwcmn the h,·o walJ~ wl1eu
onco <Jtl the smnmit and peering ovm· the pr<>jectiug pa.rt It
8EHH10 of 'iu~e<:11.rity prc,yi~.(]N; the mind mHl we hecom~
iu some degme fen.rfol that nlthoug,h. the i-:lructnrn bas
wtmtl:wred some:-. tight hundred years, tht\t·e may nome a
moo1ent wheu it wm nttaio a horizontal instead of i1.
11enrly perpendicular posiUon.
.
Tlrn Campo Sa.ntJJ, or old 1n1:rymg ground, dateiJ
back e:twcu c:euturios, imd it is i:-aid thnti 01.10 of the
diguil.r1.rlt1M oJ the church t:uui-ed to be 'hrom::ht
fifty-three shiplon<l~ of ~mired enrth fl'Om :Mount
Onh-1uy, tn lu\llow tile coo~ocrated gl'onncl. A.ri)lrnd
tlu~ wn,lt o·f U,o onclosnl'e aro 'id•.sir:us f1·om ~cri1)tUh\
·fr~iCO 1):1.iutiugs, whic 1 :m~ many of them of quaint
cha,raoter, one of: whi<:11. J perfol.!tly 1·1;_1,me.mbe1·.
'rhe dmtt:h bud of Svfomnu; 11 ~uod and tm twH angel \lll
either 1:1i(ie, o;toh l'mld of Mm and ,foubtf:uJ whicli of them
i;lu,11ld rnke J~illl iu clu.ri::o.
~ r~t!!sili'!11l~o~!'
izon. j l!:! it not strnuge that tlto pr:mple of olden da-yij 1 from
obiservatious o( the like kmd1 did uoti •earlier learn the
splrnrica.f form (Jf tlu3 mHth? aud this mrniud.s · me of
nuotlmr voy:.1gl~ to Leglwru, when, \)~ling uot fat· from
tho t1outh~ ero til~rt of (forsic:~, the birtl11)h.HJC of
Nttp11l(iou, Jlom~llllrte, tlrn uti'110:mhc1'e being
unu8na1h' clear, we warn 1mr\.1rised to se~ o.t tlrn l'Wrth
o·r of Uii aud nhso at tie 011st of us, whitt n11pe:\l'ed to he
tu\k!~d rocktt 1·i~ing n.hovo the wnter.
'J.'hiuking we knew onr 1wsit-iun wo wcr(J 111- doot\
surprh:ied ut tho Hight, hnt 1L"I tho day 1\fl· vanood
they fmhHI fn!m our view, u.ntl the ad ..
\v!1~::f i~i:11i{:l:~11~~·;:~~ut t ~r
J;~ \,o~i·~~ \~~;~tl~>1:~; 1
Hntnmit» of the mount1tim1 that llue tho (m1tnt ot lt1tly
at t-hi~ uurtll, auil Urn enst, som~ uo or 70 miloij
di,tan\,
U11t l w1.1ndut• from i,ur pl\tltinu;(~ np U1u Stmn i tho.
we•thor pmn:d fail' 1uul f:M'omblu, ttml
lo h1huuh1 of
•om,1
Visltn hy tho Custom J:fou~o bortL, 1u11J to our' aorrow1
WUl'{' 01·1fot·fd to 1..tuJ. .L1tut·ntto or Q111u'-1 ,11.nUJH,
uro1.uu1i. to ditmJuu'14u our (ltU'go wlmN we r,mm1rn.H.I.
1wm•ly n .foitnlgh; hufom wo wore 11ermitwd tQ luml iot1)
t·he iruuu, hiu'l. JOI\ Tho! rmrgo woi:t cmiBi;,::.nod tn
MettnrR, P ... ~ A, :11u .. lh.1bl{ nu old oiu,1,hJfshud
<Jomu1lK1ihm hm1~u fort•• t>»fft 4Q or ~fl ye,11·•· 'l'hn
0111110,· 111n·tunr PhlllJ!, had h11111 olnc<1 1111••1><1
11wuy; Im h1ui
: ~n uufWd $tia.~1t1 Omuml fur mnny vuina, ju Ille Mtor
f'llll ol tho <1lgllLom1th 1111<1 /Ji., oi1rly )iarlol tho
11h101co111h utmtory, nud wu• 1111· )111111:U<l ~y l're•l<lent
Wa11hl11gtuu, A.t hi• 11t,111h
\m•h•WI• d•vulved on hi• tirull1or, Anthony, 1 bo hwl
t
oondm.1iot1 .It to thH Lhuu prn,umt ttu1u.;
u watt ouu of t 10 oh.t.,,!fuhoo chU1N1 v1.11•y tHKni:•
tt~t;~ ;t~~~l~i;~
~~;~~:\1iu~\~;;~~:,.,~:r18~wf~!tYl
~
hoi1,t)tt, 1md ijO .foot i.n dh~m~iter, mid tho ou.lhf!ihnl
eight e<mtnri~t!! old. of ,•ai;t,dhHt.HJ-.' tJions and oxqntsit.e
w<1rknrn11~l1i1), l.t t,Yntnhi;; numot1)1H!4 lipwin1e~1~
1,)f iu't uml I$ nthn-1H:d with J.mhHiugs by oht ltnliu.11
mm,tet~, ~tul la~t \wt uot lonst tho htUlj:fiug 1nm11 h'on.1
whii..:h Gf\lOtw r,u~ived lits ilr1:1t: lde1\ of flu.: om•th'.s
n\v,'<ll'n~nt,
t:\~!:!;1~~1~1~~~~11'H,~11
I~~~i~\~t~:;~ '~;r
~.;~:~~!\)~::~;~:
-~nd ll('t:uaurt of htm.1s\1j imd unl~r l'l\\'(I(\ hl!\ Hf~ by ll
l'Ot'AU~tUun h1 woi-chi, whllo meutnUy h\} h1.;J(\ ()U to
1\h1 theory, $,ime w1·iiN~ hu\'(} ,f\(l:CUt1Q:d hll\l t)f
IJ.OWl\r<ht.111 to,· )tO dvh1~1 \..l\lt l r,uwy mo!\~ of us wo11l1l
h1wo ,,u,,t,; tlh~ KllU\O tr, . pl,rnud 111 U~1~ st1..me
t1it:nnt,io1l,
ln a f~w dt,ys w11 l\ih Vi1'111 ~,ml 1·oturncd \mok to
I~u~hu1·n1 gn,Ut1ud h,1 tho \'ilicit wu l1t~d mrulf.t.
'l'ho1uu:1,.:rniatlo\1H t\t>t\lu,ote1l with my ~1wwnt vht\tH
to ltnly1 hnvu u,ter lmuu phmt<m1t .to 0101 wl\h t110
lriumlilhl11• I then, 11111do, """ l\nly ltMolf wlth ltn hmi:r
m·t1:\)' \If tnnhumt, muu ~,£ th\t
)f\fl' CUll\Olf. Yi\'hlly II) mhlli, nuil ,~hhVt\gh uow n
doo:ud&nm11 wo enn lrnt. ho1·m it mny ng~\in
l
tlt1lt\\mu 1t.n Ml ieut r,u,,,wn.
.
�8.
=r, Oliver
The \>r1g is now laden, we have set, our nils, cast off
our fasts, and are on our va~sage .homeward, with a
fair wind, and In seven or· :eight days, arrive down the
Medlterranean, as
fnr as Gibraltar. There eneountering it strong . westerly
wi 11d we were unable to pass the Strait .for a.ix or seven
days on account of the strong current that constantly runs
into the Medlterr1u1Mn from ,the ocean, and were
obliged to content ourselves and make the best of it for
about a week, between the City of Malaga and Gibraltar.
\Ve finally passed the Strait into a rough wintry ocean,
and fur two nwntns had a succesaion of severe gales from
N. W. to-S; "\V:.. It was iu our experience a perfect
contrast to our passage out, but at the expiration of that .
time found ourselves off tlie coast of NewfoundIand,
where to our discomfort, we experienced a perfect
hurricane, for about two hours ; the old brig lay ue:u·ly ou
her beam ends, tbe waves of the ocean wet!' beaten down
by the force of -the wind, and the ocean as for a11 could be
seen assumed a feathery white; we wer J preparing to cut
away the rigging, and let the mast go by the board, if it
should prove a necessity,
' but Pr,fllvidentially in au hour or two, the tern. p81!t
abated somewhat in force, although a versheary gale
continued for-twt:>.nty-four hours
.. ··1ttw.rward. \Ve had sprung our rudder, and
met wi.th much other damage. I have . seen many
gales of wind previous to this, and I saw m1111y
.aftP1·ward, but nothing in comparison; in a day or
two the wind aud we1tther were more .favorable, and
tu four or five days more we pa.saeil Bakar'a Island,
received i, pilot 011 board ttud came to anchor iu the
barbor late in the iweuing; immediately went 011
shorn, onlled on Mr. Peabody at hill house to
auuouuee our url'h'illl, and then tu ny own home to
111eet the cun,rratulntiomi of my family who lmd
become llO~tewhatau~ious In reg,u·d to my Sllf<,ty.
The old twig was 110011 afte1•w11rd sold to
!loi, in Gloucester,
o. ·r.
llll~l~!
mlif~
3 6234
�l\'i
N, B. BISTomo a11nALOG10AL socmn-
1912
Hoir. ED!'.tRD LlvnrGSToN DAVIB, A.M., of Worce1ter, Mus.,
elected a rea1dent member in 1890 and made a life member in 1891, wu
born at Worcester 22 April 1834, the aon of Iaao and lluy Holman
(.Eatabrook) Daria, and died there ha March 191!.
He wu graduated at Brown Univenity in 1854 and received the ~egree of
A.M. from that institution, studied at the Hanvd Law School in 1855-56, and
wu admitted f;o the bar in 1857. In the following year, however, he gave op
the prad.ice of law, and for a quart.er of a century wu engasecJ at W
orceeter in the IIUIDufactare of railway iron, locomotive tires, and ear
wheels, the Srm with whieJa he wu connected being incorporated in 1864 aa
the W uhbarn Iron Company. Since 1882 he wu chie8y occupied in the care
of pablic and private tru.ete, and wu a director in varioua railroad companiee
and banb. In 1865 he w11 elected to the W oroeater Commoa Coon~, being a
member of that body for three years and eening u preeident of the Council for
the lui year of hie membenmp. He was mayor of Worceater in 1874, a
member of the Maieachueu, Senate in 1876, a member of the American
Antiquarian ~' aening at one time on its Couneil, and a trustee of the
Epiacopal Theological School at Cambri•, .Mue. For maay yean be wu
eenior warden of All Sainte' Ch11l"ch, Worceater.
He married &rat, at Providence, R. I., in 1859, Hannah Gardaer A.dams,
daughter of Seth Adams, Esq., of Providence. She died in 1861, leaving a
son who aurvived her hut a few day1; and he married eecondly, in Boston, 2
December 1869, Maria Louisa, dauabt.er of Rev. Dr. Chandler and Mary
Elisa (Frothingham) Robbin,. Hie children by hie second marriage were
Eliza Frothingham, Thereaa, and Livingaton.
er. Harcl'1 Bi•~l'J' or Woroe,ter County, Ku,., 'Vol. l, pp. lld-hH ; Who', Wlao iJa Naw
England, p. ~
•
WD.LUx Foau GA.VBT of Salem, MUB., a reaident member ainoe
1902, wu horn in Boston H 4,pril 1888, the aon ol William Richardson and
France, Cordelia (Clapp) Gavet, and died in die early IUDllller of 1912. He
traced hie anoeetral line to Philippe• Gavet of the Iale of Jeraey, from whom
he wu deacended ~ Joseph' of Salem, Jonathan,• William,• and William
Richll'daon.•
He was educated in the puMic echoole ot Salem, and WU graduated at
the Salem High School in 1854. He eupplemented hia achool coune by
reading and -~1 special lines of study, As a boy he wu employed in the
oflioe of Wat.erst.own, Deane & Company, commiasion merchants, &om 10
Jan'IJ!l1'1 l855, and waa oonnected with diia house and its auooesaon,
Richardson, Deane & Company, George C • Richardson & Company, and
Smith, Hogg & Gardner, in ftlioua capacities, until l January 1896, when he
began huaineee for himael(as
•
�IDWOIBS
lvii
a note broker, his previoaa duties with the &-1111 mentioned having beea
GuaDCial and COIIDected with Joana for the accommodation of the varioue
.W. for which they were agent,. In thia buaineu he
waa ~ when he joined the New England lliatorio Geneal•ical Socie~ in
1902. Otber eubjeott t.o which he devoted hi, time were mathematica,
pbyaice, aud mueio. He waa OOIIDeoted with a number of organizations
for the. study of vocal and inatrumental mueio, wu a vem,man of St.
Pet.er', Epiaoopal Church in Sale111, and had beea engaged ia oollecting
material for a geuealogical ~ of his on family.
He married, 9 September 1862, Rebecca Oliver Thayer, who wa, bona
24 January 1840 and died 20 July 1897, daughter of Oliver and
.Rac~Bancrofi) Thayer, and by this marriage he had two
children,
el T.ba,er and Lowa Fobea.
RBv. ASA. D.u.roN, A.M., D.D., of Portland, Me., a reaident member
since 1892, wu born at Newfield, Me., 30 October 1824, the eon ot
Samuel' and Mary Ann (Huckins) Dalton, aud died at Portland 29 August
1912. He traced his lineage, through Samuel,• Samuel,• Samuel,•
Philemon, • and Samuel,• to Philemon I Dalton of Dedham, Maea. Bia
father waa a native of Pano.oafield, Me., and hie mother, alao a native of
Panonafield, waa tho ~hter of Joseph' Huckina, who waa a deacendant of
Robert• Huckins of Dover, N. H.
He Gtt.ed (or college at the Cambridge (Mus.) Latin School, wu
graduated wnh honor at Harvard in 1848, and received the degree of A.M.
from Banard in 1851. He was a student at the Harvard Divini~ School
in 1848-49, and wae gnduat.ed at the Newton (Maaa.) Theological
lnetitute in 1861. He waa ordained aa a deacon in the Protestant
Epiaoopal Church in 1866, and wu advanced to the prieathood in 1857.
He waa settled for aiz yean (1867-1862) aa rector of St. John's Episcopal
Church at Bangor,
ile., resigning to become editor of tbe ProtutGnt Okurclman and
'Uaiatant rector of the Church of the Aacenaioa in New York City,
whence he went in 1863 a, rector to St. Stephen'• Church in Portland ud remained in that charge until his resignation in 1906, when he
waa made rector emeritus. In November 1903 ha celebrated the fortieth
aDDiverwy of hie rectonbip. In 1885 Colby University had conferred on
him the degree of D.D.
Dr. Dalton waa a dinctor in numeroua city aad atate aocietiee, waa at
oae time pl'eliclent of the Harvard Club of Maine, and waa a member of
the Maine Historical Society. From 1866 to 1862 .he wrote various
articles for the Prot.eatant Episcopal Quarterly
. Bet1ieu, of New York at,, in 1876 hie diaooll1'88 entitled "The
Fulneu of Christ" waa pnnted b7 requeat, ia 188.2 he publiahed an
addreaa on Longfellow, and on 4 July 1886, at the centennial celebration
of the city of Portland, he delivered an addrese 011 the
�109
Hingham, Brnttleboro and several other places. He, however,
always considered Salem his home, and foi- the lu8t twenty
years bas permanently resided there, withd1·awing from
ministerial labors and devoting almost exclusive attention to
scientific investigation. He was eminently known ns a
botanist, particulnrly in the cryptogamic flom of this county.
He died on Saturday afternoon, June 7, 1873.
2nd. ,v1LLIA1't OLIVER THAYER, sou of Oliver and
Rachel (Bancroft) Thayer, of Salem. Iu his early boyhood
William brought to the horticultural exhibitions contributions
of fruits and flowers from his father's garden. Since that time
he has always been an interested member, nlthough hie
business avocations prevented him from taking an active part
in the meetings of the Institute. He died on Monday, Juno 9,
1873, aged thirty-nine years snd nine months.
3rd. Hon. RICHARD SALTONSTALL RooERS, well known
to those of a past generation as au active merchant in the firm
of N. L. Rogers & Bros., who were the pioneers and founders,
in the United States, of the Zanzibar and New Holland trades;
for many years, down to 1842, were acth·ely engaged in
foreign commerce mainly with the East Indies, 11ml were
among the most distinguished merchants of Salem. He was
son of Nathaniel and Abigail (Dodge) Rogers, who were both
eminent teachers in Salem. He was earnestly interested in
municipal uftilirs, a good citizen and 1111 energetic, enterprising
and efficient m1111 of business, and much respected fo1· his
many excellent qu1tlities; always a liberal patron of the
Institute and eonti-iuuted largely to its success. Ho died at his
residence in Salem, Juno 11, 1873, aged eighty-three years.
Expressing great pleasure at meeting so many of those
�.
,
-~ I
½*C.. i\ z_ l Cf'30) \ ')
-~~J~:,
Sarah Savage of Salem:
A Forgotten Writer
S.-\.R.-\.H S.A,. V .~GE OF S.-\LH.-1
By MARGARET B. !vlOORE*
the early part the
I1\1assachuseccs,ofwrotenineteenth century, Sarah Savage of Salem,
at least twelve books anonymously. Since
N
1
she was by profession a teacher, she wrote to edify children and young
adults with diction that reflected the rationalism of the eighteenth
century and the moral didacticism of the nineteenth century. This was a
time of transition from stem Calvinism to the milder tenets of
Unitarianism. The general shift \.Vas from dogma to reasoned, persuasive explanation, especially in religious literature. A letter in the Christian Registe1; a Unitarian magazine of the time, pointed out in 1825 that
the invention of moral and religious tales, adapted to the capacities
of children, calculated to take hold of their attention, to open their
understanding, to awaken their sympathies, and silently to impress
them with principles of virtue and piety, marks as decided an
advancement in the art of education, as the invention of the steam
engine does in navigation. :i
Savage was a pioneer teacher and writer in this transition.
"Margaret B. Moore, an independent scholar residing in Athens, Georgia, has published articles in
the Essex Institute Hiuorical C,,l/wi1111s, Studies i11 the ,l.111eric.i11 R~11,1iss,111ce, the Nathaniel H.1tl'l/wme
Soduy Ne!l's/ecce,; and Postscript. She is currently working on a book on Salem and Nathaniel' Hawthorne.
1. The word "books" is used loosely, since some of Savage's works are very brief tracts or tales, bur
they were all published separatdy, and the distinction between tales and novels was not so clear in the
early nineteenth century as it is now; To my knowledge, no source lists details of her life, includes a
substantial bibliography of her work, or discusses in any case more than four of her books. Recent critics
who memion Savage or a few of her works are Henri Petter, The E.11·ly .·fozeric,m No,•el (Columbus: Ohio
Stace University Press, 1971). 79-80, 418, .p.r; Cathy Davidson, Re1•,1/11tio11 and the Tlimf: The Rise ef the
Novel i11 .-lmeri.-,1 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 28, 66, 69; David S. Reynolds, Beneath the
,-l.meric.111 Rc,wissm,ce: The S11b1•ersit•e Imagi11,1tio11 in the .1ge,:{E111erso11 and ,\Jeli•il/e (New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 58, 3-U, 353; and Reynolds, Faith. i11 Fiction: The E111erg,·11ce of Religfous Liwmurc
i11 • ...\111eric,1 (Cam- . bridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982), 104-5, r ro, 112, 119, 130, I./1,
228.
z. Chri~·ti,m Rt!gisrt,; 29 Jann.:1rr 1825.
240
:q
She was born in Salem on .:q August 1784, to Ezekiel Savage and r
Margaret (Vose) Savage. Her father was a descendant of the famous
Antinomian Anne Hutchinson and the.noted schoolteacher Ezekiel
Cheever. Her mother was the daughter of a Revolutionary soldier,
General Josepli Vose. Sarah and her younger sister, Margaret, were
born in Salem before the family moved to Boston for a few years
(1788-1794) where her father rook over the tobacco shop of his ailing
brother Habijah, the father of the antiquarian James Savage (17841873). There her brother Thomas was born.3 Upon her mother's death,
the family moved back to Salem, where Ezekiel had a shop
•adjoining that of Colonel John Hathorne. Ann, or Nancy, Hathorne,
Colonel Hathome's cousin, married Ezekiel Savage on 10 December
1797. 4 Soon there were three more children: Mary Hathorne, John
Touzel, and Ann. 5 These were Nathaniel Hawthorne's second cousins.
Their mother, Ann, died in I 806 not knowing that her strange but wealthy
sister Molly had left a will "in favour of Nancy" in I 802. The will was not
found until 18r8, .and was immediately stolen. Mark Pitman, a
cabinetmaker who lived in the Hathorne house at Essex and Cambridge
streets and who had found the will in a piece of furniture, was taken to
court by Ezekiel Savage in r 8 1 9 in an effort to recover the will, but
seemingly to no avail. 6 The Savages also owned the western part of the
house and land formerly owned by Molly Hathorne on the other side of
Essex Street. From the old two-story, gambrel-roofed house then on land
in fro~t of the present First Church, they moved in 1808 to a new home, a
"three-story, hipped-
3. Lawrence Park, "Old Boston Families No. 3: The Savage Family," l\"ew E11glm1ri Historical and
Ge11ea/ogic,1[ Regisce,; 67 (r9r3): 200, 323-:q; 68 (1Sq): 24-26; John T. Hassam, "Bartholomew and
Richard Cheever and Some of Their Descendants," !\"ell' E11gl.i11d Historical and Genealogical Register, 38
(r88~): r8o; The Hisco,}' qfMilco11, M,1s,·ad111setcs, 16-10-1887, ed. Albert K. Teele (Boston: Rockwell and
Churchill, 1887), j85; ':fohn Haven Dexter and the r789 Boston City Director};" ed. Ann Smith
Lainhart, New E11gla11d Histari,,1/ and Genealogical Registe1; 140 (1986): 2-14.
4- Salem Gazette, 28 November 1797; 12 December r;97.
5. Park, "The Savage Family," 67:323.
6. William Bentley, The Dim}' o.f Wi//im11 Bemley, D.D., 4 vols. (1914; reprint, Gloucesrer, Mass.: Peter
Smith, 1962), -1:565; "Mr. Jelly's Book," manuscript copied and annotated by Jonathan P. Felt,
Jonathan Porter Fdt Papers, Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. He wrote that on 3 December 1818 "Mark
Pitman found Molly Hathorne's will, 40,000 her property. Someone stole the will" (Essex County
Probate Court, docket no. 12880).
�9.
242
ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
roof, wooden Federal dwelling," still extant, at 29 Broad Street. To that
house iri 1813 Ezekiel Savage brought his third bride, Parnell· Codman. 8
This is where Sarah wrote her books when she was hot teaching in her
private school. Here, too, she died, unmarried, on
February 1837. 9
Sarah's formal education, if any, is not known. Salem and Boston had
many private schools, one of which she may have attendei\ Moreover, her
father was a Harvard graduate (;r778) and presumablj._ helped in her
education; education was always important to him, as: his regular
membership on the Salem School Committee attested)1' Unquestionably,·
much of her continuing education came from
own efforts. At any rate,
she was literate beyond the limits of man_;:
young girls of her day. . ·
·
., ..
Her religious education mirrored the changing times. Her fath, had
studied to be a Congregational minister, but never assumed· ·a church
position. In Salem, he became an Episcopalian, largely throughthe
influence of the Hathomes and the Touzels who had been early members of
St. Peter's Church. The Savage family, however, is r~ ported to have left St.
Peter's for the Tabernacle Church in 1815 whe&;
•the very conservative Dr. Samuel Worcester was minister. It is unlik~l{
that Ezekiel also moved, but his wife and family probably attended
Worcester's church. Mrs. Savage's brother, John Cadman, was sternly
•orthodox to the point that he would not allow liberal preachers in]u~
pulpit." Much of Sarah Savage's early teaching was associated ~vi~ the
Tabemacle.. although she became increasingly Unitarian in he'r:_
7
2.J
her
.
.
.
.;:~~
7. I am indebted to Joyce King, a researcher in Salem, Mass., for information about the~ Savage
house. See also Oliver Thayer, "Early Recollections of the Upper Part of Essex Street, Essex Institute
Historical Collections, 21 (1884): 2r7. For the new house, see Bryant F. ToU Jr., with Carolyn K.
Tolles, An:l1itect11re i11 Salem: A11 Illustrated G11idc (Salem: Essex Insiicut· 1983), 219- ·.:..
8. Park, "The Savage Family," 67:323. 9. Salem Gazette, 28 February 1837.
10. Salem Gazette, 25March 1802, 18 March 1814, 26June 1819; WilliamCranch, "Sleet,
of Alwnni at Different Colleges in New England,'! New England Historical a,ul Genealogi, Register, I
( 1847): 82. See also Thomas Woody, A History of Women's Educatio11 i11 tile United Stat,.
2 vols. (New York: Science Press, ·19r9}, 1:145-46.
II. Bentley. Diary, 2:331; 3:39, 215. Bentley summed up Ezekiel Savage's career on~:i December
18 I 2 in his diary: "now an acting justice in Salem,. formerly a candidate in· d Congregational
Churches, then a bankrupt, merchant in Boston & since a pilgrim & now;_ magistrate" (4:141).
George Willis Cooke, Unitarianism i11 America: A History of Its OrigitJS an_ Development (Boston:
Unitarian Association, 1902), 102. '' ·
243
views, and this was evident in her books. David S. Reynolds calls her "the
first liberal writer to discover opportunity for oblique antiCalvinism in
contemporary life. "12 And though she never seemed
•.to become a member of a church, as did her sisters and brothers, she
doubtless preferred the non-sectarian stance of many early Unitarians;
Savage used her education and her religious training as a teacher and f- · as a
writer. Education and religion were so closely allied in those days - · . that
each was necessary to the other. She kept a select private school . in Salem for
many years. Aside from a few remarks in her obituary,
' the only definite account we have of her as a teacher comes from the
•book by Caroline King (1822-1909), vv1ien I Lived in Salem, 1822- 1866,
published posthumously in 193 7. Looking back, King found her
. to be fairly ineffectual:
a sweet gentle lady by the name of Savage, and it would have been
better for us all, if her nature could have in some slight
•degree corresponded with her name. But she had no force of character
and could never bring her mind to command or punish .... A picture
rises before me now of summer's afternoon in the hot stuffy. little
schoolroom, with a circle of perspiring · children sitting sadly round,
each struggling with little hot hands and sticky needles to do their
allotted task of sewing while their
'gentle teacher read to them selections from Plutarch's Lives!13
a
-Savage probably taught in different locations in Salem, but at one period
her schoolroom was in a building at the comer of Essex and Cambridge
streets, which the Hathomes had owned and which had
,aiso been used as a school byElizabeth Peabody, mother of Sophia
~Hawthome.14
~ ..
In 1813, Savage became involved in another sort of teaching. A [~ab
bath school was started in the Tabernacle Church during the sumf.mer, one
hour before the customary afternoon service. This continued
f::
f·
~·.
f
~1:
12. Reynolds, Fait/, in Fiction, 105_
·
.
.I3- CarolineHowardKing, Jlllm1ILi••edinSale111, 1822-1866(Brattleboro, Ve.z Stephen Daye , t&ress,
1937), 154; in Savage's obituary notice in the Essex Register, 27 February 1837, one ~bereaved writer said;
"the children ... even now ... recal[l] to each other the perfection and 'religious sanctity that was manifested
in every word and look, during the years they were under· ";her instructions."
.14. Essex Register, 19 March 1835; Salem Gazette, 3 March 1812.
f
�10.
244
··,
.
ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
.
'
for five years with one exception, according to Joseph Barlow Felt.I~:
These schools, modeled on those of the English reformer Robert-:. Raikes,
were not intended for the children of parishioners, but rather·,· for those of
poor families who could not go to school and who coulcf not read or write.
The orthodox churches were in the forefront of thi:: movement in Salem,
although other denominations followed sui{ later. By 1818, the Boston
Recorder was reporting of Salem that the'\'. "number ofleamers has varied
from one to two hundred, under the'. care of from ten to twenty teachers. "16 In
I 820, the Annual Report a{:
the Visiting Committee of Sabbath Schools reported that
·
the general plan upon which these schools have been organized · ':':_· is
similar" to that which has been adopted in other places-.:theO:_ · children
are formed into classes of from three to five, under : \," separate teachers,
who hear them recite what they have com- ·'·. mitted to memory, which is
usually some portion of the Scrip- __ :.:/ tures, after which they spell, and
read from the Bible, or some,_;,,:~, other book suitable for the day-the
teachers then take occasion· in a plain and familiar manner, to instruct
their respective dassesv .• in the general principles of religion, their moral
and social duties/ · \ and excite them to habits of industry, cleanliness, and
civility, and .. to an observance of the decencies of life; some task is then
assigned .: .. ·. them to learn for the next sabbath from the Bible or some
other'.?': book of a moral or ieligious tendency. The schools are opened -=;i
with prayer and closed with singing.17 • _.-. · :;e~~
t
. -:~-is
Moreover, in a related effort in 18 I 8, various ladies of Salem, includ-:
ing Savage, started an African Sunday school, "its object being
improvement of the religious and moral character of the coloured people. "18
The organization soon took the name of the Clarkson' Society after the
British organizer of antislavery societies, Thoma¥. Clarkson ( 1760- I 846), a
friend of William and Dorothy Wordswoid{ and Henri Christophe, King of
Haiti.19 In _1818, the school had
15. Joseph Barlow Felt, Annals of Salem, zd ed., 2 vols. (Salem, Mass.:W. &S. B. Ives, 18.j.5), ,'
th~·
15c\
1:496.
.
16. Boston Recorder,· 16June I 8r8.
17.Bssex Register, 23 November 1820. I 8.
Essex Register, 21 July I 8 I 9.
19. Earl Leslie Griggs, Thomas Clarkson, the Friend of Slaves (London: Allen & Unwin, 1936):--,
85-86, 122.
.
..
245
scholars. In July I 8 I 9, the Essex Register reported that several adult
_ women had learned to read and that many young pupils had committed long
passages of scripture to memory. The Register also reported that a large
room, formerly a dancing hall; was hired by the Clarkson
.Society:
20
The Clarkson Society are aware that a people, whose prevalent
characteristic is the love of amusement, cannot at once be made to
submit to the restraints of well ordered society, but it is hoped that
they have in some instances been the means, if not of subdu.· .. ing, at least of making that propensity subservient to useful in.. struction.
Since Sarah Savage was secretary of the Clarkson Society for the first year,
she may well have written this piece. 21
.· 'Dz William Bentley, meanwhile, was not confident of the school's
'prospects, He and Joshua Spaulding, minister of the Howard Street Church
in Salem, had planned a black school. In fact, Bentley had encouraged the
blacks to go to Spaulding's church since he thought it the most appropriate:
Certain devout women of the strictest sect have undertaken to '·
change our plans & have actually opened a place of worship on · _the
high land in the southern part of town, in a place to which
· the Africans formerly resorted for pleasure .... The Negroes ': .have
such a mixture of teachers as makes their instruction useless.
•.. They would have been content in their former state if left to : .·
proper directions. 22
,
,
.,.:.Jn August 1821, Sarah Savage was governess to the children of omas
Hansayard Perkins, a wealthy merchant of Boston, who had . ;uilt the first
summer cottage at Nahan_t, Massachusetts, and "in so
oing founded the first enduring summer colony on the North Shore."
Mary Williams of Salem wrote to Debby Fisher Dana in Ohio, forin,erly of
Salem, that "Sally is engaged as governess to the children of Mr. Perkins,
who passes the summer at Nahant. He has built a large stone house there.
Quitea pleasant thing for Sally, as she will have the
20. Boston Recorder, 27 July 18r8. 21. Essex Register, 21July 1819. ·22.
Bentley, Diary, 4:621.
~=i
'
..
-·._
,
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ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
benefit of sea air, and see a great deal of company." Among others, Savage
may have taught a Perkins granddaughter, Elizabeth Agassiz,
later a founder and president of Radcliffe. 23
...
Savage's life as teacher must have been busy enough, but she also J found time
for writing, which complemented and reinforced her· :; teaching. Twelve of
her books have been found; there may well be more. 24 She always wrote
anonymously, although some of her fellow ·:; townsmen knew of her activity.
Only with her last book was her name_;; associated with her writings, and then
not in the book but in an _:_~advertisement in the paper. Of course, many
women did write anori2 ~ymously in that period. If they lived long enough,
they often ackni-Jwl- : edged their books later. One can only speculate what
Savage would : have done had she lived beyond the age of 52 and into a period
when
women writers routinely identified themselves.
Her first book, The Factory Girl, published in 1814, has been called 1 by Cathy
Davidson the "first factory novel in America. "25 The ma~ character, Mary
Burnham, works in a nearby factory. Savage depicts the factory as newly
established, with a work force of younger people_ of both sexes who often
come from nearby towns and who socialize at dances and in other ways. A
factory bell summons them to work,' and they labor for an agent, who
functions as boss. The real bosses. are the proprietors who are leading citizens
of the town. . .0
Factories were not unknown to Savage. There had been a cottoq'' factory
just across the North River in Beverly since 1789, which George Washington
had viewed in that year. It lasted through the,w~:of 1812 and then was
converted to a school: The nearby Danvers Cotton Factory was one of the
earliest in the United States. On\B;t March 1814, the Salem Gazette called
for "6 to 8 girls between the agci
of 14 and 20 of indu~trious steady habits and fair reputation" to bf weavers
in that factory. Dr. Bentley wrote in his diary on 2 I June I 814 of "the
Danvers factory . . . which at present employs 80 persons
,i
J
23. Joseph E. Garland, Boston's t'Jorth Shore (Boston: Little Brown, 1978), 29; "Salem S<i~ Life in the
Early Nmeteenth Century," annotated by George Rea Curwin, Essex lnstit11teHistorical Collectiqns 3 6 (r
900 ): 234; Barbara Clayton and Kathleen Whitley, Exploring Coastal Massad,usetis, (NewYork:Dodd,
Mead, 1983),344. . . ·:!~
24_ I have identified twelve titles by Savage, at least some of which had not been so identifi~
before; more may be found,
:·
25. [SaralrSavageJ, The Factory Girl, by a Lady (Bostoit:Munroe, Francis, and Parker, rSr,·
Davidson, Revol11tion and the Word, 28. ·
··
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
247
chieflychildrenmaleandfemaleinpicking, carding, quilling,Jennying
•Cotton & in spinning & weaving, a few looms being at work upon cotton
cloth of common Fabrick, "26
Not only is The Factory Girl an early factory novel, but it may also be the
first Sunday school novel in America. According to Earl Wilbur Rice, there
was no widespread movement in the church for Sunday schools until after
the War of 1812_ 27 Such schools were opened in Salem in the summer of
1813 at the Tabernacle Church and later at the Unitarian churches. In
Savage's book, Mary Burnham is called .upon to teach a Sunday school for
her fellow workers who may not
' have had the advantage of schooling. for as a proprietor maintains:
the labours of children are so useful, as to render their wages a
temptation to parents to deprive their offspring of education ....
Ignorance will necessarily lessen their future respectability in society,
and check the stimulating hope of rising into eminence, · which in a
free country like ours may and ought to be cherished (pp. 37-38).
. The school was carefully depicted in The Factory Girl. It met in the
·-,:.public schoolhouse (thus verifying Rice's opinion that many early ·
schools were often independent of churches) between the morning _ and
evening divine services. The six oldest pupils were to recite the
: · text and divisions of the morning sermon, and the one who excelled
.. was rewarded by being made an assistant to the teacher. There was a
_)recitation of tlie lessons of the week and certain passages of scripture i':is well
as words to spell. The pupils read from the New Testament /and had a prayer.
In order to help with the expenses of the school, the ·,)ninister formed a society
of one hundred people who gave twelve ··_cents :mnually for the purchase of
books, two-thirds of which was to • 'be spent for the school; the other third was
to buy moral tracts to be
•given as rewards (pp. 52-54). Mary'steachingisnotlimited to Sabbath
,._school scholars, however; she teaches by example all who come in _:
contact with her.
~- 26. Edwin M. Stone, History ef Beverly (Boston: James Munroe & Co., 1843), 85; Salem
:_Gazette, I8 March r814; Bentley, Diary, 4:262.
·
.;.,__ 27. Earl Wilbur Rice, The Sut1day School Movemeu, 1780-1917 and the American S1111day-School
"Unien, 1817-1917 (Philadelphia: American Sunday-School Union, I9[7; NewYork:Arno Press ·,:arid the
Neui }ork Ti,,,es, r97r), 29.
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248
ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLE-CTIONS
At the factory, Mary meets William Raymond and agrees to let hirn ask her
grandmother for her hand when he is made, as he expects to be, foreman of the
factory: Mary's example makes William improve his character, but an illness
compels her to give up both the factory and Sunday school work, and he
gradually falls from the path of rectitude and falls in love with someone else.
Mary bears her disappointment with resignation and sees the hand of
Providence in it, as she does in the death of her grandmother and all the many
vicissitudes of her life. In the end, persistent virtue is rewarded, and she
marries a widower with children who love her. The reception: of this first
novel was not overwhelming. Only with the second edition in I 824 was.much
attention paid to it, although her intervening ;) books often said on the title
page, "];3y the author of The Facto1y GM,, __ : so that the book may have
attracted more attention than we can now: determine. 28 ·. •··
In 1820, again anonymously, she published her perhaps most am-.: bitious
work. Entitled Filial Affection; or, The Clergyman's Grmzddaugh- · ter; it was
brought out by Cummings and Hilliard in Boston. 29 In the t. preface, she states
that her object "is to exhibit a character, in the ;. middle walks of life, deriving
her eajoyment from the performance ~ of her duties, divested of all selfish
feelings, and only solicitous to' promote the happiness of others." This is the
story of Phebe Unwin_ who grows to maturity at her home with her grandfather,
as a shop-,. keeper's assistant in .Boston, and on an especially meaningful trip to
' Maine. As Phebe strives to do her duty, certain concerns of Savage_; emerge.
One is the theme of self-sacrifice, the value of usefulness to ·z others even if one
must deny one's own inclinations. Phebe gives rip·
a highly desirable trip to Washington in order to accompany to Maine;
28. [Sarah Savage], The Factory Girl, by the author of "Filial Affection," 'James Talbot," etc.;·,
2d ed. (Boston: Munroe & Francis, 1824).
29. (Sarah Savage], Filial Affection; ar, The Clergyman's Grandda11glz1er, a Moral Tale by the author of
The Factory Girl (Boston: Cummings & Hilliard, 1820). Phebe works for a Mrs, Lyman in Boston, who was
the "daughter of respectable parents" and who transacted her "business on·" an extensive scale which she
did in a manner very honourable to her character" (pp. 27-28): · Mrs. Lyman may well have been modeled
on Savage's third cousin, Ann Bent, a well-known seller of French goods in Boston, who took young
relatives into the shop wirh her, one of whom . was quite possibly the illegitimate half-sister of Herman
Melville. See Philip Young, "Small World: Emerson, Longfellow; and Melville's Secret Sister," New
England Quarterly 60 (1987): ·382-402.
·
t'
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEJ\,-I
249
an Unwin servant girl whose mother is dying and whose brother, an "idiot,"
must be taken care o[ Education also is valuable if it is not an end in itself
Arthur Stewart, a cha~acter in Filial Affection, learns that the acquiring of
knowledge is satisfying only if it is a means of usefulness. He confesses that
the amusements of literature engrossed my thoughts to the exclusion
of Him who awaked in me a curiosity for the investigation of His
works, who made me capable of entering into the feelings of the poet,
and of following the historian. I felt too independent, possessing as I
vainly thought, the means of happiness within myself {p. 43).
Another of Savage's concerns in this novel is with the education of ''.'
women. She has one of her characters assert a qualified demand for
- . such education:
It must be highly advantageous even to a woman to give a portion of
her leisure to the study of some branches of natural philosophy; for
though an acquaintance with household occupation is her appropriate
accomplishment ... I think whatever has a tendency to increase her
virtue should be added to this skill, where the
•means of acquiring knowledge are enjoyed (p. 127).
' Since the character then goes on to discuss quite intelligently the fields of
as.tronomy, chemistry, and biology, as well as religion, one is left · feeling
that Savage believes that more than a portion of one's leisure should be so
employed.
•- .. One of her major concerns is the problem of uneducated clergy. ·.
Savage wrote this book at the height of the Unitarian controversy, and · it was
addressed more to adults than to children. Phebe Unwin learns '.. in Maine of
a particular kind of clergyman different from her grand;. father, who had been
a teacher
anxious to give Phebe an early acquaintance with the principles of
religion, but he waited patiently for occasions calculated to
•inspire sentiments of love and gratitude, of cheerfulness and delight,
that those agreeable feelings might be associated with his instructions,
for knm,ving the influence of early impressions, he was particularly
desirous that her first ideas on that subject should
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ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
-~
1:::
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
be connected with pleasant emotions. Nothing of gloom or terror
had ever mingled with his religion (p. 8).
I cannot but hope your physician mistakes in supposing your disease
organic. I have been troubled very much with symptoms of a similar
character which were altogether nervous. You seem to have found in
your sickness the best comforts, those which arise from confidence in
God, and trust in the goodness of our blessed Savior. I can truly say
that I rejoice with those who find such consolations, however they
may differ from me in their particular tenets .... I know so well the
peculiar temptations of feeble health, that I could not forebear to warn
you against the intrusion of melancholy ideas. They are busy intruders
when we are sick, and are too ready to incorporate themselves with
our most cheerful and animating religion, with which they surely
have no natural connection. 30
In Maine, she learns of those unsettled, itinerant ministers who presuming to
consider themselves miraculously called to the ministry, sometimes
deceive themselves .... (O]ften tired of the . · labour of the plough or the
hatchet, they put on a black coat and .· • set out to earn their living by
labouring amongst holy things .. Their notions of religion are always
confused and often absurd, and the manners they assume are some-times
so ridiculous that the irreligious feel themselves at liberty to laugh, and
from scof- .. fing at .the men they come at last to ridicule the doctrines
they ·
profess to teach (p. 91).
She has characters describe them as "ranting visionaries" full of "folly~-· and
fanaticism . . . religious zeal," whose words often "pervert ; .: . '.. judgment,
darken ... imagination, or vitiate ... taste" (pp. 124,-93,; 140). Such words
appear to attack not so much conservatives like·;· Samuel Worcester of
Salem's Tabernacle and others of his ilk as· thl traveling Methodists and
Baptists who were not at that time requ4~~ to obtain ariy sort of formal
education. In contrast, Savage illustrai;_~· what a good minister in Maine
could be by the example of Mr. Merim of"pale pensive countenance" and
"clear exposition" (pp. 77, 93). He travels with Phebe on the ship to Maine
where he wants to preach and to establish a school. He is well educated and
has enough insiglii:t9 distinguish different religious needs among people. He
would not~~! as did one minister, a blacksmith by trade, who told a
womaxi"-''~f dreams, and visions, and represented the mild doctrines of
Christiaaj~ as so harsh, confused, and terrifying, that her reason was
affected',., (p. 96). Mervin was one of those men who could "at once ... judgs
of characters so as to adapt their conversation and instructions to'tli~ different
tempers and ·inclinations with whom they may converse" (p. 97). Mervin is
here portrayed as the ideal Unitarian minister, very_ similar to a Mr. Seymore
in The Factory Girl. _ . ,:
Savage also paints with sympathy a woman in the grip of depression. It
appears likely that Savage herself may well have suffered i_ ._ this way. She
wrote Debby Fisher Dana -on 20 April I 822 words·
this effect:
·
to
251
In Filial Affectio11, Savage draws the picture of Phebe's grandmother
•who is in the grip of a depression from which she cannot loose herself, ..-·
as much as she may wish to. Phebe, without judging her, attempts to £.: ·cheer
her and please her. Throughout this book, Savage's tilt toward ~ the "milder"
tenets of Unitarianism is evident.
Another evidence of her increasing Unitarianism is the fact that a ;
children's book of hers was the first production of the Publishing
fund, an
entity allied with, but not a part of, the not-yet-official l Unitarian Church.
This fund was established in November r821 by {liberals to counteract the
tracts of the New England Tract Society, later ~o be subsumed by the
American Tract Society, which had a Calvinist w.- orientation, Some of the
leaders of the enterprise were Joseph TuckerJoh-11 Gorham Palfrey, and George Ticknor, all Unitarians. They
"trefused, however, to print doctrinal tracts and wanted "stories of a ~~<lactic
character, in which the writers assumed the broad principles i <>f Christian
theology and ethics which are common to all follow.ers
!of Christ, without meddling with sectarian prejudice or party views." tThe
fund continued until 1827-28 when it was felt that secular pub§. Iishers were
printing so many books for children that the fund could {~ot compete.31James
Talbot was published by it in November r821.32
i '.,
l
f•
hnan,
f'
30. "Salem Social Life," 3!5:236-37.
~··JI. Cooke. UnitarianinninAnrerica, zo7;ChristianExa111iner, ~7JanuaryI82,j.;ChristianRegister, i 12
February I831; Christia11Regi.rter, 30January 1824; Christian Register, 9January 1824~- ; · 32. [Sarah Sa~-ageJ,Jame.- Talbot (Cambridge. Mass.: Printed for the Trustees of the Publishing fl
Fund by Hilliard & Metcalf, 1821).
�14.
25
2
ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
A thirty-seven-page tract, it sold for six cents in I 82!. Lucy Talbot, a
domestic in the employ of Mrs. Mansfield, is urged by her employer to go
home and look after her family when her mother dies. There she has the care
of her crippled brother William, her brother James, and her father. James,
between three and four years old, is sent unwillingly to school. The rest of the
book deals withJames's growing into · maturity. One of his lessons, which is
a constant theme of Savage's,
is the answer to a question in a catechism: Does God always see you? The answer
is "God sees me at all times, all the night and all the day: · he sees me when I am
alone when no other person sees me" (p. q). ·. James works for a shoemaker
after school and becomes an apprentice_·,;at 14 and prospers from then on. His
cheerfulness is credited to his · :good conduct. In the end, he has an excellent
wife and fine children. ·. Savage ends the tract by saying "Few are better
acquainted with Mr,'. _; James Talbot than myself, and though Providence has
placed me in y different rank of society, I can truly say I honor him" (p. 37).
Manf ,:· ofher books are either about or written to a "different rank of society." ·
This 'was a successful book. From November to May; three thou- "
sandcopies weresold. 33Reviews were, forthemostpart, good.Joseph. T.
Buckingham noted that one child had been so impressed that he ~imitated the
hero by making his own shoes." A second edition was. pririted in early 1824,
and it was reprinted in Ireland in 1825 and ui:
England in 1840.33 One character in this book who will appear again is Miss Campbell, the lady who goes about doing good.
The second book by Savage produced by the Publishing Fund was
entirely different in format. A self-help manual entitled Adi,ice to ·J Young
Woman at Service was published in 1823. 36Lois writes to Rebecca a number
of hints about doing well at domestic service. The ~t~ consist,
primarily, not of better housekeeping (although there are?few of these)
but of the desirability of individual honesty, integrity;
a
33. Christian Disciple 27 (r 823): r66.
34.Christian Disciple and Theological Re,;iew 20 (I822): IOI. .. , 35.James Talbot was published in r840
in London with the subtitle "The Importance of
Recollecting 'God Sees Me at All Times."' The second American edition was published at the ·
Clzrislia11 Register office. . :
36. [Sarah Savage ], Advice to a 101111g H'cm,an at Service, i11 a Letter Ji·om a Friend, by the author.;
of "[ames Talbot," "The Factory Girl," etc. (Boston: Printed for the Publishing Fund by John ~
R. Russell, 1823). ·
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
253
and improvement in Christian life. The manual gives concrete details of
what to read, how to save money, and other things that give a good idea of
the life of a domestic at the time. One of the values of Savage's writings is
that they give us a picture of the options open to women
•at that time. Anne MacLeod in A Moral Tale mentions that women could be
teachers, seamstresses, and laundresses. Ann Douglas in The Feminization
of American Culture says that "we seldom learn of a fictional heroine's
activities even in a school or in a store." But in Savage, women function as
domestics, factory workers, Sabbath school teach
. ers, dairywomen, shop assistants and owners, and boardinghouse keepers as
well. 37
. In early r 824, another moral tale published by the Publishing Fund
appeared. The Suspected Boy is a cautionary tale. 38 Little Lewis White, who
is boarding with Miss Nancy Crane and attending the school next door, eats
some gooseberry tarts intended for a neighbor and then
-; . lies about it. When his lie is discovered, he finds himself suspected on . all
occasions, especially when a pedlar comes to show his wares and ' afterwards
discovers a knife is missing that all the boys had seen Lewis
handle. He protests his innocence in vain and is shunned by the other ~ lads at
school until Miss Nancy finally declares him innocent, and the pedlar returns
to announce that he had merely mislaid the knife. The : original bad example
of Lewis and his subsequent treatment is a vivid , .. warning to the readers.
· Savage's next book, The Badge, was publishec;i by the Christian ~. Register
in late December I 824. The Badge is the story of a little boy .who has been
selfish and is not allowed to wear his badge with the
:hero's picture on it when Lafayette visits Salem. Eventually he be\comes
unselfish to his little brother and is alla'wed to have the badge. ·This story is
based on an occasion in Salem in 1824 when Lafayette
appeared on his northern tour, and children wore miniature portraits j:ifhim
"stamped on satin ribbons for badges, watch-chains and Ladies' /sashes."
Salem is not mentioned, but the story very clearly takes place _·there. The
military companies go to the common as do the boys of
· 37- Anne Scott Macleod, A Moral Tale: Childre11'.i Fictio11 and American Culture (Hamden,
,Conn.: Archon Books, 1975), 96; Ann Douglas, Tiu Feminization of ,'!.merican Culture (New _ York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1977), 157.
·_: 38. [Sarah Savage], The Suspected Boy (Cambridge, Mass.: Printed for the Publishing Fund r by
Hilliard & Metcalf, 1824).
�15.
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;,
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ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
255
types had been promulgated about the Indian and tells Charles to "be a
I-' friend of Indians, and you will find those more capable than I am to direct
the school. There are red-and-blue flags with white stars; the trium- · if~ ~f ·
your efforts to promote their best interests" (p. 53). There was growing
. :\tr
1~-
phal arches are covered with evergreens and roses. Mrs. Edgerly tells -~~~
interest in the Indian at this time. Lydia Child had published in 1824 a
Charles about old Hanson, a seller of garden seeds, who gives up his ·. · _::~1
controversialnovelentitledHobomok, whose setting was partially in Salem.
dream of a farm in order to educate his dead brother's children. . :~
hi
Elias Cornelius, associate minister at the Tabernacle, had written a memoir
Lafayette has been generous to America. Charles Edgerly finally gets '}!t: ~:
of"The Little Osage Captive" in 1822. Furthermore, Samuel Worcester
c. b d h ge d" Id h -"Cc,. Ii.;
s Lafayette a h ·w en e,htoo,"IS generous an Is to t at e must . ·,-;;_.---;. ~was very concerned with the plight of the Indian. A fellowSalemite,
ever remember that the best proof oflove to your country is a virtuous . - ?:~ ff life"
constantly,
about
(p. 33). AsecondeditionofTheBadgeappearedinFebruary 1826. _
Ji· . -·-------= .. ~ ElizabethElkins Sanders, was writingSavage was if anonymously, concern,
America's poortreatrnentofthelndian.
not alone in her
One reviewer said that he hoped the "fair author" would receive more :··. ·f£t ~'but her work is primarily a history with fictional trimmings rather than
sufficient compensation for her labor than she had in the past. Whether _ -:}/~ ~"
non-fiction alone. 42
she ever did so is not known. 39
_
_·: · - ::.'i~
In l 829, Savage followed a trend, then popular, of writing narrative
. Another moral tale, The Two Birth-Days, was also published by th~ :_,~ Christian
conversations. Sunday-School Conversations, brought out by Cotton . and
Register in late I 826. Young Joseph Nelson, whose carpenter _ '. .;~,:, father drank
Barnard in Boston in 1829," concerned the stories of the New
and whose mother as a consequence became .. cross, idle,
Testament. 43 In 1831, Conversations on the Attributes of God was pub:
and sluttish," is befriended by a Miss Campbell who urges him to go
lished by L. C. Bowles in Boston. This book involved Lucy and ·: Martha and
to school. He does and, after several detours, is able to help the younger . ;
their Sunday school teacher, Miss Campbell. There are . nine conversations: a
boys with their lessons. He is taught by a lawyer not only moral lessons - :".·
general conversation on Sunday schools; on : obedience to God; on going to
but how_ to cipher. Miss Campbell teaches him one of Savage's con- : .)
church; and those on God's attributes - - - omnipresence, omnipotence,
stant lessons, that God sees him at all times. And he teaches his father > by
wisdom, holiness, goodness, and jusmeans of his exemplary life the value of work and temperance. 49 :-,:
- rice. The narrative framework is very slight; the question-and-answer
In Savage's only history for the young, Life of Philip, the Indian Chief ;: (I
format reminds one more of a catechism than anything else. 44
827), Mrs. Edgerly teaches her little son, an older Charles, not only · the facts
_ In 1833, a small book appeared that was Savage's contribution to a
of King Philip's War but also lessons of.compassion for and •. understanding
•fair in aid of the Boston Asylum for the Blind, the originator and founder of
of.the Indians. 41 Charles confesses at first that he had·. thought of the Indian
which was Samuel G. Howe, a philanthropist and a relative
"as a tall, straight-haired solitary man, with a':-. tomahawk in his hand,
. ,of Savage's. 'The little 16-page book was published in Salem at the
skulking behind rocks and fences, or darting :'
out upon some hapless victim as they used to do when our .country i was first
settled" (p. 8). But his mother says that Philip's story had :-;
42. Lydia Child, Hobo111ok (Boston: Cummings, Hilliard & Co-, 1824); Elias Cornelius, in
addition to his memoir, had resigned from the Tabernacle in r826 to become an agent of the
• been "clouded by prejudice. of his enemies from whose pen alone
•American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions among the American Indians (Boston Recorder,
receive all our information" (p. I 8). She.also notes that historians give, few
S June 1816; 23 March 1822; Christian Register, II January 1834). Elizabeth Elkins Sanders published
or no facts on the Indian women. She deplores the fact that stereo-_ ,
anonymously in 1828 Conversations, Principally 011 the "Aborigi11es of North America (Salem, Mass.: W. &
fi:
'I'
.#i
we :
39. [Sarah Savage], The Badge: A Moral Tale far C/1ildren, by the author of"The Factory Girl,'' ''.James
Talbot," etc. (Boston. Office of the Christian Register by T. q. Wells, 1824); Clzristia11 Register, 29
January I 825.
40. [Sarah Savage], The 1iva Birth-Days, A Moral Tale, by the author of "The Factory Girl,• - "James
Talbot," "The Badge," etc. (Boston: Christian Register office by Isaac R . .Butts, 1826). _ 41. [Sarah
Savage], Life of Philip, the Indian Cl,ief, by the author of"The Factory Girl,"
Badge," and "The Two
Birth-Days,• etc. (Salem, Mass.z Whipple and Lawrence, 1827).
-n
was
S. B. Ives); she
a "constant contributor ofartides to newspapers - and journals giving her views on the
government's treatment of the Indians from Andrew Jackson onward." The Papers of I.,everett Saltonstall,
1816-1845, ed. Robert E. Moody, 4 vols.
:"" (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1978), r:xvii .
• 43. [Sarah Savage], S1,nday-School Convenations (Boston: Cotton and Barnard, 1829).
44- [Sarah Savage], Co11versations an the Attributes of God, by the author of The Badge (Boston: . _ L.
C. Bowles, 1831).
�16.
256
-.i ~
.if
ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORIC.'\L COLLECTIONS
~,,:;:
l
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
257
R,gi,t" office (probably the Essex Regi,te,). Blind Mirinn; Re,to,ed to
., ;
has gone to India, travej, to New Hamp,Inre to live with a farmer's
Sight is the story of Mn. Cooper and her selfish, inattentive niece who
· !;° family. Savage', knowledge of that stare came from hernwn visits to
has come to live with her. The two go to see old M,-,. Thompson, a
.• i j her brother, Thomas Savage, who was minister of the Presbyterian
wash«woman, who has a blind grandchild Sarah, a quick, attentive 'ii'£ ~- Church in Bedford, New Hampshire. She describes the countryside, learner, Mn. Cooper
makes application to the Trustees of the New- ;. ':
the weaving, the hop picking, and a minist<:t; Mr. Burnham, who ;, England Asylum for the Blind for Sarah,
who is accepred, Six month, . ,, :
mourning his dead wife, Phebe, who "gladden[ed] all with her sunlater, the asylum has an exhibition. Mrs. Cooper and
Miriam go and '· · ··., f shine" (p. 77). Another victim of depression is discussed, and more
are very impressed with what Sarah has learned. Afterwards, Mirian, · · . .. emphasis ensues on the lack of an educated clergy, thememminiscent exclaims that
it is she who is r<ally blind, but her delighted aunt says :_;_ S:-- of HIM 4fjidfon. After the death of Phillis, the family ;, enabled to that Miriam is now ttstored to
sight. From that time on, Miriam;,·, c-,;-' !'::· return to Woodland. Phillis is one of the primary characte,,; in the attentive. H« favorite motto is '~ttention is the eye
of the Mind.""
book, modeled, says Savage, on a woman she has known. Sbvery is
f, also discussed, especially in the We.st Indies. The judge says: "I rajoice Care at
In r 8 3 s, Henry Ware,Jt, Professor of Pulpit Eloquence and Pastoral
Harvan!, began to edit a series of novel, whose overal] title · ,;_ii-] j.;: for the master " well " the slave. For whereve, liberty has been given was Scene, and Charaau,
Rl,nuatU,g Chrutlan Tmih. The object Was
.,iL tohlmfromconscientiousmotivesinthemaster, thelatterhasacqnired "to present familiar illustrations of some of
the important practical · };'.\
a freedom rnore perfecr than that he can impart to another" (p. 7). . principles of religion I have been so happy as to secure several
able .
The fact that Savage's was the first in a prestigious series of Unitarian wri_ters who will be foun~ I trust not un~y to tr'."t the several ..
books
show, something of her increasing Unitarianism. God is portopics proposed to them. The first wnter m the series was Sarah . ~
trayed as a God of love, a
paternal figure. People are revealed as capable Savage. Trial '"d Selj-Dttdpllne was to be her last book, and lo many
Of goodness. Dogma isnot stressed;
yet, despite her obvious leanings
ways it sums up bee <=sitional role." The book deals with Emma
in tl,;s direction, Savage also reflected some earlier views. In this, she Spencer who
meets trial after trial and learn, through them the value ,-_!JF )1!- was typical of the earlier liberals whom Henry Ware, Jr, described as of self-sacrifice. Thi, heroine
is not of the lower rank,. At Woodland, . -~ --S,_ "doctrinally cautious.• She believed in Clnist" Saviour and Redeemer a spacious country home, financial rev=es
force the funily to move' ::~ : ';/ in contca.st to many Unitarian., who denied the divinity of Christ. She Emma's husband must leave to find work. The family,
including
;,!so believed in sin not justas the absetice of good, but as a war within. Emma', grandfathe,; Judge Thurston, aod little three-year-old Ellen,
·-~ ~ One of her most saintly charactcrs was Judge Thumon. Phillis and move into the city to live with an aunt. Also leaving with them. is . ~ ~ the garden«, John,
d~cuss Thurston's character afrer his death. When Phillis, a black woman of uncommon judgment and loyalty.· Emma :;Ji
says that the judge was perfect,
Philli, replies that he should read undergoes an intense period of self-<ducation in order to teach, but /f."' ; .1_1,;s Bible more carefully. "You would have learnt
there too much of her plan, go aw,y when little Ellen becomes ill. To aid her recovery, >Ji> f the character of God to think any creature good. ... the longest and the
family, without the judge who has died and Emma', husband whq -~ -4\,.holiest life that was ever spent will still come short of what God
·-- _.:required" (p. 29).
f.
J~
f
r,; ~-.
-'¾' ~
::;'J
ir
·?''
·''/! ~;
I~ I"
45. [Sarah Savage], Blind Miriam Restored to Sight, by rhe author of "The Faaocy Girl,"
"Sunday-Schoo[ Conversations," eec, (Salem, Mass.: Register Office, I 83 J). There is a copy of ·,
chis book with Sa,·age's penciled-in signature in the Salem Achenaeum.
46. [Sarah Savage], Trial and Self-Discipline, number I in Scenes and Clzaracters fllustrati11g Christian
Tnuh, ed. Henry Ware, Jr., by the author of "[ames Talbot," "The Factory Girl," ecc., (Boston and
Cambridge:James Munroe & Co., 1835). The quotation from Ware was found in· the front of the book.
The others in the series were (2) The Skeptic by Eliza Follen; (3) Home by Catharine Maria Sedgwick;
(4)·Gleams ef Tn,rh by Joseph Tuckerman; (5) The Backs/icier by
Hannah F. Lee; and (6) Alfred and The Better Flirt by Louisa Jane Hall.
1/J .,;;
fit·
{ff ;(:
,.;::John
Savage also shows in this book that she is nonsectarian, unlike the ·
other members of her family who were Episcopalian, orthodox Con.
gregationalist, Unitarian, or Presbyterian. Aunt Huldah Patterson in
_':1Nal and Selj-Discipli11e tells of a church with whose views she does
•not agree and which her neighbors criticize. She knows them "to be
•excellent folks-true Bereans, studying the scriptures daily and walking
in the fear of the Lord .... We h_ave no right to judge the hearts
�17.
258
ESSEX IN-STITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
of our fellow-creatures" (pp. 89, 91). This is similar to Savage's state
ment in a letter to Debby Fisher Dana in 1822:
I know that little variations of opinion have no influence on the
essence of religion, which, with faith in our Saviour, is love to
God, and submission to His will. 47
She may have been influenced in this nonsectarianism by one of her ·-;·
favorite and often-mentioned writers, Richard Baxter. In The Saiiits;
Everlasting Rest (1677), he spoke of"Unchristiari and Church-dissolv/::: ing
Division and Alienation which follows [separation]; ... Alas that·_; Pride and
Ignorance should have such power among Believers that·} men cannot be of
several Judgments in_ lesser points, but they be alsc · of several Churches!"48
_ · .,._
She is, I believe, transitional in that, although she becomes more ., liberal,
she does not leave the old behind. One of her characters i,,_ Tiial , and
Self-Discipline is not sorry for the improvement that factories have:/ made in
the life of New England, but she is concerned "for the spirit:' which I fear will
grow up with them=-a spirit of self-reliance, an:·j" earthly spirit, looking only
to this low world for aid, for support':) (p. 67). What is implicit in The Factory
Girl is explicit here. . - -,/
Trial and Self-Disdpli11e was successful. In 1838, after her death, a~
•fifth edition appeared. 49 Although her identity was not generally i known,
reviews of this book as well as those of her other books, '.') demonstrate that
her ideas found appreciation in that period. An anon,-:~ ymous reviewer in
the conservative Boston Recorder said that she had a, "thorough acquaintance
with the art of education." Her knowledge' of the ways of children was often
noted as was her easy, natural style.! She was compared with Maria
Edgeworth "by the felicity with whid; the most suitable occasions are seized
upon for making a moralimpression upon the youthful mind. "50 Joseph T.
Buckingham in reviewing James Talbot observed that "it is obvious that a
person of as much talent. and as strong religious impressions as the author 'can
hardly be more · usefully employed, than in furnishing our own community
with simi-
25
9
far works, suited to our particular wants with the skill shown in this. "51 A
writer in the New England Galaxy, which was generally critical of women
writers, approved of those who "can succeed well in works on education
and juvenile tales, calculated to assist and advance the labors of the sex in
their peculiar task of instructing the young; here is an immense field for
their labors, for the cultivation of
which they have adequate means and powers. "52
_
At the same time, there were some who saw that she rose above the
crowd of female writers of her time. Some virtues were not pointed out:
her psychological insight, as in her descriptions of women with clinical
depression in. Filial Affection and Trial and Self-Discipline, her
:_ · delineation of the idiot in Filial Affedion, or her use of a black female · as
a primary character in her last book. Yet her work was praised for : style,
design, and effect quite often. Joseph Emerson Worcester after
• her death pointed to her "rare intellectual attainments," which vv:as high
praise from the editor of so many atlases, gazetteers, and die. tionaries, and who was to become the special favorite of the Boston literati
in the great war of the dictionaries. 53 An unknown writer in ·:--the New
York Mirien•a said on 16 October 1824 that "we therefore ;, .consider it as no
slight merit in our author, that her works are free
.from designed resemblance to any popular writer, that they are not · i
servilely formed after any fashionable model, but are true and original f,
·.pictures of her own mind. "54 As a woman, a teacher, and a transitional
writer, Sarah Savage is a voice that should be recovered.
SARAH SAVAGE OF SALEM
r
51. Chiistian Disciple a11d Tlzeological Review 20 (1822): IOI.
'52. "Bluestockings," Ne11• Eugla111l Galaxy, 8 February 18·2s; "T.," Christian Register, 29Janu
47. "Salem Social Life," 36:236. . .. ,
48. Richard Baxter, The Sai11ts' Everlastitig Rest, I Ith rev. ed. (London: For Francis Tyton &,
Robert Boulton, 1677), Preface opposite B-3.
49. Christian Register, 7 April 18 J 8.
50. Boston Reconler, 24 February 1821.
;c·
. ary 1825.
53- LJoseph Emerson Worcester], American Alma11ac and Repository of Usef,,l Kt1owledge 9
J.~ (1837): 320 ..
'~;
54- 771e Minerua, r6 October 1824.
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i
Capt. Oliver Thayer Death Notification
OLD 8,\LEM CAPTA.IN DEAD.
Capt. Oliver Thayer WM a Type of tho · Cllppel'.'
Comme.nderw.
Sir.rm, ,Juue 1.-Cnpt. Oliver l'ba:ver. oae ol
B!lle.m'11 oldest clU:ums. died at the home of
his dlllllfhter, Mrs. ,JoRe Mari;ratl, 2ti!J
Lafayette 11t,, at 7 P, m. tonlirht. He bad been
sick tor 86veml month& ,
Cnut. Oliver Tbavor wu a 15pfomlld type · of
that cla&t of mariners, of whfch lie wrui,
1>0111ibly the loot, who:;o courai:e ,md enter.,
pr1110 oarrie<I tlle n1uno of Sllle1u to tile re- '
mntest part!! of ttu, world.
Be w1111 born In Salem l\f'arcb 12 1798, a1
nd !lhb his father amt 1rr:11u1!1ithe1· fol.
owe,, t o sea for many Year:11 at.Ht comurnmled. lnrf(e 11bios.
Wbeu a bov ho attendcd the famous scboo.l t .
d by l&111ie l:IMhr in 11ar;, ,
nn1l \'1'118 ti
111ombor of a class of 100
tbat atto.11
lbla wetl,known to1nple ot
loaming m l 800.
He
wu
»rose1n at ·me dedloat1on ot tho
Bottth Co111m::i:ationn.l enureu. ,Jan. 1, 1804,, and
for several •1mu11 hnd boon the only Person who
wa1/1rcs.cut ou &bat occasion.
ln 1816 lie sh fifltitl 1111 a sailor on the
Am~rloan 11btp A1tgust,a. which was bound for
l:ilU)•rna. flu romalno1l In tb11,t city tor aoverlll
mouths and tl1eo ret1.umo1l to U1111 oom1try.
Ho r-ontimuut lo . follow the ~ell, betmr
r11r11dly adva.uoed 111 his . J)rotosslou, an,t
wl1011 :18 rears ol!i was rnudo couunnn<lcr ot tbe brlir
l:itnrk.
• Ho 1mb_saquently comm11.11ded. some of tlio ,
np11t 11h1v11 uw.uod bv ,loseul11,cabody, 0110
o.f 8.atem'11 f1un,..,1111 morehante!
f
l ftiil lm1t VOYUll'O Wlll! made In tho llbil) Amazon
m 1632. ltotookthoves1mlt0Ne1v Orleans,
loaded, bor with cotton am1 r11ad0 • 11ucces11ful
voyui;co to l\:fnrsoll h111. Ou tbo voyage homo ho
l!toppod at MM1m:,;a11.
After Ms rotltemm1t frnm tht1 Roa, lie car:rled ou
the lumhor busiues:,i lu tlJts city for l!O!'Ofl\l
)'Ollf!I.
Of late years ho den>tcd his time t.o vad· ou.~
cl1t.ritl8l!, auil tVM ,·ic6'pre1mlent of tho
.1111.,ooiatu:m. for tho Holt t of Alil'll<l aml
De1:1t1tut&,Women, nnd one o.t tbo deaecms ot thu
Crombie Street Uo111tr111i1'nt1omll fi11urch.
IJ11tU l\'lthln n short. titno of his death 1l9 took a deep fntor st ht current ov1>uts,
uud manl!e.~t.od much pleasure iu reho,nsmir Search the Largest Onl
l!u-toents of >'Oars a11:o. I 'r, 1·0 wltltlu a tmil ,>wirs1/1e wa.'> a fre11uo11t rmtl
lutcrestlui; , c:outr u11tor to tbo loci~I J•••t•er11.
---------~
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l/1
�EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OJ!' TBE UPPER PORTION OJ!' ESSBX
STREET.
BY OLIVER TIIAYBB.
Fao11 1804 to 1820, on the right of the Salem end of the
Turnpike, there was a colony of ten or twelve negro families,
and on the left some four or five houses containing, probably,
altogether some fifty or sixty inmates. The principal
peraouagea on the right were Mumford-well fitted to be chief
of the tribe, Portsmouth, Newport, Tom Piper and others, with
their families. On the left, the most noted was Prince Savage,
an intelligent black man, highly respected, and probably well
remembered by many of our older citizens. He was a qative of
Africa and once a slave. These were all apparently happy in
their humble sphere, especially on Election week, when the
American flag was floating from above many of the
dwelli°c,as, and visits of girls and boys were made from all
quartera to listen to the sweet strains of the ~folio, as poured
forth by amateu1'8 of dark complexion.
We now pass f,he next building on the left going down, a
bake house, and then an old dwelling houae, where resided
for many years Mr. John Chipman; then the house on the
corner of May street, belonging to Capt. Samuel Very,
after1Vard purchased by Mr. Nathaniel Pitman. There had
formea•ly resided in the same house, the Turell family. Mrs.
Turell kept a school there for small children. Also, in the
same house, lived Mr. Clough, the treasurer of the Great
Puture Corporation.
The next, on the corner of May street, was owned by
Benjamin Thayer, and sold, I think, about 1808, to Rev.
(211)
�212
E.lllLY Rll00LLEO'l'JON8
Nathaniel Fisher, of St. Peter's church; born at Dedham, July 8,
1742 i gmdunted Harvard College, 1763; installed, Fe~. 25,
1782; he died suddenly Dec. 20, 1812. I would say, in
passing, that his son Theodore waa probably the 11nest penman
that ever g1·aduated from the Hacker school. Among the
scholars of 1800 to 1804., he certainly stood foremost.
The next building is the store on the corne1·. A.a early u
1815, it was a grocery and apothecary store, occupied by
Thomas Seccomb, afterwards by Nathaniel Wat.son and his son
Fenton, saddlers.
We now pDSs over to the eastern corner of Essex and Boston
streets, and find the atore, with houae attached, of Captain
Samuel Very, formerly engaged in the coasting trade with
Baltimore and other southern ports. He was a fine man and a
strong Jeft'ersonlan democrat, ever ready at the polJs on
election days.
Next we come to the old house belonging to the Grant family,
renovated and put in ftne order some forty yea1'8 since, as the
present edifice shows. Then two or three small houses, one of
which waa occupied by Mr. John Bird, a comb maker ; another
by a Mra. Day, a famous tailoress, formerly Mrs. Hart, and
mother of Capt. Charles Hart of Brig New P1•iscilla, which was
taken by the pirates near Cuba in 1829, the crew never being I
heard from. Next in order is the old Williams house, a relic of the
olden time. Some or the family resided there in 181,. There was
a large 6eld in the rea1· of the house, extending to gardens on
Federal street. Following this waa a tbreeatory wooden building,
used fur a grocery store, by Mr. Jamea Thorndike, more recently
occupied by John Ward, many years for the sume busineas.
Next in order was the Friends' meeting house, built in 1718,
with burying ground adjoining; and then came the
�OP UPPea PART OP BSSBX 8TBBBT.
113
, mansion of Mr. Robert Cowan. He and hia wife were of
English extraction, and had several sons and daughters. He was
a person of much ingenuity in the manufacture of lead pencils,
and waa, I have heard it said,' the first that brought into use gum
copal as a varnish for carriages. He ia also remembered as being
one of the crew of Privateer Schooner Pickering, commanded
by Jonathan Harraden during the revolutionary war, who was
eminently successful in hia enterprises against the English,
having captured a large number of armed veuels with many
guns. AU of the buildinga from the Grant House have been
since torn down or removed and the present edifices have been
erected.
·
From Mr. Cowan's house, we pass a large garden beautifully
laid out, in the highest state of cultivation, until we come to the
house of Major Hiller, the first United States Collector
nppointed by General Washington. He was superseded by Col.
William R. Lee of Marblehead, August 13, 1802, and soon
afterwar,ls removed to Lanoast.er, M'll88., and died there in
1814,. I recollect, perfectly well, seeing him at his home on
Essex Street, a abort time before his removal. Charles
Cleveland, Esq., nephew of Major Hiller, afterward City
missionary of Boston, who died some few years since nearly
100 years of age, acted as Deputy Collector to his uncle from
1789, until his resignation, and with Col. Lee to February,
1803 when he resigned, and William W. Oliver, Esq., who had
lived with Major Hiller for several years was appointed by
Col. Lee, to fill his pince, which position he held until April
10, 1839. The next occupant of this house was Judge Prescott,
father of the histol'ian : another occupant was Thom11a P.
Bancroft, who Jived there several years. It was then purchased
by Charles Saunders and a few years after was sold to Mr.
William Ives, who built the
�new house to theweatward. After the death otMr. Ives, the
house wu aold and torn down and the site converted into a
pleasure ground by Mr. Goldthwaite, owner of the new house
on the comer. Rev. James M. Hoppin occupied it for a few
years during his pastorate io Salem.
Next to Mr. Hiller's, wu the house Mr. Abner Chase, and
then the two-story grocery store of Capt. Stephen Osbom.
Passing to the opposite corner of Dean street, we come to the
mansion of Col. Sp1',c.ue, occupied by him and the Stearns
family. Col. Sprague died in 1808, and a portion of the Stearns
family have resided there ever since. It has been kept in good
order, and makes as fine an appea1-ance at the present time it
did half a century ago.
or
as
The next, where now stands the residence of John H.
Silsbee, Esq., was the site of one of Salem's ancient st111ct;..
ures, devoid of pa.int or beauty, and occupied by the families of
Hubbard Oliver, Mr. Johnson, and a.Mr. Pettiugell. :Mrs. Oliver
kept a school there for young children. Mr. Johnson was sexton
of the old South church,-Dr. Hopkins• church,- and of the new
church when fi11it1bed in 1805. A spacious room on the lower
floor was used as a dining hall fur the workmen omployed in
building the turnpike at the commencement of operations in
1802. It may not be gene1-nUy known that Dr. Stea1·us was one
of the prlme movers in the enterprise, and wns a large stockholder, and took much pride in the building of it, and \VRS bound,
as the sto1-y l'uns, to have it when 611ished, so level and straight
as to take a11 early look from Salem into the Boston market. This
old house wu.s the writo1"'11 birthplace. Some yeaa•s later it was
to1·n down, I think about 1806. The brick house now on the spot,
the 1'88idence of John II. Silsbee, Esq., was erected by Joseph
Sprague, 100 of Col. Sprague, who lived there with his family for
�OF UP.PER PART OP ESSEX STREET.
115
many years, when .it became the residence of Col. Francis
Peabody and family ; it was then aold to Samuel Williams,
Esq., brother of Bev. William Williams, and from him
purchaaed by Mr. Silsbee. The next house was the home of
Aaron Waite, Esq., and built by him in 1796; he and his
family lived there many years, and ofter his death it was
occu1>icd by hie eon-in-law,' Nathaniel L. Rogers, Esq., and
family, during his life, and by the remaining members of hie
family until the present time. The next house wna the estate of
Captain Nehemiah Buffington and now the home of George
Wheatland, Esq.
The house below was the Mackey house, the residence of Mr.
John Dodge, then of Capt. Philip P. Pinel, and next, of Miss
Plummer. Then followed Miss Higginson's, and Mrs. Wallis's
store. The last was built, as I learn, by a Mr. Very. The next,
was a two-story dwelling house with a shop below. These four
buildings, occupied tho site where now stands the beautiful
maµsio11 of the l11te Captain John Bertram. We pass over to
the next corner, the Ropes House, now belonging to Mrs.
Bertram, the residence once of Rev. Mr. Hoppin, Mr. Ezra
Northey, James B. Ferguson, and others. The next, end-ways to
the street, was the home of John Prince, Esq. The next, a little
west of the house of Mr. Emery 8 • .f ohnson, but of which I
have no recollection, was said t.o have been built by Mr.
Maule. Then we come to the so-called Cla1·k house, Mre. Clark
living in the \Vestern end, and various families at di1Ferent
times, occupying the premises. Next, the eatate of Capt. John
Buffington, end-ways to the street.
On the corner of Beckford street, stood a large. square
building, with an ell, venerable, but dilapidated in appearance, owned by Dr. Stearns. Various families occupied it,
from time to time. This house was built by Mr. Kitch-
�218
en, in 1874, and was torn down some forty yean since. We
now pass on to the next corner, and find au old wooden
building, jutting out from what ia now the corner house,
perhaps twenty to twenty-five feet, nearly t:o the edgest:ooe of
the sidewalk. The lower part was occupied as a shop for the
aale or smaU Yariety articles. The upper portion or the
building, was the paint and varnish shop of Mr. Cowan. Back
of this, on land of Warden, wu another little shop, kept by an
old-fashioned gentleman, whom the boys caJled "Daddy
KiJJen." He wu a pleasant man, and his shop was well
patronized. Next, came the house of Mr. John Warden, stilJ
standing, and occupied by memben or his family. Nezt, where
the house or the late Henry L. Williams, Esq., now stands, was
an old twost:ory house, very old, and setting back from the
street, ten or twelve feet. The upper story projected, and there
were atepa leading to the basement floor. This was the
so-called Puncbard house.
We now come to the saddlery and harness shop of Mr.
James Bott, corner of Bott's avenue. Thia avenue continued
north some two hundred feet or more, with a number of
mechanics' shops, one of which was Mr. James Goodhue'&
blacksmith shop. On the eastern corner of the avenue on
Essex street, stood what wu called the Ashton houae,
afterwtU"ds removed, and then a large wooden house, I think
on or near where the Pi~kman brick house now stands. The
new Dwyer house occupies the spot, or nearly so, where
stood the James Bott shop, and the nezt, the Holman house, a
portion of the avenue land.
Now, passing down, we come to the land of Mrs. Orne,
where we find four shops, respectively occupied by Benjamin Blanchard, hairdresser; Ma1·k Pitman, cabinet maker;
Nathaniel Lang, saddler; and Stephen D1·iver, boot and
shoemaker; all of which have boen removed.
�OP
lJ'PPJla PAar 0.1' us:n ITBBBT.
117
Next, Mn. Orne's hou11e, the west.em lower room a hardware
store, the proprietior of which was Thomas Robie, hie name
being in capital letters over the door; he waa an antique looking
old gentleman, wearing, I think, a wig and breeches ; a picture
of the olden time. He was, I believe, one of the loyalists who left
Salem during the revolution, and came back after the peace, and
engaged, as an account of him 1aya, in commercial punuit.a to a
limited extent. He wu, 1ays the account, amiable, inteJligent and
e~emplary. He died, in Salem, December, 1811, aged 84:.
We pass on to the office of Ezekiel Savage, Esq., and then to an
old, two-story, gambrel-roof house, with two tenements, in one
of which Mr. Savage lived, and from which he removed to his
new house on Broad, comer of Hathorne, street in 1808. The
house on Easex street was also, I think:, afterward occupied by
Daniel Dutch, Deputy sheriff, and Samuel K. Putnam and
others. Next below was Mr. Dutch's office, then two wooden
two-· and-a-half-story buildings, -Charles F. Putnam's grocery
store, and Thomas Perkins' warehouse. All these four buildings
were removed or torn .down before the erection of the North
church, in the rear of the lot,
We now pass to the next house, belonging to the family of the
late Capt. William Osgood. This was the home of Mn. Mercy
Gibbs, previous, I think, to 1810, and a dry goods sto1·e was
kept in the western end. The next house now occupied by Hon,
Joseph B. F. Osgood, was, in the early portion of the centua·y,
the home of Hon. Nathaniel Bowditch, the world-wide known
and celebrated astronomer and navigator, who, in our younger
dRya, when travening old ocean•s rough passage, was looked
to, through his instructions, to guide ua sufely on to our destined
port. In after years, this house was the home of David Cummins,
IIIIT, GOLL.
S:ll:I
�!1
8
lDABLT Bl!ICOLLBOn01'8
Esq., whose daughter gave to the world the pleasing tale of
"The Lamplighter."
Next, the ancient mansion of the Curwen family, standing
forth in full view of the obse"er, originally owned by Roger
Williams in 1635-6, and afterwards by Richard Davenport,
whoae administrators sold it to Jonathan Corwin, in 1675; in
the popular belief, the place of the examination and
commitment for trial of the so-called witches in 169!. Passing
on to the opposite corner, we 1ind an old irregular-shaped
dwelling house with dry goods store in front, kept by Mr,
Dutch, and above, the Winn house. On these two sites are the
brick houses now forming the soutbweaterly corner of Essex
and Summer streets, built by John Kinsman, Esq.
The next house above, on Essex street, was that of Captain
John Ropes, whose son was, in 1805, a acboolfelJow ot mine
at the school of Master A.mos Town, near where the First
Baptist Church now stands. For many years afterwarda the
house was occupied by Rev. Chas. W. Upham, our late highly
esteemed citizen, and is still remaining in the family. The next
was the home of Cap. t.ain Carnes, well remembered as the
pioneer in the pepper trade with Sumatra. I well remember his
wife, who lived many years after his decease. The next
building was a small two-story house, very old, in which lived
a Mrs. Pike, an old lady who kept a little variety-shop
supplying articles for children-purchasers. Her son-a
eailor-and his family Jived with her. They were very poor and
in this respect they were not alone, for it was war time, and
moat of the people were faring hard, as I well remember; and
when he was asked how he got along, replied, "Pretty well; I
feed the children on salt fish, and give them all the water they
cun drink."
In the next house, on the corner of Cambridge street,
�OJ!' 'OPP.ER PART 0.1' ll8SU 8T.UEi'.
219
lived Dr. Barnard, apothecary, his shop being in the front part
of the house on Essex street; in after years, Mr. Daniel Pierce
and daughters occupied the house. On the opposite corner was
the William Hathorne house. About 1812 to 1811;, I think, Dr.
N. Peabody occupied the eastern part and Mr. Hathorne the
western. We now pass two small shops belonging to Deacon
Samuel Holman, and then to his house, old and
quaint-looking, and setting some fifteen feet back from the
street. It waa built by Thomas Maule in 1681; or 1686. My
maternal grandparents were living in this house, in 1770, Mr,
Holman was a picture of the olden time, wearing a "cocked"
hat, smalJ-clothes, buckled shoes, etc. He was an excellent
gentleman and for many years an officer in the North Church.
The next house stood eodwiae to the street and was the
tin-plate workshop of De~on Richard M. Chipman. This house
was afterwards, for many years, the home of Capt. Thomas
Holmes and then of Mr. Abbott Walker.
It is now in the possession of Mr. Frank Cousins.
The next in order was the estate of Mr, Gabriel ·Holman,
father of Jonathan Holman, f'or many years an officer in the
Salem Custom House, Next, an old house belonging to the
Bott family, and another, I think, owned by Mr. Mugford,
which was removed to Bott's Court, aud the New Jerusalem
Church was built on the spot. The two houses on either corner
of Bott's Cowt belonged to some of the Bott family. Above
this were three two-aud one-half story ahops extending to the
corner of Hamilton street. One was there as early aa 1812, and
waa occupied by Mr. John Ferguson as a grocery store. The
lower front of the one on the corner was the apothecary shop
of Joseph D, Chandler. There was a school in the second story.
On the site of these three houses, Dr. Benjamin F. Browne
afterward erected his house. On the opposite
�IJO
BAB.LT UOOLLl:anoxs
corner was the old house of Mr. Moses Wallis, now the
property of Joseph Hanson, Esq, 1 renovated, and I may say,
rebuilt, making a very fine appearance.
The next was the houso of Capt. John Foster, afterward of
Capt.ain Stephen Field, then of WiJJiam H. Foat.er, the son of
Captain Foster, who still resides on the premises. The next,
Captain Samuel Endicott's house, was occupied by him as early
as 1815. It is still occupied by his 1011, Mr. William P. Endicott
and family. The ne::it houae was Michael Webb's. It was there
certainly as early aa 1804. His son Michael and myself were
BChool-fellows, and I frequently visited the place. In after
yeara, it waa sold to Capt. Benjamin Creamer, and is atill
retained bytbe family. Next on the Cabot land was a large
two-and-ouehalf story wooden building. As late as 181!, there
was a grocery store in the lower story, kept by Mr. Corneliua
Briggs; and William Newhall, our late City Crier, was his clerk. I
think it was removed to Bost.on street. Next, the Cabot house. It
was built by an ancestor of the late Joseph S. Cabot in 1744, and
is now in posseaaion of Judge William C. Endicott. Long may it
remain a beautiful memorial of the style of old English
architecture.
Next to Judge Endicott's stands the Jeft'rey Lang house, built by
him iu 17 40 ; he had quite a large family and died in 1758. His
oldest son Richard, a silversmith, in the early years of the
century, occupied the eastern front of the house, and I think the
Leach family the western end; Mr. Laug died in 1820. There
were three 1001 of the Leach family : Geo1-ge, Hardy, and
&pee. The two eldest were members of the first clue, in the
Hacker school, rankiug high in penmanship, which woa then
thought to be more important than all othe1· branches of
learning combined. Next wu the old Holmes house so called, a
twostory old building with a pitched roof, eud to the street,
---
�01' 11PPBB PABT 01' l!SSU ft'BBn.
,221
occupied by several fa1nilies; the front room waa a small shop
kept by Sally Bacon for many years. Thia was taken down
some years since by Mias Mary Ann Ropes, now Mn. John
Bertram, who built the present house on it.a site. The house
next above waa the ho1ne of Capt. Timothy Ropes and family.
Next, that of Rev. Dr. Daniel Hopkins, of the South Church.
This house was built in 1764, by Mr. James Ford and
pul'chased by D1•, Hopkins in 1788. He was the aon of
Timothy and Mary (Judd] Hopkins, born in Waterbury, Conn.,
Oct. 16, 1734; a graduate of Yale College, 17 58 ; ca1ne to
Salem in 1766, and for some years kept a young ladies• school,
preaching occaaionalJy, until his ordination, Nov. 18, 1778 ;
manied in 1771 to Susanna, daughter of John Saunders of
Salem, by whom he had six children. He was the sole pastor
until 1804, in which year he received the aid of a colleague, in
the person of the late Rev. Dr. Brown Emerson, who
subsequently became his son-in-law. He is spoken of in his
biography, written by Dr. Emerson,
aa a gentleman of highly polished manners, and a kind and
amiable disposition. He waa tall and manly in bearing, hia
figure being sunnounted by a high triangular hat, and there
were grace and dignity in his movements. The remark waa
often made, that, Iu his looks and bea1•ing, he strikingly
reaembled Washington. He was a favorite with the children,
and once a month, being one of the boys of his pariah, I made
a visit to his house to receive religious iustru.ction, and
repeat the Assembly'• Shorter Catechism.
He died December 14, 1814. Dr. Emerson and family
occupied the house until his death, which occurred July
25, 1871, after a past.orate of sixty-seven years. It was
afte1·ward pu1·cbased by David P: Ives, Esq., 1111d is now
in his possession and is in a fine state of prese1-vation.
Next camo three small houses, oue of which still re-
�maina. The si~ or the other two is where Grace church now
stands. Nezt came Ebenezer Smith, baker, wit.ha bakery in
the rear of the house, and roadway passing to Chestnut atreet.
Above were two small bou11es one of which I think was
occupied by Mr. Roman's family, and the other by Mr.
George Mullett, a blind man, who was for many years the
Town Crier. On the site of these two houses stands the
residence of Lemuel Higbee, Esq.
We now come to the Cabot house, on the corner of Flint street.
It was, as I understand, built about 1810, an old house having,
before this, occupied the place. I do not, however, remember
it. This house was purchased about 1820, by Capt. Henry
King, and remained in his possession, and that of his family,
until sold a few yea1'8 since. It was afterward torn down, and
the present edifice erected. On the opposite corner, on Flint
street, within my earliest recollections, was a very old wooden
building, occupied as a dwelling house and groce1y, by Mr.
John Kimball, and for some years after, say from 1806 to
1810, by John N. Sleeper (and brother), who did a large
husineas for that time, in W eat India and other fo1•eign
goods. I well recollect the crowd, of teams from New
Hampshire and Vermont, with country produce, which came
there for the exchange ()f commodities. It was for many years
afterwards owned and occupied by Stephen Fogg, who
continued in the same buainess ; and who took down the old
building, erecting the present brick structure on the site.
W,e now come to the home of the venerable and good old
Dr. Barnard, pastor of the North Church. The house was of
the old English style, and built, as I lea1·n, by Judge Lindall,
in 1740. A large garden was attached, and kept In fino
order. On holidays, especially, the old geutlcmau dealt out
his flowe1"S with a liberal hand, to the
-- -- -
----.
�OF UPPER PART OP ESSEX STREET.
!23
girls and boys as they paeeed by, for he thought very much of
young people, and the feeling'waa truly recip1·0- cated. He
was the 10n of the Rev. Thomas of Newbury and of the Firat
Church, Salem; born in Newbury, Feb,, 5, 1748; graduated at
Harvard C.Ollege, 1766; ordained, January 13, 1773 ; died
October 1, 1814, regretted by all. Bia father, an uncle, a
grandfather, and great grandfather were all ministera and had
been settled over churches in this county, in Andover,
Haverhill, Newbury and Salem. In 1816, the estate was
purchaaed by John H. Andrews, Esq., who lived many years
after, and now (1884), is in poaeeaaion of two of his children,
Capt. John P • .And1-ews and sister,
We now pass on to the next houee, belonging to Mr.
Austin, with his cabinet shop attached, The house was sold
yeara afterward, and put in fine order by Capt. Charles Hart,
and is now the residence of Wm. Northey, Esq. The house
next, on the corner of Pine street, was built about 1806 or
1807, by Jabez Smith, and sold eeveml years after to Capt,
James Silver, who occupied it until his cleatb, and it has
since remained in the family,
The next, on the comer of Pine street, opposite, was known
by the name of the Osborne house, purchased by Capt,
Nathaniel Osgood, I think, about 1807 or 1808, where he and
his family resided some years, The house was then sold and
removed to Jtfarlborough (now Federal) street. Upon this
site, Capt. Osgood built a new brick edifice, now standing.
Above, we come to the mansion of Hon, Benjamin Goodhue,
built, as I understand, about 1780. It has passed through
several hands since his death. The present owner is John M.
Anderson, Esq. In a notice of Mr. Goodhue (whom I well
recollect), it is stated that he was early engaged in successful
commerce.
�2!4
JWII.T BBOOLLBorl01'8 01' ll8811X ft'BBBT.
He was a Whig of the revolution, Bia politica were of the W
11hi11gton school. He waa a senator from the county of Esaex
in the Maaaachuaetta Legislature, from 1784 to 1789, when he
waa elected a representative to the fi1'8t and three succeasive U.
S. Congreaaea, under the new Coaatitution, 1789-96; in 1796,
a senator in U. S. Congreaa for Mass., retiring from public life
in 1800. He was aon of Benjamin and Martha (Hardy)
Goodhue, born at Salem, 20 Sept., 17 48; graduated Harvard
College 1766; died 28 July, 1814; leaving an irreproachable
name to hie then only au"iviug eon, Jonathan Goodhue of New
York, a merchant who in character and credit st.ood second to
none in that commercial emporium.
The house above was built by a Mr. Luther, and the next, the
brick house, by Samuel K. Putnam,-I ehould tliink between
1806 and 1810. These two houeee now belong to John M.
Anderson, Esq. I have an indistinctrecollectiou of the first
named, and Mr. Putnam, I knew very well. These two houses,
were tenanted by various families, from 1810 to 1820, many ot
whom I knew, but can now recollect but one, as living at the
present time, and that one is a gentleman, well known and highly
respected, residing in Peabody ,-Major Lewis Allen, who will
be, if living, ninety years old next July.
One house still remains, the next above, the Mrs.
Greenwood house, removed there, I think, about 181!, from the
upper portion of Chestnut street to make room for the houses
of the Messrs. Saltonetall, Eaqrs., now standing on the location.
I have no doubt that some mistakes may be point.ad out in
these notes, and many omisaioos, but should think thoy were
substantially correct.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Broad Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
29 Broad Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House Histories
Description
An account of the resource
Built for
Ezekiel Savage,
Esquire And his children
1808
Home of
Captain Oliver Thayer And
wife Rachel Bancroft
And remains in possession of their descendants
1839 to 2020
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Built: 1808
House History Written: Feb. 2020
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1808
1839
2020
29/Broad Street
Bancroft
Massachusetts
Salem
Savage
Thayer