1
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Title
A name given to the resource
Winter Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
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Title
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26 Winter Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Joseph Story, lawyer, politician & Judge of the United States Supreme Court 1811
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
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Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
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Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
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1811, 2006
Contributor
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Robert Booth
Language
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English
1811
2006
26
Booth
Joseph
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Story
Street
Winter
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Title
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Bridge Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
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Title
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102 Bridge Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built 1851 for Captain William B. Bates, shipmaster
Creator
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Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
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Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
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Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
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1851, 2006
Contributor
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Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
102
1851
2006
Bates
Bridge
shipmaster
William
wood
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Title
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Hardy Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
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Title
A name given to the resource
26 Hardy Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built 1851 for Edward Bennett, shipwright
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
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Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1851, 2006
Contributor
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Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1851
2006
26
Bennett
Booth
Edward
Hardy
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Shipwright
Street
-
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Title
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Lemon Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
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Title
A name given to the resource
23 Lemon Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built 1839 for Lydia King, gentlewoman
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
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Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
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1839, 2006
Contributor
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Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1839
2006
23
History
House
Lemon Street
Lydia King
Massachusetts
Robert Booth
Salem
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Title
A name given to the resource
Linden Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
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Title
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25 Linden Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Rev. George Batchelor, clergyman 1872
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
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Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1872, 2006
Contributor
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Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1872
2006
25
History
House
Linden Street
Massachusetts
Rev. George Batchelor
Robert Booth
Salem
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PDF Text
Text
64-68 Essex Street and 70 Washington Square East, Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built in 1893 for Zina Goodell,
machinist and inventor, as a first-class apartment house.
On 4 May 1892, Zina Goodell of Salem purchased, at auction, for $11,3 50
from the Salem Savings Bank, the buildings and lot fronting on Washington
Square East and bounded northerly on Forrester Street 72' and southerly 123'
on Essex Street (ED 1344:199). The Bank had acquired the property by
foreclosing on a mortgage of the same given in 1883 by the heirs of James
Devereux, whose father-in-law, Clifford Crowninshield, merchant, had built
the large house on the lot c.1805 (near the corner of Forrester Street). The
Essex Street end of the lot was empty.
Mr. Goodell moved into the old Crowninshield-Devereux mansion, and soon
began planning for construction of a large apartment house on the corner of
Essex Street. By June, 1893, the new structure was "now in process of
erection," for at that time Mr. Goodell made a deal with the city that he could
build projecting bays on the house that would "encroach" on city land (extend
over the side-walk) on the Essex Street side, while he would agree to leave a
small piece of land unbuilt-on at the exact corner of Essex and Washington
Square (see plan and agreement at 1382:203). Presumably the new building
was finished by the fall of 1893.
Zina Goodell (1834-1920) was one of Salem's leading citizens in the late
1800s. He was an inventor, machinist, and employer; and he pushed for
improvements in the city.
(
Zina (pronounced with a long i) was born on Oct. 7, 1834, in Ipswich, where
his father, Abner C. Goodell, worked as a machinist and inventor in the first
decades of the local industrial revolution. Abner Goodell (1805-1898) was
born in Franklin County, Mass., the son of a Zina Goodell. Abner married
Sally Haskell Dodge (1804-1891) about 1828, and they lived in Cambridge at
first, where Mr. Goodell's talent for machinery and engineering was
recognized by Prof. Treadwell and Dr. Grenville. For Treadwell, he perfected
the first printing press that printed on both sides of a sheet of paper at once, the
precursor of the Hoe press. In 1834, the family, with its four young children,
moved to Ipswich, where Mr. Goodell invented a machine for making
lozenges, and discovered a process for making steel and copper plates for
engravers. Zina was born at that time. During this period, Abner also worked at
�the cotton factory in Byfield, and at the machine shop in Lowell, where he
helped to build the first locomotive for the Boston & Lowell railroad in 1836.
The family briefly returned to Cambridgeport, but settled in Salem in April,
1837. Abner Goodell went to work for Increase S. Hill at his notable machine
shop, which stood on Stage Point in South Salem (note: most of the
information about Abner Goodell comes from his newspaper obituary).
At that time, modest industrial and manufacturing businesses were starting up
in Salem, which had been recently traumatized by the loss of its traditional
overseas commerce. To the north, the falls of the Merrimack River powered
large new textile mills (Lowell was founded in 1823), which created great
wealth for their investors; and in general it seemed that the tide of opportunity
was ebbing away from Salem. To stem the flow of talent from the town and to
harness its potential water power for manufacturing, Salem's merchants and
capitalists had banded together in the 1820s to raise the money to dam the
North River for industrial power, but the effort had failed, and caused several
leading citizens to move to Boston, the hub of investment in the new economy.
Salem had not prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages.
The North River served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste
from the 25 tanneries that had set up along its banks. As the decade of the
1830s wore on, the new railroads and canals, all running and flowing to Boston
from points north, west, and south, diverted both capital and trade away from
the coast. Salem's remaining merchants took their equity out of local wharves
and warehouses and ships and put it into the stock of manufacturing and
transportation companies. Some merchants did not make the transition, and
were ruined. Old-line areas of work, like rope-making, sail-making, and ship
chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared. Salem slumped badly, but,
despite all, the voters had decided to charter their town as a city in 1836-the
third city to be formed in the state, behind Boston and Lowell. City Hall was
built 1837-8 and the city seal was adopted with an already-anachronistic Latin
motto of "to the farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West,
young man!"
(
Throughout the 1830s, the leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy
for their fellow citizens, many of whom were mariners without much seafaring to do. Ingenuity, ambition, and hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant
built in 1818 in North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and
blue vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business. Salem's
whale-fishery led to the manufacturing of high-quality candles at Stage Point,
along with machine oils. The candles proved very popular. Lead-
2
�manufacturing began in the 1820s, and grew large after 1830, when Wyman's
gristmills on the Forest River, at the head of Salem Harbor, were retooled for
making high-quality white lead and sheet lead. These enterprises, fostered
largely by the young industrialist Francis Peabody, were a start toward taking
Salem in a new direction. Increase Hill, a Salem boy with great mechanical
talent, worked for Peabody for some years, and then set up his own shop,
manufacturing all sorts of machinery and specializing in the construction of
steam engines. He attracted very talented employees like Abner Goodell and
Joseph Dixon, a Marbleheader who also had a brilliant engineering mind.
Among other projects, they worked on the construction of an invention of
another Salem man, young doctor Charles G. Page, M.D.-the very first
electric motor engine. Unfortunately, Hill's machine shop business-long on
invention and talent but short on funds-was ruined by the Panic of 183 7, a
brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression. Like many others in Salem,
Increase Hill left town to seek his fortune elsewhere.
In 183 8 the Eastern Rail Road, headquartered in Salem, began operating
between Boston and Salem, which gave local people a direct route to the
region's largest market. The new railroad tracks ran right over the middle of
the Mill Pond; the tunnel under Washington Street was built in 1839; and the
line was extended to Newburyport in 1840. The presence of the railroad-too
late for the Hill machine shop-gave local machinists a major institutional
client. In 1838 or so Mr. Goodell contracted with Joseph Arrington, a cooper,
to build a machine to manufacture kegs as containers for white lead, which was
being produced in Salem by Francis Peabody's mills. The machine was a great
success.
In 1840 the Goodell family resided on Walnut Street (predecessor of
Hawthorne Boulevard; per 1841 directory), and by 1844 (per 1844 street book)
they resided at 2 Dow Street in South Salem, and Mr. Goodell had a machine
shop at 33 Front Street, at the corner of Washington, in the rear of
Frothingham's stove store, on a wharf on the then-South River, Salem's old
inner harbor. There, he made more keg-making machines and other equipment.
The Eastern Railroad people hired him to build the first engine lathe in their
repair shops, and he was so successful that he never wanted for work again.
Young Zina Goodell, eleven in 1845, was growing up in these years, and
proved to be his father's son, with great aptitude for machinery and
engmeenng.
While the Goodell machine shop began to enjoy some success, Salem as a
whole was declining. A few members of Salem's waning merchant class
continued to pursue their sea-borne businesses into the 1840s; but it was an ebb
tide, with unfavorable winds. Boston, a modern mega-port with efficient
3
�railroad and highway distribution to all markets, had subsumed virtually all
foreign trade other than Salem's continuing commerce with Zanzibar. The
sleepy waterfront at Derby Wharf, with an occasional arrival from Africa and
regular visits from schooners carrying wood from Nova Scotia, is depicted in
1850 by Hawthorne in his mean-spirited "introductory section" to The Scarlet
Letter, which he began while working in the Custom House.
Although Hawthorne had no interest in describing it, Salem's transformation
did occur in the 1840s, as more industrial methods and machines were
introduced, and many new companies in new lines of business arose. The
Gothic symbol of Salem's new industrial economy was the large twin-towered
granite train station-the "stone depot"-smoking and growling with idling
locomotives. It stood on filled-in land at the foot of Washington Street, where
the merchants' wharves had been; and from it the trains carried many valuable
products as well as passengers. The tanning and curing of leather was very
important in Salem by the mid-1800s. On and near Boston Street, along the
upper North River, there were 41 tanneries in 1844, and 85 in 1850, employing
550 hands. The leather business would continue to grow in importance. In
1846 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company completed the construction at
Stage Point-on the site of the Increase Hill machine shop-of the largest
factory building in the United States, 60' wide by 400' long. It was an
immediate success, and hundreds of people found employment there, many of
them living in tenements built nearby. It too benefited from the Zanzibar and
Africa trade, as it produced light cotton cloth for use in the tropics. Also in the
1840s, a new method was introduced to make possible high-volume industrial
shoe production. In Lynn, the factory system was perfected, and that city
became the nation's leading shoe producer. Salem had shoe factories too, and
attracted shoe workers from outlying towns and the countryside. Even the
population began to transform, as hundreds of Irish families, fleeing the
Famine in Ireland, settled in Salem and gave the industrialists a big pool of
cheap labor.
Abner C. Goodell continued his creative engineering off Front Street, and
invented machines for cutting and splitting shoe pegs and for rolling tin tubes.
He also manufactured specialty tools for boring the logs used in pumps and
aqueducts. Presumably Zina worked with him on these projects, while
attending Salem schools. He graduated from Salem English High School in the
fall of 1850, aged almost sixteen, and went to work as an apprentice to his
father.
In 1851, Stephen C. Phillips succeeded in building a railroad line from Salem
to Lowell, which meant that coal, landed at Phillips Wharf in Salem, could be
run cheaply out to Lowell to help fuel the boilers of the mills, whose output of
4
�textiles could be freighted easily to Salem, and carried to other destinations by
Salem ships. This innovation, although not destined to last long, was a rnuchneeded boost to Salem's economy and continued importance as a port and
transportation center. The Goodell machine shop was given much new
business, and Zina did so well at his work that in 1855, aged twenty, he was
made a partner in the firm. By that time, the family had moved to a house at 18
Central Street (per directory). In 1856 A.C. Goodell & Co. relocated to 16
Lafayette Street, and the family moved to 5 Daniels Street (per 1857 directory),
followed by a move to a new homestead at 4 Federal Street in 1858 (see 1859
directory). On Oct. 26, 1858, Zina Goodell married Mary A. Cousins, the
daughter of Thomas & Mary Cousins of English Street; and Mary & Zina
would move to a home at 14 Harbor Street in South Salem.
Salem's growth continued through the 1850s, as business and industries
expanded, the population swelled, new churches (e.g. Immaculate Conception,
1857) were started, new working-class neighborhoods were developed
(especially in North Salem and South Salem, off Boston Street, and along the
Mill Pond behind the Broad Street graveyard), and new schools, factories, and
stores were built. A second, larger, factory building for the Naurnkeag Stearn
Cotton Company was added in 1859, at Stage Point, where a new Methodist
Church went up, and many neat homes, boarding-houses, and stores were
erected along the streets between Lafayette and Congress. The tanning
business boomed, as better and larger tanneries went up along Boston Street
and Mason Street; and subsidiary industries sprang up as well, most notably
the J.M. Anderson glue-works on the Turnpike (Highland Avenue).
As it re-established itself as an economic powerhouse, Salem took a strong
interest in national politics. It was primarily Republican, and strongly antislavery, with its share of outspoken abolitionists, led by Charles Rernond, a
passionate speaker who came from one of the city's notable black families. At
its Lyceum (on Church Street) and in other venues, plays and shows were put
on, but cultural lectures and political speeches were given too.
By 1860, with the election of Abraham Lincoln, it was clear that the Southern
states would secede from the union; and Salem, which had done so much to
win the independence of the nation, was ready to go to war to force others to
remain a part of it.
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years, during which
hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy, and many were killed or
died of disease or abusive treatment while imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered
wounds, or broken health. The people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to
alleviate the suffering of the soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was
5
�great celebration when the war finally ended in the spring of 1865,just as
President Lincoln was assassinated. The four years of bloodshed and warfare
were over; the slaves were free; a million men were dead; the union was
preserved and the South was under martial rule. Salem, with many wounded
soldiers and grieving families, welcomed the coming of peace.
Through the 1860s, Salem pursued manufacturing, especially of leather and
shoes and textiles. The managers and capitalists tended to build their new,
grand houses along Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of
Roslyn Street; many are in the French Second Empire style, with mansard
roofs). A third factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was
built in 1865. By that time, Zina Goodell was managing most of the A.C.
Goodell firm's business.
In 1870 Salem received its last cargo from Zanzibar, thus ending a onceimportant trade. By then, a new Salem & New York freight steamboat line was
in operation. Seven years later, with the arrival of a vessel from Cayenne,
Salem's foreign trade came to an end. After that, "the merchandise warehouses
on the wharves no longer contained silks from India, tea from China, pepper
from Sumatra, coffee from Arabia, spices from Batavia, gum-copal from
Zanzibar, hides from Africa, and the various other products of far-away
countries. The boys have ceased to watch on the Neck for the incoming
vessels, hoping to earn a reward by being the first to announce to the expectant
merchant the safe return of his looked-for vessel. The foreign commerce of
Salem, once her pride and glory, has spread its white wings and sailed away
forever" (Rev. George Bachelder in History of Essex County, II: 65).
Salem was now so densely built-up that a general conflagration was always a
possibility, as in Boston, when, on Nov. 9, 1872, the financial and
manufacturing district of the city burned up. Salem prospered in the 1870s,
carried forward by the leather-making business. In 1872 Zina Goodell had a
large building, constructed of concrete, erected at the corner of Lafayette and
Dodge Streets; and he took in his lead machinist, Paul B. Patten, as a partner in
his machine company. In 1874 the city was visited by a tornado and shaken by
a minor earthquake. In the following year, the large Pennsylvania Pier (site of
the present coal-fired harborside electrical generating plant) was completed to
begin receiving large shipments of coal. Beyond it, at Juniper Point, a new
owner began subdividing the old Allen farmlands into a new development
called Salem Willows and Juniper Point. In the U.S. centennial year, 1876,
A.G. Bell of Salem announced that he had discovered a way to transmit voices
over telegraph wires.
6
�In this decade, French-Canadian families began corning to work in Salem's
mills and factories, and more houses and tenements were built. The better-off
workers bought portions of older houses or built small homes for their families
in the outlying sections of the city; and by 1879 the Naurnkeag Stearn Cotton
mills would employ 1200 people and produce annually nearly 15 million yards
of cloth. Shoe-manufacturing businesses expanded in the 1870s, and 40 shoe
factories were employing 600-plus operatives. Tanning, in both Salem and
Peabody, remained a very important industry, and employed hundreds of
breadwinners. On Boston Street in 1879, the Arnold tannery caught fire and
burned down.
In 1880 Goodell and Patten separated as business partners, and Zina Goodell
operated his own company, Zina Goodell & Company, engaged in rnachinework and black-smithing. He and his wife and children resided near his
parents, at 13 Federal Street. He expanded by building a large garage on
Lafayette Street.
Zina Goodell (1834-1920) m. 1858 Mary A. Cousins (1836-1911). Known
issue:
1. George Z, physician
2. Mary E., April 1862, m. George E. Patterson
3. Oliver W., Aug. 1868, m. Annie.
4. Caroline, March, 1872, m. Walter P. Pratt.
5. Frank Thomas, April, 1876, m. 1906 Sophie.
In the 1880s and 1890s, Salem kept building infrastructure; and new businesses
arose, and established businesses expanded. Retail stores prospered; horsedrawn trolleys ran every which-way; and machinists, carpenters, millwrights,
and other specialists all thrived. In 1880, Salem's manufactured goods were
valued at about $8.4 million, of which leather accounted for nearly half. In the
summer of 1886, the Knights of Labor brought a strike against the
manufacturers for a ten-hour day and other concessions; but the manufacturers
imported labor from Maine and Canada, and kept going. The strikers held out,
and there was violence in the streets, and even rioting; but the owners
prevailed, and many of the defeated workers lost their jobs and suffered, with
their families, through a bitter winter.
By the rnid-18 80s, Salem's cotton-cloth mills at the Point employed 1400
people who produced about 19 million yards annually, worth about $1.5
million. The city's large shoe factories stood downtown behind the stone depot
and on Dodge and Lafayette Streets. A jute bagging company prospered with
plants on Skerry Street and English Street; its products were sent south to be
7
�used in cotton-baling. Salem factories also produced lead, paint, and oil. At
the Eastern Railroad yard on Bridge Street, cars were repaired and even built
new. In 1887 the streets were first lit with electricity, replacing gas-light. The
gas works, which had stood on Northey Street since 1850, was moved to a
larger site on Bridge Street in 1888, opposite the Beverly Shore.
More factories and more people required more space for buildings, more roads,
and more storage areas. This space was created by filling in rivers, harbors,
and ponds. The once-broad North River was filled from both shores, and
became a canal along Bridge Street above the North Bridge. The large and
beautiful Mill Pond, which occupied the whole area between the present
Jefferson Avenue, Canal Street, and Loring Avenue, finally vanished beneath
streets, storage areas, junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots. The South River,
too, with its epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a Custom House
built there in 1805) disappeared under the pavement, and some of its old
wharves were joined together with much in-fill and turned into coal-yards and
lumber-yards. Only a canal was left, running in from Derby and Central
Wharves to Lafayette Street.
Zina Goodell continued with his inventing of machinery as well as the
management of a profitable business; and in 1890 he patented his invention for
an elevator (see appendix). As has been mentioned, he purchased the
Crowninshield-Devereux mansion in 1892, and had this house (64-68 Essex,
70 Washington Square East) built in 1893. In spring of that year, the big news
was the Lizzie Borden murder trial in Fall River; and the summer of that year
brought with it the start of a bad national economic depression. Construction
went forward, and soon the building was complete. No doubt the very aged Mr.
Abner C. Goodell came by to admire it; and he would die in March, 1898, aged
93 years.
At Mr. Goodell's new apartment house, the first known tenant heads of
households, as of 1896, were (taken from 1897-8 directory):
#64 (two-family): Joseph H.M. Edwards, an apothecary at 120 Essex Street,
and Joseph G. Lufkin, a salesman working in Boston
#66: Samuel A. Knight, partner in a coal business located on Phillips Wharf
#68: Mrs. Ida M. Harford (widow of Harvey) and Charles E. Harford,
machinist
#70 W. Sq. E.: James S. Smart, partner in Smart & Spencer, brass founders and
furnishers (at 84 Lafayette Street, the Goodell bulding) and bicycle dealers and
repairers at 7 8 Washington Street.
8
�In 1898 (per 1899-1900 directory), the building was occupied by most of these
same families, except that #68 was vacant, and at #64 the Lutkins' place had
been taken by the family of Walter P. Pratt, 26, Zina Goodell's son-in-law,
who had a grocery and provisions store at 68 Washington Street.
By 1900, the tenants were (per 1900 census):
#64 (two-family): James Wright, 36, engineer (wife Sadie, 32; sons Alexander,
12, Charles, 9, and Jean, five, all but the last born in New Brunswick, Canada)
and the Walter P. Pratts (Walter, 31, grocer, Carrie, 28, children Helen, five,
and Oliver, three)
#66: not listed
#68: James Taylor, 43, a carpenter and native of Canada (wife Lucy, 40,
children James R., 18, at school, Harold J., 14, and Laura M., twelve, born in
New York while the others were born in Canada)
#70 W. Sq. E.: James S. Smart, 49, manufacturer, born in New Hampshire,
wife Caroline, 45, child Nellie, 25).
By 1905, the tenant families were headed by: #64 Robert Webb, optician, and
George E. Carrier, a French-Canadian machinist (wife Delia, 33, a manicurist,
and son Wilfred, 11, born in New Hampshire); #66 James A. Lord, 48,
bookkeeper (wife Nettie and two daughters, Alice and Grace); #68 Frank T.
Goodell, 29, bookkeeper for his father's Zina Goodell Co.; #70 Washington
Sq. East Oscar C. Moore, 49, shoemaker (wife Lavenia, 48, and mother-in-law
Louisa Beal, 72, from Maine).
By 1910 (per census) the building had the same tenants except that in #64 the
Webbs were gone and Edward LeBlanc, 49, a French Canadian laborer, wife
Mary, 38, a dressmaker, and son William, 14, resided in one of the units in
#64.
Salem kept growing. The Canadians were followed in the early 20th century by
large numbers of Polish and Ukrainian families, who settled primarily in the
Derby Street neighborhood. By the eve of World War One, Salem was a
bustling, polyglot city that supported large department stores and large
factories of every description. People from the surrounding towns, and
Marblehead in particular, came to Salem to do their shopping; and its
handsome government buildings, as befit the county seat, were busy with
conveyances ofland, lawsuits, and probate proceedings. The city's politics
were lively, and its economy was strong.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street opposite
Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden tanneries. This fire
9
�soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the west wind was
high and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire, and the next,
and out of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of flame
and smoke, wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street, and upper
Broad Street, and then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and
other residential streets. Men and machines could not stop it: the enormous fire
crossed over into South Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods west of
Lafayette Street, then devoured the mansions of Lafayette Street itself, and
raged onward into the tenement district. Zina Goodell' s large concrete
building, at the corner of Dodge Street, did not burn down-one of the very
few buildings that withstood the flames.
Despite the combined efforts of heroic fire crews from many towns and cities,
the fire overwhelmed almost everything in its path: it smashed into the large
factory buildings of the Naurnkeag Stearn Cotton Company (Congress Street),
which exploded in an inferno; and it rolled down Lafayette Street and across
the water to Derby Street. There, just beyond Union Street, after a 13-hour
rampage, the monster died, having consumed 250 acres, 1600 houses, and 41
factories, and leaving three dead and thousands homeless. Some people had
insurance, some did not; all received much support and generous donations
from all over the country and the world. It was one of the greatest urban
disasters in the history of the United States, and the people of Salem would
take years to recover from it. Eventually, they did, and many of the former
houses and businesses were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal projects
(including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved removing old houses and
widening old streets) were put into effect.
In the spring of 1920, Zina Goodell, 85, fell ill, and he died on Friday, July 9,
1920, at home. For many decades after his death, his name lived on in his
business, carried on at Lafayette Street, and especially in its hardware store
(now Winer Brothers'), on Lafayette Street at the corner of Dodge.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in
1926 was a time of great celebration. The Depression hit in 1929, and ·
continued through the 1930s. Salem, the county seat and regional retail center,
gradually rebounded, and prospered after World War II through the 1950s and
into the 1960s. General Electric, Sylvania, Parker Brothers, Pequot Mills
(formerly Naurnkeag Stearn Cotton Co.), Alrny's department store, various
other large-scale retailers, and Beverly's United Shoe Machinery Company
were all major local employers. Then the arrival of suburban shopping malls
and the relocation of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have
with many other cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward
into the present with success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the
10
�witch trials, but also from its history as a great seaport and as the home of
Bowditch, Mcintire, Bentley, Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a
city where the homes of the old-time merchants, mariners, machinists, and
mill-operatives are all honored as a large part of what makes Salem different
from any other place.
-Robert Booth for Historic Salem, Inc., 23 Jan. 2006
11
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Essex Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
64-68 Essex Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built 1893 for Zina Goodell, machinist, inventor
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1893, 2006
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1893
2006
64
68
Essex
Goodell
History
House
Massachusetts
Salem
Street
Zina