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HISTORIC
SALEM INC
8 Andrew Street
Built for
Captain Samuel Masury, circa 1804, Mariner
Researched by Joyce King, 2002.
Historic Salem Inc.
The Bowditch House
9 North Street, Salem, MA, 01970
(978) 745-0799 I HistoricSalem.org
©2020
�(
Built for Captain Samuel Masury Jun" mariner Circa
1804
8 Andrew Street RATING: THREE. PERIOD: FEDERAL
"Siding over the clapboards and a pediment supported by metal braces conceal the Federal
characteristics of this house. Under the pediment the front door is framed by pilasters and a
fanlight. Evidently the house was built by Captain Samuel Masury. According to B.F. Browne,
this house was plastered on the outside at first -- an innovation in Salem at that time-- but the
plaster did not stand up and was removed, being replaced with clapboards." (Historic District
Study 2:1)
"Benjamin F. Browne in an article in the Essex Institute Historical Collections said that the
land now Andrew Street was first owned by Captain Joseph Gardner, who was slain fighting
the Narragansett Indians in 1675. It was then sold to Joseph Andrew, whose grandson sold it
about 1780 to William Browne, who had a tannery here until 1802 when he opened up Andrew
Street and sold house lots. Mr. Browne mentions that when he was young, water came up to
Milk Street occasionally and that there was a spring east of the street and a stone wall at the
end of it by Cove (Webb Street did not exist then)." (Historic District Study 2:1)
As mentioned above, William Brown (also Browne) and his son, Benjamin, carried on a
tannery business on their large parcel ofland. An entry in Rev. William Bentley's diary, on
September 3, 1812, details the life of William Browne. "Died-William Browne, a Deacon,
Warden of the Second Church, aet 79 ... In his youth he learned the Taylor's trade & was
distinguished by the name of his occupation from the W. B. of the first family in Salem. He
practiced his trade for many years at the head of Union wharf in a small building belonging to
the Browne estate ... Br. Browne then removed to a shop which he bought upon a water lot at
the foot of Curtis street below Derby street,_& he purchased a
house in Curtis street in which he lived above 30 years & in which he died. By engaging in a
little shop & of an uncommon economy, he retailed groceries & kept boarders till he
purchased the part of the Andrew Estate eastward of Washington Square, of the Town swamp
above the Common. Here he carried on the Tanning business for several years with one of his
Sons & upon the rise of real estate he laid out Andrew street &still possesses several lots &
dwelling houses as well as other buildings upon it. He married three times & had three
excellent wives." " He was small in person, active, & on Monday
___ last was in every pa_!! of town. He said, since a tum last winter, he was often faint & he · · fainted
last week in his field. His indisposition last winter seemed lethargic inclining to paralysis but
without any visible effect after his recovery. It was of the same kind when he died. He lay
Tuesday & Wednesday in sensible & died this day at 11 a.m. A man of the best affections to
his family ~ much maligned." (Bentley 4: 113)
Research'by, Joyce King
February 2002
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Andrew Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
8 Andrew Street, Salem, Massachusetts, 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House History
Description
An account of the resource
Built circa 1804, for Captain Samuel Masury, Mariner. Documents provided are of research conduction on house; formal house history unavailable. Plaque was granted after research was presented by homeowner; no formal house history on record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. House Histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Circa 1804, 2002.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joyce King
Language
A language of the resource
English
1804
2002
8
Andrew Street
Captain Samuel Masury
Joyce King
Salem Massachusetts
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072b269c8cea2fec3049c71a3591e0d9
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19 Flint Street, Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built in 1871 for Leonard
Harrington, leather dealer.
On 18 March 1871 Leonard B. Harrington Jr. for $3000 purchased from Samuel P.
Andrews a parcel of land, 8058 square feet, fronting easterly 60' on Flint Street
(ED 818: 145). At about the same time, Mr. Hanington exchanged small gores of
land, which helped to square off the house-lot (ED 819:89). Mr. Harrington, thiliy,
then proceeded to build the present house on the lot, probably in the spring of
1871. (Salem valuations for 1871 have the penciled notation that Leonard
Harrington had a new house at 7 Flint Street, house worth $7000, lot worth $2000).
Leonard B. Harrington Jr. was born in Salem on 8 September 1841, the son of
Leonard B. Harrington, a currier, and his wife Margaret C. Hersey. Leonard was
the last of their four children. An infant, also named Leonard, had died in 1834,
while Henry and Mary Elizabeth had survived.
Leonard grew up in a house on upper Federal Street. His father, born in 1803, was
a native of Salem, the son of Charles Harrington, who had come to Salem from
Watertown after the end of the war for independence. L.B. Harrington Sr. went to
sea at thirteen, but soon gave up that life and was apprenticed to a currier in
Roxbury. In 1824 he began as a journeyman currier, curing leather to be used to
make various items such as shoes, saddles, etc. In 1829 he went into business for
himself; and in January, 1831 he married Margaret Hersey of Roxbury. In the
1830s he formed a partnership with Henry Turner as Harrington & Turner,
curriers, with their leather operation situated at 35 Boston Street, Salem. At first
the Harringtons resided on upper Essex Street, but by 1841, when Leonard Jr. was
born, they had a house on Federal Street (evidently #153, where they certainly
resided in the 1850s).
In the decade before Leonard's birth, Salem's maritime commerce had waned.
The merchants had taken their equity out of wharves and warehouses and ships and
put it into manufacturing and transportation, as the advent of railroads and canals
in the 1830s diverted both capital and trade away from the coast. Some merchants
did not make the transition, and were ruined. Old-line areas of work, like ropemaking, sail-making, and ship chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared.
Well into the 1830s, Salem slumped badly.
1
�Despite its woes, Salem was chartered as a city in 1836. City Hall was built in
1837-8 on Washington Street and the city seal was adopted with an alreadyanachronistic Latin motto of "to the farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from
"Go West, young man!" The Panic of 1837, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic
depression, caused even more Salem families to head west in search of fortune and
a better future. Salem had not prepared for the industrial economy, and had few
natural advantages. The North River served not to power factories but mainly to
carry the waste from the many tanneries (23 by 1832), like L.B. Harrington's, that
had set up along its banks. Throughout the 1830s, the leaders of Salem scrambled
to re-invent an economy for their fellow citizens, many of whom were mariners
without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity, ambition, and hard work would have to
carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, which was Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise. At the plant built in 1817 on the North River, the
production of alum and blue vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful
business. Salem's whale-fishery, active for many years in the early 1800s, led, in
the 183 Os, to the manufacturing of high-quality candles at Stage Point, along with
machine oils. The candles proved very popular. Some of the whale-blubber was
perhaps processed on Boston Street, at "Blubber Hollow." Lead-manufacturing
began in the 1820s, and grew large after 1830, when Wyman's gristmills on the
Forest River were retooled for making high-quality white lead and sheet lead (the
approach to Marblehead is still called Lead Mills Hill, although the empty mill
buildings burned down in 1960s).
These enterprises were a start toward taking Salem in a new direction. In 183 8 the
Eastern Rail Road began operating between Boston and Salem, which gave the
people of Salem and environs a direct route to the region's largest market. The
tam1ing and curing of leather was a very important industry by the mid- l 800s. It
was conducted on and near Boston Street, along the upper North River. There
were 41 tanneries in 1844, and 85 in 1850, employing 550 hands. The leather
business would continue to grow in importance throughout the 1800s.
In 1846 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company completed the construction at
Stage Point of the largest factory building in the United States, 60' wide by 400'
long. It was an immediate success, and hundreds of people found employment
there, many of them living in industrial tenements built nearby. Also in the 1840s,
a new method was introduced to make possible high-volume industrial shoe
production. In Lynn, the factory system was perfected, and that city became the
2
�nation's leading shoe producer. Salem had shoe factories too, and attracted shoe
workers from outlying towns and country areas. Even the population changed, as
hundreds of Irish families, fleeing the Famine, settled in Salem; and the men went
to work in the factories and as laborers. At that time the Catholics worshipped at
St. Mary's Church, which stood nearby at the corner of Bridge and Mall Streets.
In the face of all this change, some members of Salem's waning merchant class
continued to pursue their sea-borne businesses; but even the conditions of shipping
changed, and Salem was left on the ebb tide. In the late 1840s, giant clipper ships
replaced the smaller vessels that Salem men had sailed around the world; and the
clippers, with their deep drafts and large holds, were usually too large for Salem
and its harbor. The town's shipping soon consisted of little more than Zanzibartrade vessels and visits from Down East coasters with cargoes of fuel wood and
building timber. By 1850 Salem was about finished as a working port. A picture
of Salem's sleepy waterfront is given by Hawthorne in his "introductory section"
(really a sketch of Salem) to The Scarlet Letter, which he began while working in
the Custom House.
The symbol of Salem's new industrial economy was the large twin-towered granite
train station, built in 1848-9 on filled-in land at the foot of Washington Street,
where before had been the merchants' wharves. The 1850s brought continued
growth: new churches, schools, streets, stores, etc. More Catholic churches were
built, and new housing was constructed in North Salem and the Gallows Hill areas
to accommodate the workers. A spur railroad line came in from Peabody (South
Danvers), past the end of Northey Street, and turned down Saunders Street, where
it crossed Bridge Street and ran on to Phillips Wharf, where the trains freighted
coal and catTied it all the way to the factories of Lowell.
In 1860, Leonard Hmrington (Jr.), 19, was listed as residing at his father's house,
153 Federal Street, and working in Boston as a clerk at 91 Milk Street (1861 Salem
Directory). At home lived his parents, his brother Henry, 27, a clerk, his sister
Mary, 21, and a servant, Eliza Derrell, 25. Mr. L.B. Harrington then owned real
estate worth $10, 000 and had $100, 000 in personal estate ( 18 60 census, ward four,
house 1942).
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years, during which
hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy, and many were killed or died
of disease or abusive treatment while imprisoned. In mid-September, 1862,
Leonard Harrington, 21, enlisted for nine months in the U.S. Army, as a private in
the 50th regiment of Mass. Volunteer Infantry, which had many Salem men. He
3
�was assigned to Company A (the Salem Light Infantry), under Capt. George D.
Putnam. After encamping in New York for some weeks, Company A embarked on
Dec. 13 on the transport Jersey Blue, bound for the Gulf of Mexico; however, once
at sea, the vessel proved unseaworthy and made an emergency landing in a storm
at Hilton Head, SC. On another vessel they made their way to New Orleans,
arriving Jan. 20, 1863 and proceeding upriver to Baton Rouge, where they camped
and prepared for combat. After some skirmishing and many long marches,
Leonard Harrington and the other men of Company A were engaged in May and
June in the bloody attacks on Port Hudson, which finally surrendered after a siege.
In August the men were sent home, and arrived by train in Salem on August 11th,
"thus completing an exceedingly arduous term of service, which left its marks
deeply upon all of the command." (see George D. Putnam's article in Hurd's
History ofEssex County).
The war continued, and Leonard Harrington resumed his job in Boston and his
place in his father's house on Federal Street. The people of Salem contributed
greatly to efforts to alleviate the suffering of the soldiers, sailors, and their
families; and there was great celebration when the war finally ended in the spring
of 1865.
Through the 1860s and 1870s, Salem continued to pursue a manufacturing course.
The managers and capitalists tended to build their new, grand houses along
Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of Holly Street). For the
workers, they built more and more tenements near the mills of Stage Point. A
second, larger, factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company would
be added in 1859, and a third in 1865; and by 1879 the mills would employ 1200
people and produce annually 14,700,000 yards of cloth. Shoe-manufacturing also
continued to expand, and by 1879 Salem would have 40 shoe factories employing
600-plus operatives. More factories and more people required 1nore space for
buildings, more roads, and more storage areas. Salem kept building infrastructure;
and new businesses arose, and established businesses expanded. Retail stores
prospered, and machinists, carpenters, millwrights, and other specialists all thrived.
In the 1870s, French-Canadian families began moving to Salem to work in the
mills and factories, and more houses and tenements were built in what had been
open areas of the city.
During this period of industrial expansion, Leonard's father, Leonard B.
Harrington Sr., was one of the leaders of the city's profitable leather industry.
Leonard Jr. continued to work in Boston (at 93 Pearl Street by 1871) and to board
at his father's at 153 Federal Street (see 1872 Salem Director).
4
�In 1871 Mr. Harrington, who was engaged to marry Ellen P. Langmaid, had this
house built in the then-popular French Empire style, four-square with mansard roof
and some Italianate trim. They married on December 4 111 • That year, 1871, was
uneventful in Salem, which, in 1870, had received its last cargo from Zanzibar,
thus ending a once-impmiant trade. President U.S. Grant passed through Salem in
October, 1871; and a new Salem & New York freight steamboat line was in
operation. In 1872, a fire destroyed a tam1ery on Franklin Street in North Salem,
near the site of a similar fire in 1870. Leonard Harrington kept commuting to his
job; and on Nov. 9th the financial and manufacturing district of the city of Boston
was destroyed in a terrible fire. It is likely that Mr. Harrington's office was among
the many consumed in that infe1no, one of worst urban fires in American history.
Boston rebuilt, and Mr. Harrington carried on his business in downtown Boston.
In 1873, the Harringtons had a child, a girl whom they named Mabel.
Salem continued to prosper in the 1870s, carried forward by the leather-making
business. In 1874 the city was visited by a tornado and shaken by a minor
earthquake. In the following year, the large Pennsylvania Pier (site of the present
coal-fired harborside electrical generating plant) was completed to begin receiving
large shipments of coal. Beyond it, at Juniper Point, a new owner began
subdividing the old Allen farmlands into a new development called Salem Willows
and Juniper Point. In the Centennial Year, 1876, Prof. A.G. Bell of Salem
announced that he had discovered a way to transmit voices over telegraph wires;
and in 1877, with the arrival of a vessel from Cayenne, Salem's foreign trade came
to an end. On Boston Street in 1879, the Arnold tannery caught fire and burned
down.
Through this period, the Harringtons appear to have lived in comfort in their nice
house. In 1880 the family resided here (Leonard Harrington, 39, leather dealer, his
wife Ellen, 34, their daughter Mabel C., six), along with two servants, Sophia
Baudrot, originally of Nova Scotia, and Nellie Cobane, 17 (1880 census, ED 234 p.
42).
By 1881 this house was re-numbered 6 Flint Street. The Harringtons lived here;
Mr. Harrington worked in Boston at 161 Summer Street, as a leather dealer in his
partnership, Harrington & Cummings. Mr. Harrington's father, Mr. L.B.
Harrington Sr., continued operating his very successful leather factory on Highland
Avenue, Salem. In the fall of 1886 the leather workers went on strike, and there
was a riot on Boston Street on Nov. 25, followed three days later by a settlement.
5
�In 1887 the John Bertram house, nearby on Essex Street, was donated to the city
for a public library; and there was a great parade of temperance clubs.
Leonard Harrington kept commuting to Boston through the very cold winter of
1887-1888. On January 26, 1888, occurred a total eclipse of the moon, which Mr.
Harrington probably observed. He fell ill in February; and on the morning of 4
March 1888, a Sunday, he died here at home, aged 47 years. His obituary noted
that he was a member of the firm of Harrington & Cummings, leather dealers, in
Boston, and that he belonged to Post 34 of the Grand Army of the Republic. His
death was "quite sudden." He left his widow Ellen and daughter, Mabel, as well as
his father, who would die in 1889.
In the years that followed, Mrs. Ellen P. Harrington resided here. Her daughter
Mabel married a Mr. Buck.minster, and moved to Burlington, Mass.
After withstanding the pressures of the new industrial city for about 50 years,
Salem's rivers began to disappear. The once-broad North River was filled from
both shores, and became a canal along Bridge Street above the N01ih Bridge. The
cove adjoining Northey Street was filled in from Bridge Street all the way to the
railroad tracks. The large and beautiful Mill Pond, which occupied the whole area
between the present Jefferson Avenue, Canal Street, and Loring Avenue, finally
vanished beneath streets, storage areas, junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots.
The South River, too, with its epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a
Custom House built there in 1805), disappeared under the pavement of Riley Plaza
and New Derby Street, and its old wharves (even the mighty Union Wharf,
formerly Long Wharf, at the foot of Union Street) were joined together with much
in-fill and turned into coal-yards and lumber-yards. Only a canal was left, running
in from Derby and Central Wharves to Lafayette Street.
In the early 20th century large numbers of Polish and Ukrainian families came to
Salem and settled primarily in the Derby Street neighborhood. By the eve of
World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported large
depaiiment stores and large factories of every description. Its politics were lively,
and its economy was strong.
In 1911 Mrs. HaITington 1noved to Burlington, probably to live with her daughter;
and the house was then occupied by Walter C. HaITis, who worked in Boston as a
private secretary at 50 State Street (see 1912 Directory). Mr. Harris, who had
grown up on Bridge Street, had resided at 15 Winter Street in 1911. Mrs.
6
�Harrington returned to Salem by August, 1913, when her daughter Mrs.
Buckminster granted her a life estate in the homestead here (ED 2227:291).
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street opposite
Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden tanneries. This fire
soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the west wind was high
and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire, and the next, and out
of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of flame and smoke
(passing by not far from the back yard of this house), wiping out the houses of
lower Boston Street, upper Essex Street, Warren Street, and upper Broad Street,
and then sweeping tlu·ough Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and other residential
streets. Men and machines could not stop it: the enormous fire crossed over into
South Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods west of Lafayette Street, then
devoured the mansions of Lafayette Street itself, and raged onward into the
tenement district. Despite the combined efforts of heroic fire crews from many
towns and cities, the fire overwhelmed everything in its path: it smashed into the
large factory buildings of the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (Congress
Street), which exploded in an inferno; and it rolled down Lafayette Street and
across the water to Derby Street. There, just beyond Union Street, after a 13-hour
rampage, the monster died, having consumed 250 acres, 1600 houses, and 41
factories, and leaving tlu·ee dead and thousands homeless. Some people had
insurance, some did not; all received much suppmi and generous donations from
all over the country and the world. It was one of the greatest urban disasters in the
history of the United States, and the people of Salem would take years to recover
from it. Eventually, they did, and many of the former houses and businesses were
rebuilt; and several urban-renewal projects (including Hawthorne Boulevard,
which involved removing old houses and widening old streets) were put into effect.
Mrs. Ellen Harrington left town again, never to return. She was dead by March,
1918, when the homestead here was sold by her daughter Mrs. Mabel (Harrington)
Henderson, of Burlington, to John H. Sullivan of Salem, who immediately
conveyed the premises to his wife, Margaret P. Sullivan (ED 2387:470, 471). The
Sullivans would reside here for many years. Mr. Sullivan was president of his own
company (the J.H. Sullivan Co., formerly the P.J. Smith Co.), with a facility at 30
Foster Street for manufacturing cement counters for the shoe industry. He was
born in 1875 in Massachusetts of parents born in Ireland. He married, by 1907,
Margaret, who was a year older and of similar background. They had a son
William T., born c.1906, and a daughter Mary born c.1917 (per 1920 census, ED
265, SD5).
7
�By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in 1926
was a time of great celebration. From that time forward, Salem boomed right
through to the 1960s. Eventually, the arrival of suburban shopping malls and the
relocation of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have with many
other cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward into the present
with success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the witch trials, but also
from its history as a great seaport and as the home of Bowditch, Mcintire, Bentley,
Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a city where the homes of the oldtime mariners, mill-operatives, and leather-dealers are all honored as a large part of
what makes Salem different from any other place.
--Robert Booth for Historic Salem Inc., 20 Dec. 2002
8
�Glossary & Sources
A figure like (ED 123:45) refers to book 123, page 45, Essex South registry of Deeds,
Federal Street, Salem.
A figure like (#12345) refers to Essex Probate case 12345, on file at the Essex Probate
Court, Federal Street, Salem, or on microfilm at Mass. Archives, Boston, or at the Peabody
Essex Museum's Phillips Library, Salem.
MSSRW refers to the multi-volume compendium, Mass. Soldiers & Sailors in the
Revolutionary War, available at the Salem Public Library among other places.
MSSCRW refers to the multi-volume compendium, Mass. Soldiers, Sailors, & Afarines in
the Civil War, available at the Salem Public Library among other places.
EIHC refers to the Essex Institute Historical Collections (discontinued), a multi-volume set
(first volume published in 1859) of data and articles about Essex County. The indices of
the EIHC have been consulted regarding many of the people associated with this house.
The six-volume published Salem Vital records (marriages, births, and deaths through
1849) have been consulted, as have the Salem Directory and later Naumkeag Directory,
which have information about residents and their addresses, etc.
Sidney Perley's three-volume Hist01y ofSalem, 1626-1716 has been consulted, as has the
four-volume William Bentley's Diary, J. Duncan Phillips' books, some newspaper
obituaries, and other sources.
Salem real estate valuations, and, where applicable, Salem Street Books, have also been
consulted, as bave genealogies.
Tbere is mucb more material available about Salem and its history; and the reader is
encouraged to make bis or her own discoveries.
--Robert Bootb
9
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Flint Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
19 Flint Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Leonard Harrington, leather dealer, 1871
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1871, 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1871
19
2002
Flint
Harrington
History
House
Leonard
Massachusetts
Salem
Street
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/9ee4b23fb6ecba7ec1464407a75252b2.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=c2rV3BGvPyyAA77i0yFlz5oxHWx%7EH8uNYccL2l9RXo4dHM%7Eq5WYMahPWCKgFf1BCujlvOIFxIZFHM0hg5O6tVoeMKqUctE2lAgKQl-ebfny1nY8Oe7kZzV1tWhB9naYgszpNRSYYKRfyyDp1iTSrmT9nBPUWQlx205cXzl%7EwTPILR-nvGv8OKYDjcHXoL0fv62t%7Eq6nWL-j029SL6MKcbFztyDNVStfVtcZFn81bP9HFA7%7E8LiYfzKMaD7a2of4VE%7EwXiOsMdVSc8tZ-8rI0XVuNOf%7Eq-8jS1g--OiLThL-QlDPrJXeiSIIOwbM4fFm%7EvMlbpnBeAm6ySs2IDQgfdA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a9462a2900ce000d203f1490899024f2
PDF Text
Text
4-10 Central Street & 193-195 Essex Street, Salem
According to available evidence, this building was built in 1805 for the merchants
B. Herbert Hathorne and W. Shepard Gray, as a brick block that housed stores
and a residence.
Before 1805 ...
Sidney Perley, in the article "A Part of Salem in 1700" (pp.109-110, Essex
Antiquarian, vol. 11 ), writes that on the site of this building was the lot, with house,
that William Browne sold to Thomas Cromwell, tailor, in 1664. After Cromwell's
death (17 March 1686/7), in 1690 his widow, Ann, and two daughters, Mrs.
Jonathan (Jane) Pickering and Mrs. David (Ann) Phippen, sold the house and land to
Benjamin Browne, merchant (ED 8: 170), who had a stable and warehouse farther
down the street, and his shipping wharf at its foot. By 1693 he had sold the house
and its land to David Phippen, shipwright, son-in-law of the earlier owner Mr.
Cromwell. M~. Phippen died in 1703, leaving his widow Ann, son Thomas Phippen,
and daughters Abigail Fumeux, Anne Ropes, and Elizabeth Webb. In May, 1714,
John Brown, merchant, bought the house and land; and by the time of his death in
1719 the house was evidently gone.
This property was owned by Hon. Benjamin Browne at his death in 1750.
In the 1760s a Scotch sailor, Robert Rantoul, came to Salem and settled here. He
prospered as a shipmaster, and sailed against the British in the Revolution, and made
money as a privateer; and, toward the end of the Revolutionary War, Capt. Rantoul,
on 5 December 1782 for 850 Ii purchased from the heirs of Hon. Benjamin Browne
(John & Martha Browne and Timothy & Eunice Fitch) a lot and buildings at the
westerly corner of the "main street" (Essex) and "the lane leading to the water"
(Central), about 20 poles of land fronting 50' northerly on the street, and 120'
easterly on the lane. There was "a warehouse or small building standing on the
northeast comer thereof." Capt. Rantoul intended to build his residence thereon, and
on Dec. 20th contracted with Eleazer Lindsey to supply the rocks for a cellar 40'
square and 6.5' deep. Unfortunately, Capt. Rantoul was lost at sea on his next
voyage (see EIHC 5:147).
At that time, Central Street--"the lane leading to the water," also known as "the
street leading from the Sun tavern to the South River"-terminated in a public
�landing on the inner harbor (South River), at a point just south of its present
intersection with Charter and Front Streets. The "lane" became Market Street as of
1794, when, at the foot of the street, a new market building was erected for the sale
of fish, shellfish, meat, and produce from the countryside. Later it would be renamed Central Street, probably c.1816, when a new Market Building was built at
Derby Square.
The comer property remained in the ownership of the Rantoul family for many
years; and on the land stood at least one house and three shops, one of them being
the small warehouse mentioned in the 1782 deed to Capt. Rantoul. The Rantoul
family resided on Essex Street, opposite Union. Robert Rantoul (1778-1858), in a
memoir of his life and family, mentions his father's ownership of this property and
notes that it was sold in November, 1804, to W.S. Gray and B.H. Hathorne for
$8500, and that "Gray and Hathorne build a brick block of stores and houses upon
it" (EIHC 5:149). This statement is corroborated by Benjamin F. Browne, in his
Youthfitl Recollections of Salem, published in 1869 (EIHC 49:204), in which he
wrote that a house had been "removed (to Andrew Street) from Central Street to
make room for the Central building, erected by W.S. Gray and Benj. H. Hathorne, in
1805. This house belonged to "Joseph Young, hatter, and organist of St Peter's
Church, who died April 21, 1803, aged 46." In another piece, B.F. Browne wrote,
"Previous to the erection of the Central Building in 1805, there were several old
wooden buildings on this lot of land ... The western shop I principally remember as
being kept by a Mrs. Baldwin. Nathaniel Weston had a shoemaker's shop in one of
them. It (Mrs. Baldwin's) was much resorted to by the boys of that time for the
purchase of marbles and other knickknacks. The old lady came to an untimely end
(March, 1808) from eating bread in the meal of which some arsenic had been
incautiously used in the bread. Joseph Young had a hatter's shop and dwelling
house on Central Street. It was moved to Andrew Street ... " (EIHC 5: 197).
There are other records of the buildings that stood here before 1805. Samuel Webb,
silversmith, had a shop here on Central Street, pre-1805 (see B.F. Browne, 1869
Youthful Recollections of Salem, EIHC 49:204). And in his 1793 Account ofHouses
in Salem (EIHC 6:94), Benjamin Pickman mentions that, on land owned by the
widow "Rentall" (Rantoul), stood, on Essex Street, a shop owned by Mr. William
King. To the west of that shop had stood two small houses that had burned down in
1792. To the west of those houses, on Essex Street, stood the house of Dr. Edward
Augustus Holyoke (1728-1829). East of the King shop, also on land ofMrs.
Rantoul, stood a "hatter's shop, owned by Mr. Breck the hatter." Col. Pickman
identified the comer property as "formerly owned by the Brownes."
�In July, 1792, Edward Breck, Salem hatter, purchased for 15 Ii the east end of a
house that was "standing on the land ofRentall's heirs" (ED 154:265). The house
was the one that was owned by Joseph Young, hatter, who may have resided in its
westerly end, and who had mortgage the easterly end in 1787 and lost it on
foreclosure. Mr. Breck mortgaged his new homestead to Mrs. Mary Rantoul for 3 0
li, and paid off the loan by April, 1795 (ED 154:266).
Rev. William Bentley, in his diary, gives an account of the 1792 fire, on August 30th.
The fire broke out at 1 PM in Young's hatter's shop, which stood opposite the Sun
Tavern (on north side of Essex Street). Next to the shop were the small dwellings of
the widows Beckford and Manning. The season had been dry, and the firefighters
were disorganized: the fire spread westerly from the shop to the "small house" next
door, which could not be saved; and the firefighters quicldy demolished the house
next westerly, to keep the fire from spreading. Mrs. Manning in particular suffered
greatly from her losses in this fire. Mr. Bentley was one of the fire-fighters, and, in
order to get the water up to the fire, stood waist-deep in "the dock mud below the
Sun Tavern," meaning next to the wharf at the foot of Market Street.
From this, it would appear that, in the years before the present Hathorne-Gray block
was built, there was a hatter's shop at or near the comer of Essex and Market
(Central) in 1793, conducted by both Breck and Young, and that the Breck-Young
house on Market Street was removed to Andrew Street in 1805 to make way for the
building of this large new business block. Also on or near the comer was the shop
of the ill-fated Mrs. Baldwin. On Essex Street, west of the corner, also on the site of
this building, was the shop of William King; and to the south, on Market Street, was
Samuel Webb's silversmith shop, along with the shoemaker's shop ofNathaniel
Weston. Too, Samuel Rantoul, son of the deceased owner, kept an apothecary shop
here. Samuel died in June, 1802, while away from Salem. Bentley noted in his
diary, 13 June 1802, "The father of S. Rantoul sustained an excellent character and
died just before I came to Salem. His widow lived in the same house in which I first
dwelt. The father left a good interest and to his heirs belongs the western comer of
Market Street in Essex Street, at which Samuel kept an apothecary's shop. Robert
keeps an apothecary's shop in Beverly." Robert, after whom Rantoul Street in
Beverly is named, became a leading man of Essex County.
Before April, 1800, the store at the comer of the two streets was operated by john
Dabney, stationer, as a post office and a book store-one of the earliest attempts at a
private lending library, which was renowned for the excellence of its volumes. On 29
April 1800 for $400 Mr. Dabney sold his building, on the Rantouls' land, to Robe1i
Rantoul (ED 168 :69).
�1805 and Afterward ...
On 3 November 1804 the Rantoul heirs sold the premises here for $8,500 to William
Shepard Gray and Benjamin Herbe1i Hathorne, Salem merchants (ED 175: 108). The
property was described as a piece of land containing about 20 poles, bounded northerly
on Essex Street, easterly on market Street, and southerly and westerly on land of Dr.
Edward A. Holyoke; and it was stipulated that the Rantouls "and others who have
placed and have buildings standing on said piece of land," had "the right to move the
same buildings and each of them from the same place of land upon paying the ground
rent ... within four months from this day." Presumably the Rantouls and the others did
clear their buildings off the land by February, 1805; certainly the Young house was
moved to Andrew Street and perhaps the shops and other buildings also found new
sites.
The new owners, Messrs. Gray & Hathorne, on the day of the purchase, took out
mortgages from Miss Polly Rantoul of Salem for $2,833.33 and from her brother,
Robert Rantoul, Beverly apothecary, for $4,666.66 (ED 175:108,109). Thus the
merchants had but $1,000 in equity invested in the property at the time of purchase.
There is little doubt that Messrs. Gray & Hathorne had big plans for the site at the time
that they bought it. Perhaps they had gone to Samuel Mcintire, the noted Salem
architect, for a design for their intended brick business block, which also included at
least one residential unit. In his study of the works of Mcintire, Fiske Kimball was
unable to uncover proof ofMcintire's involvement in the project, but, due to the
carving of the eagle for one of the new tenants, the U.S. Custom House, and due to the
building's similarity to a known Mcintire composition (the Steams & Waldo block,
now gone, once at the n01iheast coiner of Essex & Washington), he felt that Samuel
Mcintire was likely the designer (see Kimball's Mr. Samuel Mcintire, Carver, The
Architect of Salem). Kimball also traces the whereabouts of some of the building's
interior fittings, which were dispersed to various houses over the years.
For Mr. Gray, the building was evidently an investment and an income-producer; for
Mr. Hathorne, it was also the new home of his import dry-goods business. Benjamin H.
Hathorne (1773-1824) dealt in British textiles-blankets and cloths-in the days when
there were virtually no textiles manufactured in America. On Oct. 2, 1805, he
submitted an adve1iisement to the Salem Register newspaper. The notice began, "Benj.
H. Hathorne Has Removed to the New Brick STORE, corner of Essex and Market
Street, near the Banks, and has ready for sale, a great variety of Fall and Winter
Goods," which are enumerated. The building was completed and occupied, then, by
�September of 1805. It was not at first called the Central Building, but was given that
name by 1808.
Another early tenant was the firm of Derby & Cross, tailors, whose store was here by
Nov. 28, 1805. Their advertisement (sample: Salem Register, 6 Jan. 1806) ran "Derby
& Cross, Tailors, respectfully inform their friends and the public, that they have
removed from their former stand to the chamber fronting Market and Essex Streets, of
the new brick building, where they will be happy to receive orders in their line, and
every favor gratefully acknowledged. Wanted: Two Journeymen at the above."
A major tenant of the new brick building was the U.S. Custom House, for which
Samuel Mcintire carved the eagle with the date 1805. At that time, Market Street was
the major thoroughfare to the waterside of the inner harbor (South River), which ran
past the market place; and the area was thick with the masts of vessels tied up alongside
wharves and warehouses. Froin the foot of Market Street, Front Street ran westerly
along the waterfront, while Fish Street and Water Streets ran past the buildings whose
yards backed against the wall of the Burying Point graveyard. These salty streets had
houses, wharves, stores, lofts, shops, and distilleries. Market Street made the transition
from the hurly-burly of the waterfront to the residences and stores of Essex Street. On
the lower part of Market Street, between the new Hathorne-Gray building and Front
Street, were houses; and across the street were fine houses (including some marching up
Charter Street), a tavern, and a bank building and insurance office. At the moment that
the new building was built, one of the houses across the street was the double residence
of Nathaniel Bowditch, the navigator and author (and new president of an insurance
company) and Col. William Raymond Lee, formerly of Marblehead, whom Jefferson
had in 1802 appointed Collector of the Port of Salem & Beverly, and at whose direction
the U.S. Custom House was moved to the new brick building of Hathorne & Gray.
Bowditch moved in the year 1805 to Summer Street, but Col. Lee remained a resident
of Market Street.
The colonial (royal) Custom House in Salem had been situated in a house on Gedney
Court, off High Street, and later on Essex Street in a building that was demolished to
prevent the spread of the great fire of October, 1774. In 1776 Warwick Palfrey was
appointed the first Collector of U.S. Customs in Salem; and his office was located at or
near the Curwen house (now called the "Witch House"), corner of Essex and North
Streets. lvir. Palfrey was succeeded in 1784 by Maj. Joseph Hiller. Major Hiller served
ably for 18 years, during the last 13 of which the Custom House offices were kept in a
building across the street from the site of this one. How many rooms here were devoted
to the federal Customs operations in 1805 is not known; certainly not the whole
building. In those days, Salem was one of the leading ports of the nation, and the value
�of Salem cargoes accounted for about one-twentieth of all federal revenues, which were
largely derived from tariffs on foreign imports. At that time, Salem's merchants owned
a total of 54 ships, 18 barks, and 72 brigs (there were 86 schooners as well, probably
engaged in fishing and coasting for wood).
In 1807, per D.M. Little's article, the Custom House offices were moved to the house of
Mr. Bentley's great friend Dr. Moses Little at 131 Essex Street, and in 1811 to the
Archer Building (site of Hawthorne Hotel); however, I believe this could not be
completely true, for in May, 1809, just after the Embargo was lifted, the Custom House
offices were evidently on the second or third floor of the Central (Hathorne-Gray)
Building (see 1809 Peter Lander advertisement below). In 1813, per the article, the
Custom House offices were moved back into the Central Building here; and evidently
Col. William R. Lee, the Collector, also had his residence here. The Central Building
here remained the home of the Custom House until the opening of the new building at
the head of Derby Wharf, the handsome brick U.S. Custom House, now part of the
federal maritime park. (For information about the Custom House and Collectors, see
R.S. Rantoul's article, The Port of Salem, EIHC 10:62; see also EIHC 67:11, David M.
Little's article, History of the Salem Custom House)).
Of the owners of the building, their careers were in full swing as of 1805.
Benjamin Herbert Hathorne (1773-1824) was born on 9 Sept 1773, the son of Col. John
Hathorne and his wife Susannah Herbert, the daughter of Capt. Benjamin Herbert, after
whom Herbert Street was named. His father was a prominent merchant in Salem, with
a large brick house built in 1774-1775 in Essex Street west of Washington Street, which
is where Benjamin grew up, the eldest of 14 children. In the house was Col. Hathome's
dry-goods store (EIHC 6:108). By early manhood, Benjamin H. was known as Herbert
Hathorne. His brothers John and William were merchants as well, and his eccentric
younger brother Ebenezer (1789-1858) would become a mariner and adventurer who
went west but finally settled down in Salem as a farmer and nurseryman. The Colonel,
a prominent local Jeffersonian politician, had his town house and a farmhouse on Salem
Neck, around where the power plant complex now is. In 1809 he moved permanently
to the farmhouse (where he would die in 1835), and sold the town house to his son
William, who rented it to Joshua Dodge in 1809. Like all Salem Hathornes of that time,
Benjamin's father was descended from Col. John Hathorne, one of the justices of the
witchcraft trials in 1692. The Hathorne family had been prominent in early Salem
history, but by 1800 they were of varying fortunes. Col. John's branch was foremost.
One of Benjamin Herbert Hathorne's first cousins was Capt. Nathaniel Hathorne (17751808), of Union Street, whose son, Nathaniel Jr., born in 1804, would grow up to
�become Hawthorne, the writer. Hawthorne changed the spelling of the name because
he did not like the way that "Hathorne" was pronounced, especially in Salem, where it
was invariably pronounced "Har-thorne."
On 31 July 1799, "Herbert Harthorne married Miss Hall", per the diary of Miss Susann
Holyoke (1779-1860) (see Holyoke Diaries, p.175). This is the only record of this
marriage. Miss Hall was Rebecca Hall, evidently from Boston. The couple would not
have children, but would adopt a daughter, Rebecca Hathorne Hall, born in 1813,
evidently a daughter of Mrs. Hall's brother James. As has been noted, B. Herbert
Hathorne went into business as a dry goods merchant, importing English textiles and
selling them here in his shop, which faced on Essex Street. In March, 1808, for $5,000
he mortgaged his half-interest in the land and the "large brick tenement thereon ...
known by the name of Central building" (ED 182:233).
Wm. Shepard Gray (1773-1824), the other owner of the building, was born in Salem on
30 July 1773, the son of a house-painter, William Gray, and his wife Susannah Shepard.
His father owned a house on the north side of Charter Street, not far from Central
Street. The son changed his name by an act of the legislature in 1798, from William to
William Shepard Gray, because there were five other William Grays in Salem at the
time, including William "Billy" Gray, the eminent merchant, to whom this Gray was
not related. Wm. Shepard Gray married Ann Knight Morland in Newburyport in 1798.
In August, 1800, he was described as "a scribe" when he purchased a piece of land and
a house on upper Federal Street. In 1805 it seems that he worked for the Essex Bank,
preparing loan documents and other instruments. He would later become a ship-owner
and merchant while maintaining his position with the Essex Bank.
In 1805 a bridge was built across the South River, extending Market Street across the
water and connecting it with a new roadway (now known as Lafayette Street) through
the South Fields. The new bridge, which was proposed by the Derby family as a
convenience and in order to help develop their South Salem holdings, was opposed by
the Crowninshields and by William Orne, Joshua Ward, and others who owned wharves
west of it on the South River. At the time of the building of the bridge, evidently, the
market house was moved away.
On 3 November 1807 William Bentley made his first visit to the Hathorne-Gray
building, which now housed the Essex Lodge of Masons. The Lodge, he noted, "has a
new hall in the new brick building, comer of Essex & Market Streets, on the west side
entering Market Street. It was handsomely decorated, the officers enthroned and the
floors spread with carpets and the officers supplied with badges and the apartment with
furniture far above the ancient style. I had never seen the place before. We had a full
�company, an initiation lecture, and a good supper, and parted apparently well pleased
with each other."
On 12 December 1808, Rev. William Bentley composed a letter to William Logan of
Charleston, in which he wrote, "Were you to visit Salem, you would discover great
changes in this town, since your last tarry with us. The encouragement given to brick
buildings has added much to the appearance of Salem. A large block of buildings forms
the comer of1'farket Street, and the market house is removed, and a bridge passes over
South River ... " (EIHC 82:381). This was the period of the Embargo, in which all
foreign commerce was prohibited by the federal government, in an effort to cut off
England from needed supplies, and force the English to stop preying on American
shipping. The Embargo, which was a policy failure and which was disastrous in
bringing all of Salem's commerce to a halt, and throwing all of the mariners out of
work, was removed early in 1809; and foreign commerce resumed.
In May, 1809, Peter Lander, a financial broker, moved into the building, which was
then known as the Central Building. On 10 May 1809 (in the Essex Register
newspaper), a notice ran as follows:
"Insurance, Stock & Exchange Office. Peter Lander informs his friends and the
public that he has taken an office in Central Building, under the Custom House,
and offers his services in the Insurance Stock & Exchange business, where
insurance may be made against all risks, a premium always named proportioned
to the nature of the risk, and the terms and conditions of insurance known upon
application. Likewise, (he) advances money on goods deposited for sale,
purchases and sells public stocks, bills of exchange, shares of any bank and
insurance companies, and negotiable notes, and transacts any other business in
the broker's line."
He also noted "8,000 or 10,000 weight heft green Martinique coffee in casks, for sale
by said Lander."
In the same issue William Hathorne, Jr., ran advertisements offering his father's former
brick house and two stores for sale, and hawking
"Cotton Yam, cheap as can be had at the Manufactory. American, water-spun,
cotton warp & filling, directly from the Smithfield Cotton Manufactory, for sale
at the sign of the subscriber, William Hathorne, Jr., also a small quantity of first
quality knitting yam."
From this, it is apparent that William dealt (sometimes, anyway) in the new Americanmade cotton yams manufactured in Rhode Island; and he had a store here. In 1810,
�another tenant was the Salem Athenaeum, whose library of books and reading rooms
were located here.
In June, 1810, Mr. W. Shepard Gray was owner of the 113-ton brig Mary, Capt.
William Scallon, engaged in foreign trade; and in October, 1810, .Nir. Gray and Robert
.Nforland (his brother-in-law perhaps) were owners of the same vessel, now commanded
by Capt. William Lander (EIHC 41 :144). In December, 1810, he and two others owned
the 133-ton schooner Eliza, registered for foreign trade under Capt. Nathaniel Archer
(EIHC 40:72). In February, 1811, Mr. Gray was one of five owners of the 128-ton
schooner Rising States, Capt. Samuel Lamson, engaged in foreign trade (EIHC 41 :329).
In March, 1812, he was sole owner of the Rising States, Capt. Peter Lander, registered
for overseas trade (EIHC 41 :329). And in September, 1812, he was owner of the brig
Mary, registered for trade under Capt. Benjamin Archer (EIHC 41: 144).
Messrs. Hathorne and Gray owned the building jointly until 16 January 1811, when
they made a division of the property, with Gray receiving the largest portion (ED
192:198). To Hathorne went $500 and the northern end of the lot, with the buildings on
and cellar under, fronting 33' on Market Street, the running 40' westerly through the
northerly partition wall, then running another 10' on a piece of land left in common,
then running northerly 29' by land of Edward A. Holyoke Esq., then running easterly
50' on Essex Street, together with a right of the eaves droppings at the south side of the
southwesterly comer of the buildings (probably for a supply of fresh water). The
partition wall separated the two parts of the building, but did not extend through the
roof; if it were to be so extended, the two parties agreed to bear equal expense. To Gray
went $10 and the southern part of the premises, on which stood the "dwelling house,
stores, and other buildings, and the cellars under the same," and the land fronting
easterly 87' on Market Street, southerly 50' and westerly 82' on land of Edward A.
Holyoke Esq., then running easterly 1O' on the land left in common, then running
northerly 9' to the northerly partition wall, then easterly through the wall to Market
Street. From this, it would seem that part of the southerly part of the building was used
as a residence. Mr. Gray evidently did not live there, but resided in a new house that he
had built on Federal Street. As the son of a house-painter, he had made an
extraordinary leap upward in socio-economic rank.
Salem had resumed its seafaring commerce for three years, but still the British
preyed on American shipping; and in June, 1812, war was declared against Britain.
Although Salem had opposed the war as being potentially ruinous and primarily
for the benefit of the southern and western war-hawk states, yet when it came,
Salem swiftly fitted out 40 privateers manned by Marblehead and Salem crews,
who also served on U.S. Navy vessels, including the Constitution. Many more
�could have been sent against the British, but some of the Federalist merchants held
their vessels back. In addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and artillery.
Salem and Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making prizes of
British supply vessels. While many of the town's men were wounded in
engagements, and some were killed, the possible riches of privateering kept the
men returning to sea as often as possible. The first prizes were captured by a 30ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame, and by a 14-ton luxury yacht fitted with
one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem privateers, the Crowninshields' 350-ton ship
America was the most successful. She would capture 30-plus prizes worth more
than $1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the British warships
that cruised these waters. In June, 1813, off Marblehead Neck, the British frigate
Shannon defeated the U.S. Navy frigate Chesapeake. Salem's Federalists, some
of whom continued to oppose ..the war bitterly, would not allow their churches to be
used for the funeral of the Chesapeake's slain commander, James Lawrence
("Don't give up the ship!").
In the fall of 1813, Cushing & Appleton evidently had a bookstore in the comer
store in Mr. Hathome's part of the building. On 12 October 1813 in the Salem
Gazette, Cushing & Appleton advertised the sale of Spanish cigars and of Oliver
vVelch's new book, American Arithmetic, "adapted to the currency of the U.S.,
to which is added a concise treatise on the mensuration of planes and solids ... "
At the same store was a subscription list for those who wished to sign up for Mr.
Vincent Masi's new "school for dancing." John Fermo, broker, probably with
offices in the Central Building at the time, placed this ad (Gazette, 12 Oct. 1813):
"For Sale. Shares in Mercantile Bank. Shares in Salem Bank. Shares in
Beverly Bank. Apply to John W. Fermo, Broker, who buys and sells bills of
all incorporated banks in the Union. U.S. Treasury Notes negotiated. Also,
approved endorsed Notes, at Bank discount. Wanted: shares in Salem
Turnpike, and a Mass. State Note for $1000 or $1200. Exchange on
Baltimore for sale as above."
In April, 1814, the people gathered along the shores of Salem Neck as three sails
appeared on the horizon and came sailing on for Salem Bay. These vessels proved
to be the mighty Constitution in the lead, pursued by the smaller British frigates
Tenedos and Endymion. The breeze was light, and the British vessels gained, but
Old Ironsides made it safely into Marblehead Harbor, to the cheers of thousands.
�In June, 1814, at the meeting of the Essex Guards militia company, W. Shepard
Gray was elected lieutenant, but he declined to serve (EIHC 57:257). On 4 July
1814 the Essex Guards paraded through Salem, and Mr. Gray served as one of
the four Marshals of the Day, with an oration delivered by Leverett Saltonstall
(EIHC 57:268).
On land, the war went poorly for the United States, as the British captured
Washington, DC, and burned the Capitol and the White House. At sea, as time
wore on, Salem's vessels often were captured, and its men imprisoned or killed.
After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town dry, and the menfolk were
disappearing. Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British prison-ships and at
Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in 1814, New England
Federalist delegates met to consider what they could do to bring the war to a. close
and to restore the region's commerce. Sen. Timothy Pickering of Salem led the
extreme Federalists in proposing an ultimatum threatening New England's
seceding from the United States; but the Pickering faction was countered by
Harrison G. Otis of Boston and the moderate Federalists, who prevailed in sending
a more reasonable message to Congress.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored. Post-war, the Salem merchants
rebuilt their fleets and resumed their worldwide trade, slowly at first, and then to
great effect. A new U.S. Custom House would be built in 1819, on the site of the
George Crowninshield mansion, at the head of Derby Wharf.
In the spring of 1815, Jonathan P. Saunders, auctioneer, town clerk (later if not then),
and map-maker, had his office at the Central Building. On 19 April 1815 in the Essex
Register he advertised for sale "at J.P. Saunders' Store, Central Building, Market Street,
the sale of the library of the late Rev. Thomas Barnard (appended to this report). In
1820 he would publish his "Plan of the Town of Salem," an excellent chart of the city,
its streets, and landmarks.
In the fall of 1815, one of the major tenants of the building was R. F. Cloutman,
who dealt in glass, crockery, and hard-ware (see appended advertisement, 25 Oct.
1815, Essex Register). His stock consisted of everything from fish-hooks to
spectacles to shovels to elegant tea-trays, decanters, tumblers, dinner-ware. He
was still running his ads in November, 1816: "at his old stand, Central Building,"
he offered "a full assortment of crockery, china, glass, and hardware," including
tea sets, Canton and London dining sets, sickles, cutlery, pins, viol strings, Dutch
brushes, coffee mills, English shovels, etc. (appended to this report).
�The pre-war partisan politics of the town were not resumed post-war, as the
middle-class "mechanics" (artisans) became more powerful. and brought about
civic harmony, largely through the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association
(founded 1817). Salem men continued to hold high places in the federal
government: Benjamin W. Crowninshield was formerly Secretary of the Navy,
among other things. It was he who arranged for Rev. William Bentley to have his
portrait painted by James Frothingham, who was then residing in Salem. In his
diary, Bentley noted that on 20 Nov. 1818 Mr. Crowninshield escorted him to "the
apartments of a painter named Frothingham, from Charlestown," where they saw
several fine portraits and some paper profiles. Bentley, evidently impressed,
agreed to sit for Frothingham. On Nov. 23 he recorded that he went "to Mr.
Frothingham' s at the Central buildings ... and had my first sitting" that evening.
The result was a famous portrait (now displayed in East India Marine Hall at the
Peabody Essex Museum) of Mr. Bentley, one of the most extraordinary men of his
time. Later, James Frothingham had his studio on Essex Street; and in 1825 or so
he moved to Boston, and then to New York City.
In 1818 there was still good money to be made in Salem's maritime trade, but it
required a higher level of skill and perspicacity than it had in 1805. As Bentley
wrote in his diary in 1811, "While we (in Salem) went before the wind, credit was
boundless and success followed every adventurer. Since the wind has changed,
few have skill enough to navigate the troubled seas." Evidently Mr. Hathorne had
the right stuff; but Mr. Gray's skills were of a different sort.
W. Shepard Gray, as cashier of the Essex Bank for many years, was in a position
of high trust in Salem: he was, in effect, the manager of the Bank, and had access
to all of its assets, some of which were in the form of coins and specie put on
deposit by merchants and shipmasters. One depositor was Maj. Israel Foster of
Marblehead, a prominent merchant and relative of Col. W.R. Lee, the Collector of
Customs in Salem (and possibly the inhabitant of the residential part of the central
Building). Maj. Foster had deposited a large barrel of specie with the Essex Bank.
In the summer of 1818, W. Shepard Gray took an extended vacation away from
Salem. Eventually, the Bank directors became suspicious. Early in September,
1818, they concluded that the Bank had been robbed. At the time, Bentley wrote
in his diary (Sept. 5), "every inquiry detects the most fraudulent practices. A
deposit of doubloons by Foster of Marblehead has been violated, false contracts
made, and fraud practiced not only in its most artful but most shameful forms. Yet
not one word has appeared as yet, but Gust) a notice that the Cashier, who has long
�been away, has been removed. Suspicions rise in every form, and Salem lays
under the worst imputations."
In fact, Shepard Gray, the Bank's Cashier, and James King, the Bank's Clerk, had
embezzled a great deal of money from the Bank. Gray, who had left Salem, and
King, who had resigned but stayed in town, had offered the Bank's directors
$20,000, when the losses evidently amounted to about $200,000 (see Bentley,
Sept. 11 ). It would appear that Gray, King, and their partner Capt. Joseph
Moseley, a Virginian who had settled in Salem (see B.F. Browne, 1869 Youthful
Recollections of Salem, EIHC 49:200), had invested in highly speculative ventures,
and had lost much of their money, which they replaced with money deposited at
the bank. In Foster's barrel of specie, they had placed ballast stones, leaving an
inch or two of coins at the top. All the rest of the Foster money, $40,000 allegedly,
was gone (the matter would later go to court, in a famous case about the liability of
banks).
In November, 1818, the Grand Jury found against Gray and King "for a conspiracy
to defraud the Bank and for violation of trust and the depredations made on the
deposits and bank interest" (per Bentley, Nov. 6). The Essex Bank directors had
handled most of the matters in secrecy, including a negotiation with Gray and
King, in which terms were given and accepted. The whole matter caused much
alarm and discontent in Salem, many of whose people had money deposited there.
Some were distraught, and one died of the shock (Bentley, ibid): "the widow of
Edward Pulling, Esq., was buried this day, an undoubted victim to her feelings
upon the loss of her property in the Essex Bank. Most of the stock-holders are
widows and orphans."
In June, 1819, Mr. Bentley reflected on the dissension among the shareholders of
the Essex Bank, which was, in fact, about to fold. "The subscribers are disposed to
make their richer members pay the loss. The President declined his office
repeatedly and undertook not to be obliged to issue any money in his signature.
But the offenders had kindred and associates in the board. To whomsoever it may
extend, it was one of the most deliberate, persevering, and complete frauds that
ever was in any country accomplished--and among a people distinguished by their
close attention, we might almost say avarice, in money matters. The business,
when it becomes a public investigation, threatens great divisions and warm
contentions."
Mr. W.S. Gray evidently never returned to Salem, but would die in Cambridge, on 27
May 1824, aged about 51 years.
�At the time ( 1819) that Mr. Gray disappeared and the Custom House offices were
moved to their new quarters, B.H. Hathorne resided in the brick Hathorne house on
Essex Street (evidently 243-5, south side, just west of Washington), probably with a
tenant, Dr. Nathaniel Peabody, and family (1820 census, p. 71). Earlier, Dr. Peabody
had lived in the house ofB.H.H. 's brother William, on Essex Street at the south comer
of Cambridge (see EIHC 21 :219). Dr. Peabody was then the father of 7 children, of
whom one, Sophia, an artist, would grow up and become the wife of Nathaniel
Hawthorne (BHH's first cousin, once removed), while another, Elizabeth P. Peabody, a
teacher, became one of the most important education theorists and reformers in
America. In the household of Mr. B.H. Hathorne in 1820 were himself, a boy, his wife,
two girls, and one young woman.
Augustus J. Archer, a dry goods merchant, wrote a series of articles for the Salem
Gazette in the early months of 1890, on the subject of Essex Street in 1820. In this
series, he related the history of "the brick building built by Benjamin H. Hathorne and
vVilliam Gray, extending into Central Street, and there occupied by the custom house
until 1819, when the U.S. Custom House was built. On the comer of Essex Street,
Cushing & Appleton, succeeded by James R. Buffum, as a book store, were located.
vVm. Hathorne had the western one; he was an Importer of broadcloths and dry goods.
The Salem Register was then established in its present quarters, Warwick Palfrey, Jr.,
the sole editor. From this, it would seem that in 1820 the comer store ofHathome's
paii of the building was occupied by Cushing & Appleton, the store next westerly was
occupied as a dry goods store by William Hathorne, and the upstairs rooms were used
as the office of the Salem Register newspaper (as they would be for decades).
In 1820 the part of the building that fronted on Central Street, and had belonged to Mr.
Gray, was sold to Samuel Tucker, a Salem merchant, for $5825.75, by John Morland,
Roxbury merchant ($800 in May), who was probably W.S. Gray's brother-in-law and
may have held a mortgage on the property, and by Joseph S. Cabot, Salem gentleman
($5025.75 in September), who had foreclosed a mortgage on W.S. Gray on 2 July 1819
(ED 222:266, 225:114). In Mr. Cabot's deed, it is specified that the property consisted
of "the dwelling house in which Samuel Tucker now resides and of the other apartments
in Central Building, so-called;" and in Mr. Morland's deed it mentions the "dwelling
house, stores, other buildings, and cellar under". So there is little doubt but that Mr.
Gray's part of the building contained a portion that had been reserved (perhaps since
1805) as a residence. Samuel Tucker, the new owner, resided here in 1820.
Of this same time (c.1820) Mr. A.J. Archer reminisced as follows. "On Central Street,
Dana & Fenno had an office for the sale of lottery tickets and a general brokerage
�business, having a Boston connection. E H. Payson had charge of this office and tells
me he was the person who built the first coal fire in Salem. Mr. Dana had seen them ir
Boston and employed John Chamberlain, mason, to set a grate in his office; Mr. Pays(
built the fire, and says people used to come in by the dozens to see it. One evening he
went to bed leaving the blower up, having forgot to remove it; of course it became red
hot, and so alarmed the passers-by that they rushed in hot haste to tell him his office
was on fire. The Insurance offices next adopted the grate, and it spread rapidly into
general use. The first furnace in the city was put in by Mr. Chamberlain at his brother'2:.
B. Porter Chamberlain, who owned and occupied the old assembly house on Federal
street. The chambers and offices on Central Street were occupied by the Salem Saving
Bank, incorporated 1818; when first organized, Willard Peele was president, and Danie
Bray treasurer. Capt. Peter Lander and his son, Peter Jr., had a private insurance office
for underwriters. Henry Pickering Esq. had a law office. The Salem Courier, Charles
A. Andrew, was started here Sept. 7, 1828; it was short lived. In 1830 the Salem Light
Infantry had two rooms in the second story for their armory."
In The Salem Gazette of 1 Feb. 1820, Cushing & Appleton advertised "Gold Leaf' and
"Almanacks for 1820," and the Salem Brewery announced that "strong and table beer,
porter, ale, yeast, porter bottles, corks, hops, malt, bottled cider, and a complete
assortment of cordials" were available at the Salem Brewery, and at the store, comer of
Essex and Cambridge Streets, also from 11 to half past 1 at the Central Building."
In 1824, B. Herbert Hathorne died (as did W.S. Gray). Mr. Hathorne owned his part of
the building outright, and owned a very large stock of dry goods, which were
enumerated in the inventory of his estate (appended to this report). By his 1823 last
will, he devised to his wife Rebecca cash, personal effects, and lifetime use of some real
estate which was to devolve to his nephew B.H. Hathorne (Jr.) after the deaths of his
wife and adopted daughter. His "land at the comer of Central Street and Essex Street
with the buildings thereon, called the Central building," he devised in trust to his
brother William Hathorne for the benefit of his sons; and upon his death it was to go the
same nephew, B.H. Hathorne (Jr.). He devised $1000 in trust for his adopted daughter,
and left generous cash bequests to other relatives. The property here would remain in
the ownership of Hathomes throughout the rest of the 19th century.
The 1820s was a decade of challenges for Salem. It struggled successfully to
maintain its overseas commerce and to open new markets for its shipping, in
Madagascar (1820), which supplied tallow and ivory, and Zanzibar (1825), whence
came gum copal, used to make varnish. This opened a huge and lucrative trade in
which Salem dominated, and its vessels thus gained access to all of the east
African ports. From 1827 to 1870, there were 189 arrivals in Salem from
�Zanzibar, carrying ivory, gum copal, and coffee. But in the 1820s Salem's national
influence slipped, and it was unable to develop a manufacturing base. Salem's
general maritime foreign commerce fell off sharply in the late 1820s. Imports,
which were the cargoes in Salem ships, were supplanted by American goods, now
being produced in great quantities. The interior of the country was being opened
for settlement, and many Salemites moved away to these new lands of opportunity.
To the north, the falls of the Merrimack River powered large new textile mills
(Lowell was founded in 1823 ), which created great wealth for their investors; and
in general it seemed that the tide of opportunity was ebbing away from Salem.
In an ingenious attempt to stem the flow of talent from the town and to harness its
potential water power for manufacturing, Salem's merchants and capitalists
focused on damming the North River. The project, which began with much
promise, was suspended (before construction began) in 1827, which demoralized
the town even more, and caused several leading citizens to move to Boston, the
hub of investment in the new economy. In November, 1826, Joseph H. Prince,
counselor at law, advertised in the Salem Gazette his "removal" from "from his
late office, in Central Building, to the office formerly occupied by Hon. John
Pickering, in Court Street." This event, seemingly so obscure, points to a sad
fact: John Pickering VI, the ultimate Salem citizen, had decided to take his family
and his talents to Boston, where they were settled by the spring of 1827.
In 1830 occurred a horrifying crime that brought disgrace to Salem. Old Capt.
Joseph White, a wealthy merchant, owned and resided in the house now called the
Gardner-Pingree house, on Essex Street. One night, intruders broke into his
mansion and stabbed him to death. All of Salem buzzed with the news of
murderous thugs; but the killer was a Crowninshield (a local crime-boss who killed
himself at the Salem Jail), hired by his friends, Capt. White's own relatives, Capt.
Joseph Knapp and his brother Frank (they were executed by hanging). The results
of the investigation and trial uncovered much that was lurid about Salem, and more
of the respectable families quit the notorious town.
Salem's remaining merchants had to move quickly to take their equity out of
wharves and warehouses and ships and put it into manufacturing and
transportation, as the advent of railroads and canals in the 183 Os diverted both
capital and trade away from the coast. Some merchants did not make the
transition, and were ruined. Old-line areas of work, like rope-making, sail-making,
and ship chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared. Well into the 1830s,
Salem slumped badly.
�Despite all, Salem was chartered as a city in 1836. City Hall was built 1837-8 and
the city seal was adopted with an already-anachronistic Latin motto of "to the
farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!" The Panic
of 183 7, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even more Salem
families to head west in search of fortune and a better future. Salem had not
prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages. The North River
served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste from the many
tanneries (23 by 1832) that had set up along its banks. Throughout the 1830s, the
leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy for their fellow citizens, many
of whom were mariners without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity, ambition, and
hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant built
in 1818 in North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and blue vitriol
was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business. Salem's whale-fishery,
active for many years in the early 1800s, led, in the 1830s, to the manufacturing of
high-quality candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils. The candles proved
very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and grew large after 1830,
when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River were retooled for making highquality white lead and sheet lead (the approach to Marblehead is still called Lead
Mills Hill, although the empty mill buildings burned down in 1960s).
These enterprises were a start toward taking Salem in a new direction. In 183 8
the Eastern Rail Road began operating between Boston and Salem, which gave
the people of Salem and environs a direct route to the region's largest market.
The new railroad tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond; the tunnel
under Washington Street was built in 1839; and the line was extended to
Newburyport in 1840.
The occupants of this building in the 183 Os were the Salem Light Infantry
(armory here in 1830), newspapers, banks, etc.
Rev. Benjamin Herbert Hathorne (Jr.), a Lynn bachelor clergyman (nephew of the first
BHH), the owner of the Hathorne part of the property (worth $6,000 in 1837), died in
1837, having willed all of his property to his father, William, two sisters, and three
brothers, with the survivor to inherit the full ownership.
�In 1836 (per the Essex Memorial, published in that year), the "Central Building" tenants
included two newspaper offices: that of the Essex Register and that of the Commercial
Advertiser. The Register in 1836 was published by Palfray and Chapman twice a week
and was Whig in politics; the Advertiser, founded in 1832 and edited by Palfray &
Cook, was published weekly and was Democrat in politics. In those days, the Whigs
and the Democrats maintained their own reading rooms: the former was in Holyoke
Place, off Essex Street, while the latter was located here at the "Central Building."
Also here in 183 6 (per the 183 7 Salem Directory) were the offices of the Bank of
General Interest, 4 Central Street, $400,000 in capital, William H. Russell, cashier;
directors John Russell (President), Putnam I. Farnham, Caleb Foote, John W. Fenno,
Jonathan Holman. (p.118). Also headquartered here was the Institution for Savings in
the City of Salem and Its Vicinity, 4 Central, Joseph Peabody, President; Daniel Bray,
Treasurer; Francis H. Silsbee, Secretary (p.119). The bankers who actually came to
work here each day were Daniel Bray (Institution for Savings), of 104 Essex Street, and
John Russell (Bank of General Interest), of 22 Lafayette St., and his son Wm. H.
Russell (ditto) of 2 Lafayette Street. No doubt there were clerks and tellers too.
In the 1830s, James R. Buffum "kept a book and stationery store for himself on the
western comer of Essex and Central Street ... (and) then kept a tavern at Ome's Point,
North Salem. He married Susan Mansfield ... and died 14 Feb. 1863, aged 68 years."
(see EIHC 6:212, Benja. F. Browne, Memorials of the Washington Rangers).
In the 1840s, Mr. Buffum moved out of the comer store, and Stephen Osborne took it
over. He ran a retail business in hats, caps, and furs; and Henry Osborne worked there
as a hatter (hat-maker). Stephen resided in 1841-1845 at 17 Oliver Street, while Henry
resided on "Mechanic Street" (near the Laboratory in North Salem) in 1841 and in 1845
on Federal (Marlborough) Street, near Washington. In the Salem Directory for 1850
was an advertisement for "Osborne's Fashionable Hat, Cap & Fur Establishment, 183
Essex Street, comer of Central Street" (p. 221 ). This store would be operated
throughout the 1860s (see ad, p. 88, 1864 Salem Directory).
The Essex Register newspaper, which was founded by the Crowninshield-HathomeWhite families to represent the Jeffersonian point of view c.1800, and which had been
edited at one point by Rev. William Bentley (a major contributor for years), would be
published from this location throughout the rest of its history. In 1842, the co-editor,
Charles vV. Palfray, resided at 47 Federal Street, while co-editor John Chapman resided
at 33 Federal and served on the Board of Advisers of the Salem Children's Friend
Society. In addition, Edward Palfray, of 2 Hamilton Street, was a printer at 4 Central
Street in 1842. (info from 1842 Salem Directory).
�Samuel Dudley Tucker (1782-1857), the owner of the Central Street part of the Central
Building as of 1820, was a merchant. He was born in Salem on 25 January 1782, one c
the sons of John and Lydia Tucker. Among his older brothers were Andrew Tucker
(born 1773) and Gideon Tucker (b. 1778, married 1804 Martha Goodhue). l\llr. Andre\
Tucker ( 1773-1820), who married l\lfartha Mansfield, had several children, including
Jonathan, Samuel (2d) and Gideon (2d); he was subject to melancholy, and took his
own life in February, 1820, aged 47 years.
In 1830, Samuel D. Tucker added to his holdings hereabouts by purchasing for $1950
from the heirs of Dr. Holyoke some shops on Central Street, with land, just south of the
dwelling house part of the Central Building (ED 258:215). At the same time, the
Holyoke heirs sold him, for $4500, the land to the west of the Hathorne parcel, with a
printing office thereon (ED 258:215). By 1836 Mr. Tucker had moved to 293 Essex
Street, and later he resided at the Essex House hotel. He died in the 1857 (#55777),
having devised the premises by will to Gideon Tucker, who was the president of the
Exchange Bank. Gideon Tucker died in or before 1862, leaving many heirs. In July,
1862, some of the Tucker heirs, having purchased the interests of other of the heirs, sold
the premises for $4572.46 to one of their own, Edward Tucker, of Saco, Maine (ED
642:145, also 639:22,24, 638:126, etc.). In September, 1862, Edward Tucker sold half
of the property to Jonathan Tucker and half of it to Jonathan's son, James T. Tucker. In
September, 1865, Jonathan Tucker for $3,000 sold his half-interest to his son, James T.
Tucker, who granted his father a life estate in the property (ED 688:281,287).
Through the 1860s and 1870s, Salem continued to pursue a manufacturing course.
The managers and capitalists tended to build their new, grand houses along
Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of Roslyn Street). For the
workers, they built more and more tenements near the mills of Stage Point. A
second, larger, factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company would
be added in 1859, and a third in 1865; and by 1879 the mills would employ 1200
people and produce annually 14, 700,000 yards of cloth. Shoe-manufacturing also
continued to expand, and by 1880 Salem would have 40 shoe factories employing
600-plus operatives. More factories and more people required more space for
buildings, more roads, and more storage areas.
Maj. Jam es T. Tucker predeceased his father, whose life estate would come to an
end with his death in 1877. Jonathan Tucker ( 1799-1877) had been a merchant for
most of his career. He left business in 1849, became a City Assessor for awhile, and
by 1860 he was working as a Measurer at the Custom House. In 1872 he was still at
the Custom House, residing at 29 Andrew Street. He purchased 82 Washington
�Square East in 1874, and moved in. To the Salem Gazette in 1875-6 he contributed
an interesting series called "Our Old Houses," in which he jotted down his memories
of who had inhabited the buildings of Essex Street 1807-1810. By 1876 he was
again working as an assessor at City Hall. On the last day of July, 1877, Mr. Tucker
took his own life.
The obituary of Mr. Tucker ran in the Gazette on 3 August 1877. "The death of
Jonathan Tucker, which took place very suddenly on Tuesday morning last, takes
from amongst us one of our most respected citizens ... His character was as sturdy as
his frame. Upright, conscientious, clear-headed, and intelligent, his services on the
board of our City Assessors were never surpassed in value by any who have been
called to the office. His independence and plainness of speech undoubtedly made
him enemies; but, as an honest man, a good citizen, exemplary in purity of morals
and in every relation of life, he will be held in respectful remembrance by all who
knew him. Mr. Tucker retired-from active mercantile business in 1849, when he was
elected one of the Assessors of the City. This office he continued to hold until
March 28, 1853. He was again elected Assessor in 1869, and held the office until
January 11, 1875, when he retired to private life. During most of his term of service,
he was chairman of the board; and there never was a man who paid more strict,
scrupulous, and faithful attention to the duties of his office. A native of Salem, and
blessed with powers of keen observation and a retentive memory, his knowledge of
our local history of the present century-of persons, events, metes and bounds-was
unequalled, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to impart from his
inexhaustible stores. He leaves a widow (a sister of Prof. Alpheus Packard of
Bowdoin College), three sons-Joseph F. and Horace, both holding responsible
positions in the Illinois Central Railroad Company, and Rev. William P., who has
recently accepted a call to a rectorship in Pawtucket, R.I.; and two daughters, Mrs. J.
M. Hagar of Salem, and Mrs. Hanson of Chicago. Two sons, Alpheus Packard and
Col. James T., died before their father."
Joseph F. Tucker, the railroad man, became the new owner of the property. As early as
1881, and perhaps before, much of his part of the Central Building was occupied by
John J. Perkins' notable furniture and upholstering store (some photographs show the
building at that time, with the Perkins signs out front). Mr. Perkins, a resident of Bridge
Street, ran the business for many years. The dwelling part of the building, numbered 10
central, was evidently occupied Mrs. Sarah B. Safford, who had a store at 16-18 central.
She died before 1900, in which year the premises at 4-6 Central Street were occupied
by the Salem Press Company, which had its presses and other machinery there, and by
A.N. Webb & Co., printers. At 8-10 were E.F. McClellan, hairdresser, and the offices
�of Cawley & Trow, plumbers. Alphonse Bouin and family resided in the end unit. (info
from Salem Directory, 1899/1900)
Regarding the Hathorne part of the building, by then known as The Hathorne Building:
in 1878 Henry G. Hathorne, of Lynn, sold his interest in the Central Building to
\iVilliam W. Hathorne, of Lynn, his brother (ED 1000:189). On 2 January 1886 William
W. Hathorne leased the first floor and cellar of his part of the building to Herebert D.
Rice of Boston, who opened The Shawmut Hat Store here. The lease was to run for ten
years at $1500 rent per annum. At the same time, Mr. Rice was to pay the cost of a
major remodeling of this part of the building, and agreed not to sell any liquor here.
The remodeling involved removing the stone front, removing brick piers and windows,
and putting in a new front on Essex Street and part of the building on Central Street.
Large new plate glass windows were to be installed, along with iron girders to support
the upper stories.
Mr. Wm. W. Hathorne died in 1893, whereupon the property was conveyed to his
brothers Henry G. and Charles F. Hathorne (ED1401:109). They continued to lease out
the property as commercial space to Herbert D. Rice, who was the proprietor of the
Shawmut Hat Store at 191-193 Essex Street (see adv. p.1194 Salem Directory 1897-8;
ED 1991:66, etc.).
In 1900, the occupants of "the Hathorne Building" were The Shawmut Hat Store (hats,
furs, etc.) at 191-193 Essex Street, and, at 195 Essex Street, J.M. O'Connell and Mrs.
Kate F. Dean, hairdressers, dentist John W. Patch, A.C. Mackintire, photographer, and
B.L. Pervier, jobber.
Salem kept building infrastructure; and new businesses arose, and established
businesses expanded. Retail stores prospered, and machinists, carpenters,
millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. In the 1870s, French-Canadian
families began coming to work in Salem's mills and factories, and more houses
and tenements filled were built in what had been open areas of the city. The
Canadians were followed in the early 20th century by large numbers of Polish and
Ukrainian families, who settled primarily in the Derby Street neighborhood. By
the eve of World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported large
department stores and large factories of every description. Its politics were lively,
and its economy was strong.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street opposite
Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden tanneries. This fire
soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the west wind was high
�and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire, and the next, and out
of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of flame and smoke,
wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street, and upper Broad Street, and
then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and other residential streets.
Men and machines could not stop it: the enormous fire crossed over into South
Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods west of Lafayette Street, then devoured
the mansions of Lafayette Street itself, and raged onward into the tenement district.
Despite the combined efforts of heroic fire crews from many towns and cities, the
fire overwhelmed everything in its path: it smashed into the large factory buildings
of the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (Congress Street), which exploded in an
inferno; and it rolled down Lafayette Street and across the water to Derby Street.
There, just beyond Union Street, after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died, having
consumed 25 0 acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories, and leaving three dead and
thousands homeless. Some people· had insurance, some did not; all received much
support and generous donations from all over the country and the world. It was
one of the greatest urban disasters in the history of the United States, and the
people of Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually, they did, and
many of the former houses and businesses were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal
projects (including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved removing old houses
and widening old streets) were put into effect.
Mr. Herbert D. Rice, owner of The Shawmut Hat Store here, and lessee since
1886, purchased the Hathorne Building from the Hathornes on 1 Nov. 1920 (ED
2469:90). The premises had been in Hathorne ownership for more than 115
years.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in 1926
was a time of great celebration. From that time forward, Salem boomed right
through to the 1960s, but the arrival of suburban shopping malls and the relocation
of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have with many other cities.
More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward into the present with
success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the witch trials, but also from
its history as a great seaport and as the home of Bowditch, Mcintire, Bentley,
Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a city where the homes of the oldtime merchants, mariners, and mill-operatives-and the commercial buildings that
Salem's prosperity produced and sustained--are all honored as a large part of what
makes Salem different from any other place.
--10 Feb. 2002, Robert Booth for Historic Salem Inc.
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BOOKSHOP OF ClTSHI:'.'\G AJ":D APPLETON..
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CFSHIXG AXD APPLETOX-BIBLE AXD REA.RT BOOK SHOP.
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177
Soon after Dabney established his book shop, Thomas C.
Cushing and \'Villiam Carlton, the latter a young man just
reaching his majority, were associated in the 'Bible and Heart'
book shop. Carlton's advertisement in 1791 reYeals the location of his business as 'opposite Rev. :Mr. Prince's meeting
house,' where he had for sale all the principal books and pamphlets, as v.-ell as mariner's compasses, log books, scales and
dividers, backgammon and Hadley's quadrants, and 'Harry
VIII and HighlancJs Playing Cards.' 67 In 1793 he added a
circulating library. J\1r. Streeter says: 'The Bible and Heart
book-store was in the lo·wer story of the building oecupied by ·
the printing office, the same ·which is now (1856) kept by
D. B. Brooks and Brother. There were formerly wooden figures of a Bible ancl a heart suspended over the door, which
during .the last war were torn down in the night by some
mischievous persons and thrown into the harbor. It was upon
the occasion of a list of privateers in our harbor being published in the Gazette by the foreman of the office.' In 1794
Carlton's 'new book store' was 'a few doors west of the Sun
Tavern, Essex st.Teet.' 08 In 1797 Carlton's connection with
Cushing ceased, and in 1801 John S. Appleton associated
himself with this book shop, the firm of Cushing and Appleton
being a well-known and successful Salem concern, at the 'Sign
of the Bible,' until the death of both in 1824.
In 1803 their shop was at the corner of Court and Essex
streets, 'lately occupied as an insurance office.'c 9 In 1808 they
removed to the store under the Gazette office, lately occupied
by John Russell, one door west of the Central Building, 70
having purchased Russell's stock of several thousand volumes,
which were sold at auction by Jacob Peabody. A side-light
oil the importance to trade of court business and attendance
at the sittings is manifest in an advertisement which appeared
at this time, after the sale had opened, to the effect that 'the
Salem
Salem
6 9 Salem
10 Salem
67
<1s
Gazette,
Gazette,
Gazette,
Gazette,
November 8, 1791, .January 3 and 12, 1793.
September, 1794.
December 3-0, 1803.
April 5, 1808.
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F~1AL INDECISION•.
A. JI
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A.n Editor's . Wife Instantl;r
Brown, every fashionable Cf)lor and.
Killed at Nel'l'tonville.
at the Shawmut. Hamiiock and So'ft
ed French Bats, rare colors; kinda $he Attempted· to Cross
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SHAWMUT "H AT STORE, H .. D.. RICE, -Prop.
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.The lowest price for good goods.is whai we aimlat in every Una of Bats
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Mrs. Lury H. Estey, wife ofWillia.m H.
. Estey of the Boston Herald sta..IT; we.e
sfrn<'k by the 7 o'cloo::k inwa.rd pa.ese~r
t ra•n:on:thejBost-on'& Alba.nyrailroaa:a tbe
Walnut street crossing, Newtonville, ast
evrDing, and instantly .k:illed. The unfortunate lady, in .comps.Dy with her youngest
son, atttmpted to cro.ss the. track after
tl'e gates had been lowered. She crol!Sed
the Na. 1 track. just ahead of a.
fteight traiJ!, and passed oyer the No. 2
and No. 3 tracks, when she e"w th".'e Inward
·passenger train approaching. Hesitating
for a moment, she turnP.d as though to go
,. back, taking a.few steps, but again turned
nnd stepped in front of:the engine or the
r.assenger train, which was then running
into the station and moving slowly, and
was struck and thrown upon the platform.
The boy stood between the tracks and thus
escaped injury. Therliotheraudson were on
their way to the depot to take the train
to Newton, to attend a Bible convention
which is being held there. Yr. Estey was
just about to start forWaltham to attend
a camp fire, t.o. whicp the members of h~
poet had been invited. B:e was notified of
'the accident, and the body was· removed
to his home o'.n Brooks avenue, where it
wes -v:iewed by lfedieoal ]!lxaminer Meade.
Tbe derea8€d was 41 years of age; and,
beside her husband, five SOD,B survive her,
th_e youngest Of whulll is 12 years of age!!
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Essex Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
193-195 Essex Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1805 for the Merchants B. Herbert Hathorne and W. Shepard Gray
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1805, 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1805
193
195
2002
B.
Essex
Gray
Hathorne
Herbert
History
House
Massachusetts
Salem
Shepard
Street
W.
-
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PDF Text
Text
4-10 Central Street & 193-195 Essex Street, Salem
According to available evidence, this building was built in 1805 for the merchants
B. Herbert Hathorne and W. Shepard Gray, as a brick block that housed stores
and a residence.
Before 1805 ...
Sidney Perley, in the article "A Part of Salem in 1700" (pp.109-110, Essex
Antiquarian, vol. 11 ), writes that on the site of this building was the lot, with house,
that William Browne sold to Thomas Cromwell, tailor, in 1664. After Cromwell's
death (17 March 1686/7), in 1690 his widow, Ann, and two daughters, Mrs.
Jonathan (Jane) Pickering and Mrs. David (Ann) Phippen, sold the house and land to
Benjamin Browne, merchant (ED 8: 170), who had a stable and warehouse farther
down the street, and his shipping wharf at its foot. By 1693 he had sold the house
and its land to David Phippen, shipwright, son-in-law of the earlier owner Mr.
Cromwell. M~. Phippen died in 1703, leaving his widow Ann, son Thomas Phippen,
and daughters Abigail Fumeux, Anne Ropes, and Elizabeth Webb. In May, 1714,
John Brown, merchant, bought the house and land; and by the time of his death in
1719 the house was evidently gone.
This property was owned by Hon. Benjamin Browne at his death in 1750.
In the 1760s a Scotch sailor, Robert Rantoul, came to Salem and settled here. He
prospered as a shipmaster, and sailed against the British in the Revolution, and made
money as a privateer; and, toward the end of the Revolutionary War, Capt. Rantoul,
on 5 December 1782 for 850 Ii purchased from the heirs of Hon. Benjamin Browne
(John & Martha Browne and Timothy & Eunice Fitch) a lot and buildings at the
westerly corner of the "main street" (Essex) and "the lane leading to the water"
(Central), about 20 poles of land fronting 50' northerly on the street, and 120'
easterly on the lane. There was "a warehouse or small building standing on the
northeast comer thereof." Capt. Rantoul intended to build his residence thereon, and
on Dec. 20th contracted with Eleazer Lindsey to supply the rocks for a cellar 40'
square and 6.5' deep. Unfortunately, Capt. Rantoul was lost at sea on his next
voyage (see EIHC 5:147).
At that time, Central Street--"the lane leading to the water," also known as "the
street leading from the Sun tavern to the South River"-terminated in a public
�landing on the inner harbor (South River), at a point just south of its present
intersection with Charter and Front Streets. The "lane" became Market Street as of
1794, when, at the foot of the street, a new market building was erected for the sale
of fish, shellfish, meat, and produce from the countryside. Later it would be renamed Central Street, probably c.1816, when a new Market Building was built at
Derby Square.
The comer property remained in the ownership of the Rantoul family for many
years; and on the land stood at least one house and three shops, one of them being
the small warehouse mentioned in the 1782 deed to Capt. Rantoul. The Rantoul
family resided on Essex Street, opposite Union. Robert Rantoul (1778-1858), in a
memoir of his life and family, mentions his father's ownership of this property and
notes that it was sold in November, 1804, to W.S. Gray and B.H. Hathorne for
$8500, and that "Gray and Hathorne build a brick block of stores and houses upon
it" (EIHC 5:149). This statement is corroborated by Benjamin F. Browne, in his
Youthfitl Recollections of Salem, published in 1869 (EIHC 49:204), in which he
wrote that a house had been "removed (to Andrew Street) from Central Street to
make room for the Central building, erected by W.S. Gray and Benj. H. Hathorne, in
1805. This house belonged to "Joseph Young, hatter, and organist of St Peter's
Church, who died April 21, 1803, aged 46." In another piece, B.F. Browne wrote,
"Previous to the erection of the Central Building in 1805, there were several old
wooden buildings on this lot of land ... The western shop I principally remember as
being kept by a Mrs. Baldwin. Nathaniel Weston had a shoemaker's shop in one of
them. It (Mrs. Baldwin's) was much resorted to by the boys of that time for the
purchase of marbles and other knickknacks. The old lady came to an untimely end
(March, 1808) from eating bread in the meal of which some arsenic had been
incautiously used in the bread. Joseph Young had a hatter's shop and dwelling
house on Central Street. It was moved to Andrew Street ... " (EIHC 5: 197).
There are other records of the buildings that stood here before 1805. Samuel Webb,
silversmith, had a shop here on Central Street, pre-1805 (see B.F. Browne, 1869
Youthful Recollections of Salem, EIHC 49:204). And in his 1793 Account ofHouses
in Salem (EIHC 6:94), Benjamin Pickman mentions that, on land owned by the
widow "Rentall" (Rantoul), stood, on Essex Street, a shop owned by Mr. William
King. To the west of that shop had stood two small houses that had burned down in
1792. To the west of those houses, on Essex Street, stood the house of Dr. Edward
Augustus Holyoke (1728-1829). East of the King shop, also on land ofMrs.
Rantoul, stood a "hatter's shop, owned by Mr. Breck the hatter." Col. Pickman
identified the comer property as "formerly owned by the Brownes."
�In July, 1792, Edward Breck, Salem hatter, purchased for 15 Ii the east end of a
house that was "standing on the land ofRentall's heirs" (ED 154:265). The house
was the one that was owned by Joseph Young, hatter, who may have resided in its
westerly end, and who had mortgage the easterly end in 1787 and lost it on
foreclosure. Mr. Breck mortgaged his new homestead to Mrs. Mary Rantoul for 3 0
li, and paid off the loan by April, 1795 (ED 154:266).
Rev. William Bentley, in his diary, gives an account of the 1792 fire, on August 30th.
The fire broke out at 1 PM in Young's hatter's shop, which stood opposite the Sun
Tavern (on north side of Essex Street). Next to the shop were the small dwellings of
the widows Beckford and Manning. The season had been dry, and the firefighters
were disorganized: the fire spread westerly from the shop to the "small house" next
door, which could not be saved; and the firefighters quicldy demolished the house
next westerly, to keep the fire from spreading. Mrs. Manning in particular suffered
greatly from her losses in this fire. Mr. Bentley was one of the fire-fighters, and, in
order to get the water up to the fire, stood waist-deep in "the dock mud below the
Sun Tavern," meaning next to the wharf at the foot of Market Street.
From this, it would appear that, in the years before the present Hathorne-Gray block
was built, there was a hatter's shop at or near the comer of Essex and Market
(Central) in 1793, conducted by both Breck and Young, and that the Breck-Young
house on Market Street was removed to Andrew Street in 1805 to make way for the
building of this large new business block. Also on or near the comer was the shop
of the ill-fated Mrs. Baldwin. On Essex Street, west of the corner, also on the site of
this building, was the shop of William King; and to the south, on Market Street, was
Samuel Webb's silversmith shop, along with the shoemaker's shop ofNathaniel
Weston. Too, Samuel Rantoul, son of the deceased owner, kept an apothecary shop
here. Samuel died in June, 1802, while away from Salem. Bentley noted in his
diary, 13 June 1802, "The father of S. Rantoul sustained an excellent character and
died just before I came to Salem. His widow lived in the same house in which I first
dwelt. The father left a good interest and to his heirs belongs the western comer of
Market Street in Essex Street, at which Samuel kept an apothecary's shop. Robert
keeps an apothecary's shop in Beverly." Robert, after whom Rantoul Street in
Beverly is named, became a leading man of Essex County.
Before April, 1800, the store at the comer of the two streets was operated by john
Dabney, stationer, as a post office and a book store-one of the earliest attempts at a
private lending library, which was renowned for the excellence of its volumes. On 29
April 1800 for $400 Mr. Dabney sold his building, on the Rantouls' land, to Robe1i
Rantoul (ED 168 :69).
�1805 and Afterward ...
On 3 November 1804 the Rantoul heirs sold the premises here for $8,500 to William
Shepard Gray and Benjamin Herbe1i Hathorne, Salem merchants (ED 175: 108). The
property was described as a piece of land containing about 20 poles, bounded northerly
on Essex Street, easterly on market Street, and southerly and westerly on land of Dr.
Edward A. Holyoke; and it was stipulated that the Rantouls "and others who have
placed and have buildings standing on said piece of land," had "the right to move the
same buildings and each of them from the same place of land upon paying the ground
rent ... within four months from this day." Presumably the Rantouls and the others did
clear their buildings off the land by February, 1805; certainly the Young house was
moved to Andrew Street and perhaps the shops and other buildings also found new
sites.
The new owners, Messrs. Gray & Hathorne, on the day of the purchase, took out
mortgages from Miss Polly Rantoul of Salem for $2,833.33 and from her brother,
Robert Rantoul, Beverly apothecary, for $4,666.66 (ED 175:108,109). Thus the
merchants had but $1,000 in equity invested in the property at the time of purchase.
There is little doubt that Messrs. Gray & Hathorne had big plans for the site at the time
that they bought it. Perhaps they had gone to Samuel Mcintire, the noted Salem
architect, for a design for their intended brick business block, which also included at
least one residential unit. In his study of the works of Mcintire, Fiske Kimball was
unable to uncover proof ofMcintire's involvement in the project, but, due to the
carving of the eagle for one of the new tenants, the U.S. Custom House, and due to the
building's similarity to a known Mcintire composition (the Steams & Waldo block,
now gone, once at the n01iheast coiner of Essex & Washington), he felt that Samuel
Mcintire was likely the designer (see Kimball's Mr. Samuel Mcintire, Carver, The
Architect of Salem). Kimball also traces the whereabouts of some of the building's
interior fittings, which were dispersed to various houses over the years.
For Mr. Gray, the building was evidently an investment and an income-producer; for
Mr. Hathorne, it was also the new home of his import dry-goods business. Benjamin H.
Hathorne (1773-1824) dealt in British textiles-blankets and cloths-in the days when
there were virtually no textiles manufactured in America. On Oct. 2, 1805, he
submitted an adve1iisement to the Salem Register newspaper. The notice began, "Benj.
H. Hathorne Has Removed to the New Brick STORE, corner of Essex and Market
Street, near the Banks, and has ready for sale, a great variety of Fall and Winter
Goods," which are enumerated. The building was completed and occupied, then, by
�September of 1805. It was not at first called the Central Building, but was given that
name by 1808.
Another early tenant was the firm of Derby & Cross, tailors, whose store was here by
Nov. 28, 1805. Their advertisement (sample: Salem Register, 6 Jan. 1806) ran "Derby
& Cross, Tailors, respectfully inform their friends and the public, that they have
removed from their former stand to the chamber fronting Market and Essex Streets, of
the new brick building, where they will be happy to receive orders in their line, and
every favor gratefully acknowledged. Wanted: Two Journeymen at the above."
A major tenant of the new brick building was the U.S. Custom House, for which
Samuel Mcintire carved the eagle with the date 1805. At that time, Market Street was
the major thoroughfare to the waterside of the inner harbor (South River), which ran
past the market place; and the area was thick with the masts of vessels tied up alongside
wharves and warehouses. Froin the foot of Market Street, Front Street ran westerly
along the waterfront, while Fish Street and Water Streets ran past the buildings whose
yards backed against the wall of the Burying Point graveyard. These salty streets had
houses, wharves, stores, lofts, shops, and distilleries. Market Street made the transition
from the hurly-burly of the waterfront to the residences and stores of Essex Street. On
the lower part of Market Street, between the new Hathorne-Gray building and Front
Street, were houses; and across the street were fine houses (including some marching up
Charter Street), a tavern, and a bank building and insurance office. At the moment that
the new building was built, one of the houses across the street was the double residence
of Nathaniel Bowditch, the navigator and author (and new president of an insurance
company) and Col. William Raymond Lee, formerly of Marblehead, whom Jefferson
had in 1802 appointed Collector of the Port of Salem & Beverly, and at whose direction
the U.S. Custom House was moved to the new brick building of Hathorne & Gray.
Bowditch moved in the year 1805 to Summer Street, but Col. Lee remained a resident
of Market Street.
The colonial (royal) Custom House in Salem had been situated in a house on Gedney
Court, off High Street, and later on Essex Street in a building that was demolished to
prevent the spread of the great fire of October, 1774. In 1776 Warwick Palfrey was
appointed the first Collector of U.S. Customs in Salem; and his office was located at or
near the Curwen house (now called the "Witch House"), corner of Essex and North
Streets. lvir. Palfrey was succeeded in 1784 by Maj. Joseph Hiller. Major Hiller served
ably for 18 years, during the last 13 of which the Custom House offices were kept in a
building across the street from the site of this one. How many rooms here were devoted
to the federal Customs operations in 1805 is not known; certainly not the whole
building. In those days, Salem was one of the leading ports of the nation, and the value
�of Salem cargoes accounted for about one-twentieth of all federal revenues, which were
largely derived from tariffs on foreign imports. At that time, Salem's merchants owned
a total of 54 ships, 18 barks, and 72 brigs (there were 86 schooners as well, probably
engaged in fishing and coasting for wood).
In 1807, per D.M. Little's article, the Custom House offices were moved to the house of
Mr. Bentley's great friend Dr. Moses Little at 131 Essex Street, and in 1811 to the
Archer Building (site of Hawthorne Hotel); however, I believe this could not be
completely true, for in May, 1809, just after the Embargo was lifted, the Custom House
offices were evidently on the second or third floor of the Central (Hathorne-Gray)
Building (see 1809 Peter Lander advertisement below). In 1813, per the article, the
Custom House offices were moved back into the Central Building here; and evidently
Col. William R. Lee, the Collector, also had his residence here. The Central Building
here remained the home of the Custom House until the opening of the new building at
the head of Derby Wharf, the handsome brick U.S. Custom House, now part of the
federal maritime park. (For information about the Custom House and Collectors, see
R.S. Rantoul's article, The Port of Salem, EIHC 10:62; see also EIHC 67:11, David M.
Little's article, History of the Salem Custom House)).
Of the owners of the building, their careers were in full swing as of 1805.
Benjamin Herbert Hathorne (1773-1824) was born on 9 Sept 1773, the son of Col. John
Hathorne and his wife Susannah Herbert, the daughter of Capt. Benjamin Herbert, after
whom Herbert Street was named. His father was a prominent merchant in Salem, with
a large brick house built in 1774-1775 in Essex Street west of Washington Street, which
is where Benjamin grew up, the eldest of 14 children. In the house was Col. Hathome's
dry-goods store (EIHC 6:108). By early manhood, Benjamin H. was known as Herbert
Hathorne. His brothers John and William were merchants as well, and his eccentric
younger brother Ebenezer (1789-1858) would become a mariner and adventurer who
went west but finally settled down in Salem as a farmer and nurseryman. The Colonel,
a prominent local Jeffersonian politician, had his town house and a farmhouse on Salem
Neck, around where the power plant complex now is. In 1809 he moved permanently
to the farmhouse (where he would die in 1835), and sold the town house to his son
William, who rented it to Joshua Dodge in 1809. Like all Salem Hathornes of that time,
Benjamin's father was descended from Col. John Hathorne, one of the justices of the
witchcraft trials in 1692. The Hathorne family had been prominent in early Salem
history, but by 1800 they were of varying fortunes. Col. John's branch was foremost.
One of Benjamin Herbert Hathorne's first cousins was Capt. Nathaniel Hathorne (17751808), of Union Street, whose son, Nathaniel Jr., born in 1804, would grow up to
�become Hawthorne, the writer. Hawthorne changed the spelling of the name because
he did not like the way that "Hathorne" was pronounced, especially in Salem, where it
was invariably pronounced "Har-thorne."
On 31 July 1799, "Herbert Harthorne married Miss Hall", per the diary of Miss Susann
Holyoke (1779-1860) (see Holyoke Diaries, p.175). This is the only record of this
marriage. Miss Hall was Rebecca Hall, evidently from Boston. The couple would not
have children, but would adopt a daughter, Rebecca Hathorne Hall, born in 1813,
evidently a daughter of Mrs. Hall's brother James. As has been noted, B. Herbert
Hathorne went into business as a dry goods merchant, importing English textiles and
selling them here in his shop, which faced on Essex Street. In March, 1808, for $5,000
he mortgaged his half-interest in the land and the "large brick tenement thereon ...
known by the name of Central building" (ED 182:233).
Wm. Shepard Gray (1773-1824), the other owner of the building, was born in Salem on
30 July 1773, the son of a house-painter, William Gray, and his wife Susannah Shepard.
His father owned a house on the north side of Charter Street, not far from Central
Street. The son changed his name by an act of the legislature in 1798, from William to
William Shepard Gray, because there were five other William Grays in Salem at the
time, including William "Billy" Gray, the eminent merchant, to whom this Gray was
not related. Wm. Shepard Gray married Ann Knight Morland in Newburyport in 1798.
In August, 1800, he was described as "a scribe" when he purchased a piece of land and
a house on upper Federal Street. In 1805 it seems that he worked for the Essex Bank,
preparing loan documents and other instruments. He would later become a ship-owner
and merchant while maintaining his position with the Essex Bank.
In 1805 a bridge was built across the South River, extending Market Street across the
water and connecting it with a new roadway (now known as Lafayette Street) through
the South Fields. The new bridge, which was proposed by the Derby family as a
convenience and in order to help develop their South Salem holdings, was opposed by
the Crowninshields and by William Orne, Joshua Ward, and others who owned wharves
west of it on the South River. At the time of the building of the bridge, evidently, the
market house was moved away.
On 3 November 1807 William Bentley made his first visit to the Hathorne-Gray
building, which now housed the Essex Lodge of Masons. The Lodge, he noted, "has a
new hall in the new brick building, comer of Essex & Market Streets, on the west side
entering Market Street. It was handsomely decorated, the officers enthroned and the
floors spread with carpets and the officers supplied with badges and the apartment with
furniture far above the ancient style. I had never seen the place before. We had a full
�company, an initiation lecture, and a good supper, and parted apparently well pleased
with each other."
On 12 December 1808, Rev. William Bentley composed a letter to William Logan of
Charleston, in which he wrote, "Were you to visit Salem, you would discover great
changes in this town, since your last tarry with us. The encouragement given to brick
buildings has added much to the appearance of Salem. A large block of buildings forms
the comer of1'farket Street, and the market house is removed, and a bridge passes over
South River ... " (EIHC 82:381). This was the period of the Embargo, in which all
foreign commerce was prohibited by the federal government, in an effort to cut off
England from needed supplies, and force the English to stop preying on American
shipping. The Embargo, which was a policy failure and which was disastrous in
bringing all of Salem's commerce to a halt, and throwing all of the mariners out of
work, was removed early in 1809; and foreign commerce resumed.
In May, 1809, Peter Lander, a financial broker, moved into the building, which was
then known as the Central Building. On 10 May 1809 (in the Essex Register
newspaper), a notice ran as follows:
"Insurance, Stock & Exchange Office. Peter Lander informs his friends and the
public that he has taken an office in Central Building, under the Custom House,
and offers his services in the Insurance Stock & Exchange business, where
insurance may be made against all risks, a premium always named proportioned
to the nature of the risk, and the terms and conditions of insurance known upon
application. Likewise, (he) advances money on goods deposited for sale,
purchases and sells public stocks, bills of exchange, shares of any bank and
insurance companies, and negotiable notes, and transacts any other business in
the broker's line."
He also noted "8,000 or 10,000 weight heft green Martinique coffee in casks, for sale
by said Lander."
In the same issue William Hathorne, Jr., ran advertisements offering his father's former
brick house and two stores for sale, and hawking
"Cotton Yam, cheap as can be had at the Manufactory. American, water-spun,
cotton warp & filling, directly from the Smithfield Cotton Manufactory, for sale
at the sign of the subscriber, William Hathorne, Jr., also a small quantity of first
quality knitting yam."
From this, it is apparent that William dealt (sometimes, anyway) in the new Americanmade cotton yams manufactured in Rhode Island; and he had a store here. In 1810,
�another tenant was the Salem Athenaeum, whose library of books and reading rooms
were located here.
In June, 1810, Mr. W. Shepard Gray was owner of the 113-ton brig Mary, Capt.
William Scallon, engaged in foreign trade; and in October, 1810, .Nir. Gray and Robert
.Nforland (his brother-in-law perhaps) were owners of the same vessel, now commanded
by Capt. William Lander (EIHC 41 :144). In December, 1810, he and two others owned
the 133-ton schooner Eliza, registered for foreign trade under Capt. Nathaniel Archer
(EIHC 40:72). In February, 1811, Mr. Gray was one of five owners of the 128-ton
schooner Rising States, Capt. Samuel Lamson, engaged in foreign trade (EIHC 41 :329).
In March, 1812, he was sole owner of the Rising States, Capt. Peter Lander, registered
for overseas trade (EIHC 41 :329). And in September, 1812, he was owner of the brig
Mary, registered for trade under Capt. Benjamin Archer (EIHC 41: 144).
Messrs. Hathorne and Gray owned the building jointly until 16 January 1811, when
they made a division of the property, with Gray receiving the largest portion (ED
192:198). To Hathorne went $500 and the northern end of the lot, with the buildings on
and cellar under, fronting 33' on Market Street, the running 40' westerly through the
northerly partition wall, then running another 10' on a piece of land left in common,
then running northerly 29' by land of Edward A. Holyoke Esq., then running easterly
50' on Essex Street, together with a right of the eaves droppings at the south side of the
southwesterly comer of the buildings (probably for a supply of fresh water). The
partition wall separated the two parts of the building, but did not extend through the
roof; if it were to be so extended, the two parties agreed to bear equal expense. To Gray
went $10 and the southern part of the premises, on which stood the "dwelling house,
stores, and other buildings, and the cellars under the same," and the land fronting
easterly 87' on Market Street, southerly 50' and westerly 82' on land of Edward A.
Holyoke Esq., then running easterly 1O' on the land left in common, then running
northerly 9' to the northerly partition wall, then easterly through the wall to Market
Street. From this, it would seem that part of the southerly part of the building was used
as a residence. Mr. Gray evidently did not live there, but resided in a new house that he
had built on Federal Street. As the son of a house-painter, he had made an
extraordinary leap upward in socio-economic rank.
Salem had resumed its seafaring commerce for three years, but still the British
preyed on American shipping; and in June, 1812, war was declared against Britain.
Although Salem had opposed the war as being potentially ruinous and primarily
for the benefit of the southern and western war-hawk states, yet when it came,
Salem swiftly fitted out 40 privateers manned by Marblehead and Salem crews,
who also served on U.S. Navy vessels, including the Constitution. Many more
�could have been sent against the British, but some of the Federalist merchants held
their vessels back. In addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and artillery.
Salem and Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making prizes of
British supply vessels. While many of the town's men were wounded in
engagements, and some were killed, the possible riches of privateering kept the
men returning to sea as often as possible. The first prizes were captured by a 30ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame, and by a 14-ton luxury yacht fitted with
one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem privateers, the Crowninshields' 350-ton ship
America was the most successful. She would capture 30-plus prizes worth more
than $1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the British warships
that cruised these waters. In June, 1813, off Marblehead Neck, the British frigate
Shannon defeated the U.S. Navy frigate Chesapeake. Salem's Federalists, some
of whom continued to oppose ..the war bitterly, would not allow their churches to be
used for the funeral of the Chesapeake's slain commander, James Lawrence
("Don't give up the ship!").
In the fall of 1813, Cushing & Appleton evidently had a bookstore in the comer
store in Mr. Hathome's part of the building. On 12 October 1813 in the Salem
Gazette, Cushing & Appleton advertised the sale of Spanish cigars and of Oliver
vVelch's new book, American Arithmetic, "adapted to the currency of the U.S.,
to which is added a concise treatise on the mensuration of planes and solids ... "
At the same store was a subscription list for those who wished to sign up for Mr.
Vincent Masi's new "school for dancing." John Fermo, broker, probably with
offices in the Central Building at the time, placed this ad (Gazette, 12 Oct. 1813):
"For Sale. Shares in Mercantile Bank. Shares in Salem Bank. Shares in
Beverly Bank. Apply to John W. Fermo, Broker, who buys and sells bills of
all incorporated banks in the Union. U.S. Treasury Notes negotiated. Also,
approved endorsed Notes, at Bank discount. Wanted: shares in Salem
Turnpike, and a Mass. State Note for $1000 or $1200. Exchange on
Baltimore for sale as above."
In April, 1814, the people gathered along the shores of Salem Neck as three sails
appeared on the horizon and came sailing on for Salem Bay. These vessels proved
to be the mighty Constitution in the lead, pursued by the smaller British frigates
Tenedos and Endymion. The breeze was light, and the British vessels gained, but
Old Ironsides made it safely into Marblehead Harbor, to the cheers of thousands.
�In June, 1814, at the meeting of the Essex Guards militia company, W. Shepard
Gray was elected lieutenant, but he declined to serve (EIHC 57:257). On 4 July
1814 the Essex Guards paraded through Salem, and Mr. Gray served as one of
the four Marshals of the Day, with an oration delivered by Leverett Saltonstall
(EIHC 57:268).
On land, the war went poorly for the United States, as the British captured
Washington, DC, and burned the Capitol and the White House. At sea, as time
wore on, Salem's vessels often were captured, and its men imprisoned or killed.
After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town dry, and the menfolk were
disappearing. Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British prison-ships and at
Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in 1814, New England
Federalist delegates met to consider what they could do to bring the war to a. close
and to restore the region's commerce. Sen. Timothy Pickering of Salem led the
extreme Federalists in proposing an ultimatum threatening New England's
seceding from the United States; but the Pickering faction was countered by
Harrison G. Otis of Boston and the moderate Federalists, who prevailed in sending
a more reasonable message to Congress.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored. Post-war, the Salem merchants
rebuilt their fleets and resumed their worldwide trade, slowly at first, and then to
great effect. A new U.S. Custom House would be built in 1819, on the site of the
George Crowninshield mansion, at the head of Derby Wharf.
In the spring of 1815, Jonathan P. Saunders, auctioneer, town clerk (later if not then),
and map-maker, had his office at the Central Building. On 19 April 1815 in the Essex
Register he advertised for sale "at J.P. Saunders' Store, Central Building, Market Street,
the sale of the library of the late Rev. Thomas Barnard (appended to this report). In
1820 he would publish his "Plan of the Town of Salem," an excellent chart of the city,
its streets, and landmarks.
In the fall of 1815, one of the major tenants of the building was R. F. Cloutman,
who dealt in glass, crockery, and hard-ware (see appended advertisement, 25 Oct.
1815, Essex Register). His stock consisted of everything from fish-hooks to
spectacles to shovels to elegant tea-trays, decanters, tumblers, dinner-ware. He
was still running his ads in November, 1816: "at his old stand, Central Building,"
he offered "a full assortment of crockery, china, glass, and hardware," including
tea sets, Canton and London dining sets, sickles, cutlery, pins, viol strings, Dutch
brushes, coffee mills, English shovels, etc. (appended to this report).
�The pre-war partisan politics of the town were not resumed post-war, as the
middle-class "mechanics" (artisans) became more powerful. and brought about
civic harmony, largely through the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association
(founded 1817). Salem men continued to hold high places in the federal
government: Benjamin W. Crowninshield was formerly Secretary of the Navy,
among other things. It was he who arranged for Rev. William Bentley to have his
portrait painted by James Frothingham, who was then residing in Salem. In his
diary, Bentley noted that on 20 Nov. 1818 Mr. Crowninshield escorted him to "the
apartments of a painter named Frothingham, from Charlestown," where they saw
several fine portraits and some paper profiles. Bentley, evidently impressed,
agreed to sit for Frothingham. On Nov. 23 he recorded that he went "to Mr.
Frothingham' s at the Central buildings ... and had my first sitting" that evening.
The result was a famous portrait (now displayed in East India Marine Hall at the
Peabody Essex Museum) of Mr. Bentley, one of the most extraordinary men of his
time. Later, James Frothingham had his studio on Essex Street; and in 1825 or so
he moved to Boston, and then to New York City.
In 1818 there was still good money to be made in Salem's maritime trade, but it
required a higher level of skill and perspicacity than it had in 1805. As Bentley
wrote in his diary in 1811, "While we (in Salem) went before the wind, credit was
boundless and success followed every adventurer. Since the wind has changed,
few have skill enough to navigate the troubled seas." Evidently Mr. Hathorne had
the right stuff; but Mr. Gray's skills were of a different sort.
W. Shepard Gray, as cashier of the Essex Bank for many years, was in a position
of high trust in Salem: he was, in effect, the manager of the Bank, and had access
to all of its assets, some of which were in the form of coins and specie put on
deposit by merchants and shipmasters. One depositor was Maj. Israel Foster of
Marblehead, a prominent merchant and relative of Col. W.R. Lee, the Collector of
Customs in Salem (and possibly the inhabitant of the residential part of the central
Building). Maj. Foster had deposited a large barrel of specie with the Essex Bank.
In the summer of 1818, W. Shepard Gray took an extended vacation away from
Salem. Eventually, the Bank directors became suspicious. Early in September,
1818, they concluded that the Bank had been robbed. At the time, Bentley wrote
in his diary (Sept. 5), "every inquiry detects the most fraudulent practices. A
deposit of doubloons by Foster of Marblehead has been violated, false contracts
made, and fraud practiced not only in its most artful but most shameful forms. Yet
not one word has appeared as yet, but Gust) a notice that the Cashier, who has long
�been away, has been removed. Suspicions rise in every form, and Salem lays
under the worst imputations."
In fact, Shepard Gray, the Bank's Cashier, and James King, the Bank's Clerk, had
embezzled a great deal of money from the Bank. Gray, who had left Salem, and
King, who had resigned but stayed in town, had offered the Bank's directors
$20,000, when the losses evidently amounted to about $200,000 (see Bentley,
Sept. 11 ). It would appear that Gray, King, and their partner Capt. Joseph
Moseley, a Virginian who had settled in Salem (see B.F. Browne, 1869 Youthful
Recollections of Salem, EIHC 49:200), had invested in highly speculative ventures,
and had lost much of their money, which they replaced with money deposited at
the bank. In Foster's barrel of specie, they had placed ballast stones, leaving an
inch or two of coins at the top. All the rest of the Foster money, $40,000 allegedly,
was gone (the matter would later go to court, in a famous case about the liability of
banks).
In November, 1818, the Grand Jury found against Gray and King "for a conspiracy
to defraud the Bank and for violation of trust and the depredations made on the
deposits and bank interest" (per Bentley, Nov. 6). The Essex Bank directors had
handled most of the matters in secrecy, including a negotiation with Gray and
King, in which terms were given and accepted. The whole matter caused much
alarm and discontent in Salem, many of whose people had money deposited there.
Some were distraught, and one died of the shock (Bentley, ibid): "the widow of
Edward Pulling, Esq., was buried this day, an undoubted victim to her feelings
upon the loss of her property in the Essex Bank. Most of the stock-holders are
widows and orphans."
In June, 1819, Mr. Bentley reflected on the dissension among the shareholders of
the Essex Bank, which was, in fact, about to fold. "The subscribers are disposed to
make their richer members pay the loss. The President declined his office
repeatedly and undertook not to be obliged to issue any money in his signature.
But the offenders had kindred and associates in the board. To whomsoever it may
extend, it was one of the most deliberate, persevering, and complete frauds that
ever was in any country accomplished--and among a people distinguished by their
close attention, we might almost say avarice, in money matters. The business,
when it becomes a public investigation, threatens great divisions and warm
contentions."
Mr. W.S. Gray evidently never returned to Salem, but would die in Cambridge, on 27
May 1824, aged about 51 years.
�At the time ( 1819) that Mr. Gray disappeared and the Custom House offices were
moved to their new quarters, B.H. Hathorne resided in the brick Hathorne house on
Essex Street (evidently 243-5, south side, just west of Washington), probably with a
tenant, Dr. Nathaniel Peabody, and family (1820 census, p. 71). Earlier, Dr. Peabody
had lived in the house ofB.H.H. 's brother William, on Essex Street at the south comer
of Cambridge (see EIHC 21 :219). Dr. Peabody was then the father of 7 children, of
whom one, Sophia, an artist, would grow up and become the wife of Nathaniel
Hawthorne (BHH's first cousin, once removed), while another, Elizabeth P. Peabody, a
teacher, became one of the most important education theorists and reformers in
America. In the household of Mr. B.H. Hathorne in 1820 were himself, a boy, his wife,
two girls, and one young woman.
Augustus J. Archer, a dry goods merchant, wrote a series of articles for the Salem
Gazette in the early months of 1890, on the subject of Essex Street in 1820. In this
series, he related the history of "the brick building built by Benjamin H. Hathorne and
vVilliam Gray, extending into Central Street, and there occupied by the custom house
until 1819, when the U.S. Custom House was built. On the comer of Essex Street,
Cushing & Appleton, succeeded by James R. Buffum, as a book store, were located.
vVm. Hathorne had the western one; he was an Importer of broadcloths and dry goods.
The Salem Register was then established in its present quarters, Warwick Palfrey, Jr.,
the sole editor. From this, it would seem that in 1820 the comer store ofHathome's
paii of the building was occupied by Cushing & Appleton, the store next westerly was
occupied as a dry goods store by William Hathorne, and the upstairs rooms were used
as the office of the Salem Register newspaper (as they would be for decades).
In 1820 the part of the building that fronted on Central Street, and had belonged to Mr.
Gray, was sold to Samuel Tucker, a Salem merchant, for $5825.75, by John Morland,
Roxbury merchant ($800 in May), who was probably W.S. Gray's brother-in-law and
may have held a mortgage on the property, and by Joseph S. Cabot, Salem gentleman
($5025.75 in September), who had foreclosed a mortgage on W.S. Gray on 2 July 1819
(ED 222:266, 225:114). In Mr. Cabot's deed, it is specified that the property consisted
of "the dwelling house in which Samuel Tucker now resides and of the other apartments
in Central Building, so-called;" and in Mr. Morland's deed it mentions the "dwelling
house, stores, other buildings, and cellar under". So there is little doubt but that Mr.
Gray's part of the building contained a portion that had been reserved (perhaps since
1805) as a residence. Samuel Tucker, the new owner, resided here in 1820.
Of this same time (c.1820) Mr. A.J. Archer reminisced as follows. "On Central Street,
Dana & Fenno had an office for the sale of lottery tickets and a general brokerage
�business, having a Boston connection. E H. Payson had charge of this office and tells
me he was the person who built the first coal fire in Salem. Mr. Dana had seen them ir
Boston and employed John Chamberlain, mason, to set a grate in his office; Mr. Pays(
built the fire, and says people used to come in by the dozens to see it. One evening he
went to bed leaving the blower up, having forgot to remove it; of course it became red
hot, and so alarmed the passers-by that they rushed in hot haste to tell him his office
was on fire. The Insurance offices next adopted the grate, and it spread rapidly into
general use. The first furnace in the city was put in by Mr. Chamberlain at his brother'2:.
B. Porter Chamberlain, who owned and occupied the old assembly house on Federal
street. The chambers and offices on Central Street were occupied by the Salem Saving
Bank, incorporated 1818; when first organized, Willard Peele was president, and Danie
Bray treasurer. Capt. Peter Lander and his son, Peter Jr., had a private insurance office
for underwriters. Henry Pickering Esq. had a law office. The Salem Courier, Charles
A. Andrew, was started here Sept. 7, 1828; it was short lived. In 1830 the Salem Light
Infantry had two rooms in the second story for their armory."
In The Salem Gazette of 1 Feb. 1820, Cushing & Appleton advertised "Gold Leaf' and
"Almanacks for 1820," and the Salem Brewery announced that "strong and table beer,
porter, ale, yeast, porter bottles, corks, hops, malt, bottled cider, and a complete
assortment of cordials" were available at the Salem Brewery, and at the store, comer of
Essex and Cambridge Streets, also from 11 to half past 1 at the Central Building."
In 1824, B. Herbert Hathorne died (as did W.S. Gray). Mr. Hathorne owned his part of
the building outright, and owned a very large stock of dry goods, which were
enumerated in the inventory of his estate (appended to this report). By his 1823 last
will, he devised to his wife Rebecca cash, personal effects, and lifetime use of some real
estate which was to devolve to his nephew B.H. Hathorne (Jr.) after the deaths of his
wife and adopted daughter. His "land at the comer of Central Street and Essex Street
with the buildings thereon, called the Central building," he devised in trust to his
brother William Hathorne for the benefit of his sons; and upon his death it was to go the
same nephew, B.H. Hathorne (Jr.). He devised $1000 in trust for his adopted daughter,
and left generous cash bequests to other relatives. The property here would remain in
the ownership of Hathomes throughout the rest of the 19th century.
The 1820s was a decade of challenges for Salem. It struggled successfully to
maintain its overseas commerce and to open new markets for its shipping, in
Madagascar (1820), which supplied tallow and ivory, and Zanzibar (1825), whence
came gum copal, used to make varnish. This opened a huge and lucrative trade in
which Salem dominated, and its vessels thus gained access to all of the east
African ports. From 1827 to 1870, there were 189 arrivals in Salem from
�Zanzibar, carrying ivory, gum copal, and coffee. But in the 1820s Salem's national
influence slipped, and it was unable to develop a manufacturing base. Salem's
general maritime foreign commerce fell off sharply in the late 1820s. Imports,
which were the cargoes in Salem ships, were supplanted by American goods, now
being produced in great quantities. The interior of the country was being opened
for settlement, and many Salemites moved away to these new lands of opportunity.
To the north, the falls of the Merrimack River powered large new textile mills
(Lowell was founded in 1823 ), which created great wealth for their investors; and
in general it seemed that the tide of opportunity was ebbing away from Salem.
In an ingenious attempt to stem the flow of talent from the town and to harness its
potential water power for manufacturing, Salem's merchants and capitalists
focused on damming the North River. The project, which began with much
promise, was suspended (before construction began) in 1827, which demoralized
the town even more, and caused several leading citizens to move to Boston, the
hub of investment in the new economy. In November, 1826, Joseph H. Prince,
counselor at law, advertised in the Salem Gazette his "removal" from "from his
late office, in Central Building, to the office formerly occupied by Hon. John
Pickering, in Court Street." This event, seemingly so obscure, points to a sad
fact: John Pickering VI, the ultimate Salem citizen, had decided to take his family
and his talents to Boston, where they were settled by the spring of 1827.
In 1830 occurred a horrifying crime that brought disgrace to Salem. Old Capt.
Joseph White, a wealthy merchant, owned and resided in the house now called the
Gardner-Pingree house, on Essex Street. One night, intruders broke into his
mansion and stabbed him to death. All of Salem buzzed with the news of
murderous thugs; but the killer was a Crowninshield (a local crime-boss who killed
himself at the Salem Jail), hired by his friends, Capt. White's own relatives, Capt.
Joseph Knapp and his brother Frank (they were executed by hanging). The results
of the investigation and trial uncovered much that was lurid about Salem, and more
of the respectable families quit the notorious town.
Salem's remaining merchants had to move quickly to take their equity out of
wharves and warehouses and ships and put it into manufacturing and
transportation, as the advent of railroads and canals in the 183 Os diverted both
capital and trade away from the coast. Some merchants did not make the
transition, and were ruined. Old-line areas of work, like rope-making, sail-making,
and ship chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared. Well into the 1830s,
Salem slumped badly.
�Despite all, Salem was chartered as a city in 1836. City Hall was built 1837-8 and
the city seal was adopted with an already-anachronistic Latin motto of "to the
farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!" The Panic
of 183 7, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even more Salem
families to head west in search of fortune and a better future. Salem had not
prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages. The North River
served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste from the many
tanneries (23 by 1832) that had set up along its banks. Throughout the 1830s, the
leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy for their fellow citizens, many
of whom were mariners without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity, ambition, and
hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant built
in 1818 in North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and blue vitriol
was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business. Salem's whale-fishery,
active for many years in the early 1800s, led, in the 1830s, to the manufacturing of
high-quality candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils. The candles proved
very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and grew large after 1830,
when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River were retooled for making highquality white lead and sheet lead (the approach to Marblehead is still called Lead
Mills Hill, although the empty mill buildings burned down in 1960s).
These enterprises were a start toward taking Salem in a new direction. In 183 8
the Eastern Rail Road began operating between Boston and Salem, which gave
the people of Salem and environs a direct route to the region's largest market.
The new railroad tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond; the tunnel
under Washington Street was built in 1839; and the line was extended to
Newburyport in 1840.
The occupants of this building in the 183 Os were the Salem Light Infantry
(armory here in 1830), newspapers, banks, etc.
Rev. Benjamin Herbert Hathorne (Jr.), a Lynn bachelor clergyman (nephew of the first
BHH), the owner of the Hathorne part of the property (worth $6,000 in 1837), died in
1837, having willed all of his property to his father, William, two sisters, and three
brothers, with the survivor to inherit the full ownership.
�In 1836 (per the Essex Memorial, published in that year), the "Central Building" tenants
included two newspaper offices: that of the Essex Register and that of the Commercial
Advertiser. The Register in 1836 was published by Palfray and Chapman twice a week
and was Whig in politics; the Advertiser, founded in 1832 and edited by Palfray &
Cook, was published weekly and was Democrat in politics. In those days, the Whigs
and the Democrats maintained their own reading rooms: the former was in Holyoke
Place, off Essex Street, while the latter was located here at the "Central Building."
Also here in 183 6 (per the 183 7 Salem Directory) were the offices of the Bank of
General Interest, 4 Central Street, $400,000 in capital, William H. Russell, cashier;
directors John Russell (President), Putnam I. Farnham, Caleb Foote, John W. Fenno,
Jonathan Holman. (p.118). Also headquartered here was the Institution for Savings in
the City of Salem and Its Vicinity, 4 Central, Joseph Peabody, President; Daniel Bray,
Treasurer; Francis H. Silsbee, Secretary (p.119). The bankers who actually came to
work here each day were Daniel Bray (Institution for Savings), of 104 Essex Street, and
John Russell (Bank of General Interest), of 22 Lafayette St., and his son Wm. H.
Russell (ditto) of 2 Lafayette Street. No doubt there were clerks and tellers too.
In the 1830s, James R. Buffum "kept a book and stationery store for himself on the
western comer of Essex and Central Street ... (and) then kept a tavern at Ome's Point,
North Salem. He married Susan Mansfield ... and died 14 Feb. 1863, aged 68 years."
(see EIHC 6:212, Benja. F. Browne, Memorials of the Washington Rangers).
In the 1840s, Mr. Buffum moved out of the comer store, and Stephen Osborne took it
over. He ran a retail business in hats, caps, and furs; and Henry Osborne worked there
as a hatter (hat-maker). Stephen resided in 1841-1845 at 17 Oliver Street, while Henry
resided on "Mechanic Street" (near the Laboratory in North Salem) in 1841 and in 1845
on Federal (Marlborough) Street, near Washington. In the Salem Directory for 1850
was an advertisement for "Osborne's Fashionable Hat, Cap & Fur Establishment, 183
Essex Street, comer of Central Street" (p. 221 ). This store would be operated
throughout the 1860s (see ad, p. 88, 1864 Salem Directory).
The Essex Register newspaper, which was founded by the Crowninshield-HathomeWhite families to represent the Jeffersonian point of view c.1800, and which had been
edited at one point by Rev. William Bentley (a major contributor for years), would be
published from this location throughout the rest of its history. In 1842, the co-editor,
Charles vV. Palfray, resided at 47 Federal Street, while co-editor John Chapman resided
at 33 Federal and served on the Board of Advisers of the Salem Children's Friend
Society. In addition, Edward Palfray, of 2 Hamilton Street, was a printer at 4 Central
Street in 1842. (info from 1842 Salem Directory).
�Samuel Dudley Tucker (1782-1857), the owner of the Central Street part of the Central
Building as of 1820, was a merchant. He was born in Salem on 25 January 1782, one c
the sons of John and Lydia Tucker. Among his older brothers were Andrew Tucker
(born 1773) and Gideon Tucker (b. 1778, married 1804 Martha Goodhue). l\llr. Andre\
Tucker ( 1773-1820), who married l\lfartha Mansfield, had several children, including
Jonathan, Samuel (2d) and Gideon (2d); he was subject to melancholy, and took his
own life in February, 1820, aged 47 years.
In 1830, Samuel D. Tucker added to his holdings hereabouts by purchasing for $1950
from the heirs of Dr. Holyoke some shops on Central Street, with land, just south of the
dwelling house part of the Central Building (ED 258:215). At the same time, the
Holyoke heirs sold him, for $4500, the land to the west of the Hathorne parcel, with a
printing office thereon (ED 258:215). By 1836 Mr. Tucker had moved to 293 Essex
Street, and later he resided at the Essex House hotel. He died in the 1857 (#55777),
having devised the premises by will to Gideon Tucker, who was the president of the
Exchange Bank. Gideon Tucker died in or before 1862, leaving many heirs. In July,
1862, some of the Tucker heirs, having purchased the interests of other of the heirs, sold
the premises for $4572.46 to one of their own, Edward Tucker, of Saco, Maine (ED
642:145, also 639:22,24, 638:126, etc.). In September, 1862, Edward Tucker sold half
of the property to Jonathan Tucker and half of it to Jonathan's son, James T. Tucker. In
September, 1865, Jonathan Tucker for $3,000 sold his half-interest to his son, James T.
Tucker, who granted his father a life estate in the property (ED 688:281,287).
Through the 1860s and 1870s, Salem continued to pursue a manufacturing course.
The managers and capitalists tended to build their new, grand houses along
Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of Roslyn Street). For the
workers, they built more and more tenements near the mills of Stage Point. A
second, larger, factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company would
be added in 1859, and a third in 1865; and by 1879 the mills would employ 1200
people and produce annually 14, 700,000 yards of cloth. Shoe-manufacturing also
continued to expand, and by 1880 Salem would have 40 shoe factories employing
600-plus operatives. More factories and more people required more space for
buildings, more roads, and more storage areas.
Maj. Jam es T. Tucker predeceased his father, whose life estate would come to an
end with his death in 1877. Jonathan Tucker ( 1799-1877) had been a merchant for
most of his career. He left business in 1849, became a City Assessor for awhile, and
by 1860 he was working as a Measurer at the Custom House. In 1872 he was still at
the Custom House, residing at 29 Andrew Street. He purchased 82 Washington
�Square East in 1874, and moved in. To the Salem Gazette in 1875-6 he contributed
an interesting series called "Our Old Houses," in which he jotted down his memories
of who had inhabited the buildings of Essex Street 1807-1810. By 1876 he was
again working as an assessor at City Hall. On the last day of July, 1877, Mr. Tucker
took his own life.
The obituary of Mr. Tucker ran in the Gazette on 3 August 1877. "The death of
Jonathan Tucker, which took place very suddenly on Tuesday morning last, takes
from amongst us one of our most respected citizens ... His character was as sturdy as
his frame. Upright, conscientious, clear-headed, and intelligent, his services on the
board of our City Assessors were never surpassed in value by any who have been
called to the office. His independence and plainness of speech undoubtedly made
him enemies; but, as an honest man, a good citizen, exemplary in purity of morals
and in every relation of life, he will be held in respectful remembrance by all who
knew him. Mr. Tucker retired-from active mercantile business in 1849, when he was
elected one of the Assessors of the City. This office he continued to hold until
March 28, 1853. He was again elected Assessor in 1869, and held the office until
January 11, 1875, when he retired to private life. During most of his term of service,
he was chairman of the board; and there never was a man who paid more strict,
scrupulous, and faithful attention to the duties of his office. A native of Salem, and
blessed with powers of keen observation and a retentive memory, his knowledge of
our local history of the present century-of persons, events, metes and bounds-was
unequalled, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to impart from his
inexhaustible stores. He leaves a widow (a sister of Prof. Alpheus Packard of
Bowdoin College), three sons-Joseph F. and Horace, both holding responsible
positions in the Illinois Central Railroad Company, and Rev. William P., who has
recently accepted a call to a rectorship in Pawtucket, R.I.; and two daughters, Mrs. J.
M. Hagar of Salem, and Mrs. Hanson of Chicago. Two sons, Alpheus Packard and
Col. James T., died before their father."
Joseph F. Tucker, the railroad man, became the new owner of the property. As early as
1881, and perhaps before, much of his part of the Central Building was occupied by
John J. Perkins' notable furniture and upholstering store (some photographs show the
building at that time, with the Perkins signs out front). Mr. Perkins, a resident of Bridge
Street, ran the business for many years. The dwelling part of the building, numbered 10
central, was evidently occupied Mrs. Sarah B. Safford, who had a store at 16-18 central.
She died before 1900, in which year the premises at 4-6 Central Street were occupied
by the Salem Press Company, which had its presses and other machinery there, and by
A.N. Webb & Co., printers. At 8-10 were E.F. McClellan, hairdresser, and the offices
�of Cawley & Trow, plumbers. Alphonse Bouin and family resided in the end unit. (info
from Salem Directory, 1899/1900)
Regarding the Hathorne part of the building, by then known as The Hathorne Building:
in 1878 Henry G. Hathorne, of Lynn, sold his interest in the Central Building to
\iVilliam W. Hathorne, of Lynn, his brother (ED 1000:189). On 2 January 1886 William
W. Hathorne leased the first floor and cellar of his part of the building to Herebert D.
Rice of Boston, who opened The Shawmut Hat Store here. The lease was to run for ten
years at $1500 rent per annum. At the same time, Mr. Rice was to pay the cost of a
major remodeling of this part of the building, and agreed not to sell any liquor here.
The remodeling involved removing the stone front, removing brick piers and windows,
and putting in a new front on Essex Street and part of the building on Central Street.
Large new plate glass windows were to be installed, along with iron girders to support
the upper stories.
Mr. Wm. W. Hathorne died in 1893, whereupon the property was conveyed to his
brothers Henry G. and Charles F. Hathorne (ED1401:109). They continued to lease out
the property as commercial space to Herbert D. Rice, who was the proprietor of the
Shawmut Hat Store at 191-193 Essex Street (see adv. p.1194 Salem Directory 1897-8;
ED 1991:66, etc.).
In 1900, the occupants of "the Hathorne Building" were The Shawmut Hat Store (hats,
furs, etc.) at 191-193 Essex Street, and, at 195 Essex Street, J.M. O'Connell and Mrs.
Kate F. Dean, hairdressers, dentist John W. Patch, A.C. Mackintire, photographer, and
B.L. Pervier, jobber.
Salem kept building infrastructure; and new businesses arose, and established
businesses expanded. Retail stores prospered, and machinists, carpenters,
millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. In the 1870s, French-Canadian
families began coming to work in Salem's mills and factories, and more houses
and tenements filled were built in what had been open areas of the city. The
Canadians were followed in the early 20th century by large numbers of Polish and
Ukrainian families, who settled primarily in the Derby Street neighborhood. By
the eve of World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported large
department stores and large factories of every description. Its politics were lively,
and its economy was strong.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street opposite
Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden tanneries. This fire
soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the west wind was high
�and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire, and the next, and out
of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of flame and smoke,
wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street, and upper Broad Street, and
then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and other residential streets.
Men and machines could not stop it: the enormous fire crossed over into South
Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods west of Lafayette Street, then devoured
the mansions of Lafayette Street itself, and raged onward into the tenement district.
Despite the combined efforts of heroic fire crews from many towns and cities, the
fire overwhelmed everything in its path: it smashed into the large factory buildings
of the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (Congress Street), which exploded in an
inferno; and it rolled down Lafayette Street and across the water to Derby Street.
There, just beyond Union Street, after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died, having
consumed 25 0 acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories, and leaving three dead and
thousands homeless. Some people· had insurance, some did not; all received much
support and generous donations from all over the country and the world. It was
one of the greatest urban disasters in the history of the United States, and the
people of Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually, they did, and
many of the former houses and businesses were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal
projects (including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved removing old houses
and widening old streets) were put into effect.
Mr. Herbert D. Rice, owner of The Shawmut Hat Store here, and lessee since
1886, purchased the Hathorne Building from the Hathornes on 1 Nov. 1920 (ED
2469:90). The premises had been in Hathorne ownership for more than 115
years.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in 1926
was a time of great celebration. From that time forward, Salem boomed right
through to the 1960s, but the arrival of suburban shopping malls and the relocation
of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have with many other cities.
More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward into the present with
success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the witch trials, but also from
its history as a great seaport and as the home of Bowditch, Mcintire, Bentley,
Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a city where the homes of the oldtime merchants, mariners, and mill-operatives-and the commercial buildings that
Salem's prosperity produced and sustained--are all honored as a large part of what
makes Salem different from any other place.
--10 Feb. 2002, Robert Booth for Historic Salem Inc.
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CFSHIXG AXD APPLETOX-BIBLE AXD REA.RT BOOK SHOP.
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177
Soon after Dabney established his book shop, Thomas C.
Cushing and \'Villiam Carlton, the latter a young man just
reaching his majority, were associated in the 'Bible and Heart'
book shop. Carlton's advertisement in 1791 reYeals the location of his business as 'opposite Rev. :Mr. Prince's meeting
house,' where he had for sale all the principal books and pamphlets, as v.-ell as mariner's compasses, log books, scales and
dividers, backgammon and Hadley's quadrants, and 'Harry
VIII and HighlancJs Playing Cards.' 67 In 1793 he added a
circulating library. J\1r. Streeter says: 'The Bible and Heart
book-store was in the lo·wer story of the building oecupied by ·
the printing office, the same ·which is now (1856) kept by
D. B. Brooks and Brother. There were formerly wooden figures of a Bible ancl a heart suspended over the door, which
during .the last war were torn down in the night by some
mischievous persons and thrown into the harbor. It was upon
the occasion of a list of privateers in our harbor being published in the Gazette by the foreman of the office.' In 1794
Carlton's 'new book store' was 'a few doors west of the Sun
Tavern, Essex st.Teet.' 08 In 1797 Carlton's connection with
Cushing ceased, and in 1801 John S. Appleton associated
himself with this book shop, the firm of Cushing and Appleton
being a well-known and successful Salem concern, at the 'Sign
of the Bible,' until the death of both in 1824.
In 1803 their shop was at the corner of Court and Essex
streets, 'lately occupied as an insurance office.'c 9 In 1808 they
removed to the store under the Gazette office, lately occupied
by John Russell, one door west of the Central Building, 70
having purchased Russell's stock of several thousand volumes,
which were sold at auction by Jacob Peabody. A side-light
oil the importance to trade of court business and attendance
at the sittings is manifest in an advertisement which appeared
at this time, after the sale had opened, to the effect that 'the
Salem
Salem
6 9 Salem
10 Salem
67
<1s
Gazette,
Gazette,
Gazette,
Gazette,
November 8, 1791, .January 3 and 12, 1793.
September, 1794.
December 3-0, 1803.
April 5, 1808.
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Brown, every fashionable Cf)lor and.
Killed at Nel'l'tonville.
at the Shawmut. Hamiiock and So'ft
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Mrs. Lury H. Estey, wife ofWillia.m H.
. Estey of the Boston Herald sta..IT; we.e
sfrn<'k by the 7 o'cloo::k inwa.rd pa.ese~r
t ra•n:on:thejBost-on'& Alba.nyrailroaa:a tbe
Walnut street crossing, Newtonville, ast
evrDing, and instantly .k:illed. The unfortunate lady, in .comps.Dy with her youngest
son, atttmpted to cro.ss the. track after
tl'e gates had been lowered. She crol!Sed
the Na. 1 track. just ahead of a.
fteight traiJ!, and passed oyer the No. 2
and No. 3 tracks, when she e"w th".'e Inward
·passenger train approaching. Hesitating
for a moment, she turnP.d as though to go
,. back, taking a.few steps, but again turned
nnd stepped in front of:the engine or the
r.assenger train, which was then running
into the station and moving slowly, and
was struck and thrown upon the platform.
The boy stood between the tracks and thus
escaped injury. Therliotheraudson were on
their way to the depot to take the train
to Newton, to attend a Bible convention
which is being held there. Yr. Estey was
just about to start forWaltham to attend
a camp fire, t.o. whicp the members of h~
poet had been invited. B:e was notified of
'the accident, and the body was· removed
to his home o'.n Brooks avenue, where it
wes -v:iewed by lfedieoal ]!lxaminer Meade.
Tbe derea8€d was 41 years of age; and,
beside her husband, five SOD,B survive her,
th_e youngest Of whulll is 12 years of age!!
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Central Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4-10 Central Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1805 for the Merchants B. Herbert Hathorne and W. Shepard Gray
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1805, 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
10
1805
2002
4
B.
Central
Gray
Hathorne
Herbert
History
House
Massachusetts
Salem
Shepard
Street
W.
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/d8361659f42f6f7530acf6fed36d1de3.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Ceax%7E9m58AqRQmggCljc04o3xw53ahj8khDJ8dC9r8maq4WZGqa8OKGsZaUFoArLbNS8KtSmlRhgOEIKX2meFE7ZlgluONULZcnLN6fSK6E-zxx-vhc-AhYJcg2TQmw8T1dyOjP8SN%7EsudaUUyAKFvLJtpEIU7r9oI4bYS7rkeKV0EBkxx-4ehCRguGjtj-8H3RVOVjcAioJvj-2l4phvJOkT%7EjmwxOmEvgAg%7EL%7ExcbiChzZBjAT6%7EvD-DZTfgbxyDDqkufq-%7EnM2bqbJjqukWRdmu9mkyKrZhax9zUKFo00a4HbyJts3T7%7EozmxZOrnqfyYHgbZgQTovGo86yqMCg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
b889a00812bd9e8ce9e5c886539f2024
PDF Text
Text
Seven Carpenter Street
Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built as the orphanage of the
Seamen's Orphan and Children's Friend Society in 1878, to the design of
Aaron Goldthwait, architect.
The Seaman's Orphan & Children's Friend Society was founded "to ameliorate
the condition of the fatherless and the widow" (per 1861 Salem Directory).
It had two predecessor organizations. One was The Seamen's Widow and
Orphan Association, formed in 1833. The other was the Salem Children's Friend
Society, organized in 1839 "for the purpose of rescuing from evil and improving
the condition of such children as are in indigent and suffering circumstances and
not otherwise provided for" (see 1842 Salem Directory, pp.123-4). Both were
originally focused on assisting the people of the seafaring East Parish of Salem,
in the Derby Street waterfront neighborhood. In 1839 the new Children's friend
Society's director was the tall, lanky, kindly Rev. Michael Carlton. For years
before the founding of any society, Mr. Carlton and his wife had been taking in
and caring for the orphaned children of seafaring families (see pp. 164-5,
Visitor's Guide To Salem, 1927).
Michael Carlton ( 1795-1865) was born at Blue Hill, Maine, on 26 October 1795,
died Salem 6 March 1865 (see The Perkins Family, EIHC 21 :59-60, 1884, and
The Old Ladies Home for information about Mr. Carlton). He became a Baptist
minister, and in 1822 accepted the call of a parish in Hopkinton. He came to
Salem and married Deborah Hunt, who soon died; and in 1833 he married
Hannah Perkins (1800-1883) with whom he had four children. For several years,
starting in 1837, he was pastor of the Seamen's Bethel Church on Herbert Street
in Salem; and he was a missionary all week long to the sailors along the
waterfront, notable as "the friend in need of the wretched and the poor," and
known to the wisecracking boys of the waterfront neighborhood as "Gospel
Tongs," plucking sinners from the flames.
Eventually, the Carltons' friends and admirers raised money to help the orphaned
children. The Society itself was made up of well-to-do merchants and their
wives, who shared their wealth with the families of mariners who had died ashore
or been lost at sea, leaving widows, fatherless children, and sometimes, orphans.
These seafaring men, employed by the merchants to sail their vessels, faced
�dangers from storms, mischance, disease, and enemies at sea and on land. Often
the sailors died in the service of the merchant, leaving little for the subsistence of
their families. This is where the ship-owning merchant families stepped in, to be
sure that no family in Salem would suffer from hunger or want.
In the early 1840s, Mr. and Mrs. Carlton resided on the north side of Chatter
Street in the handsome old Mason-Harraden house (now gone), and used a house
nearby as an orphanage. Beginning in 1844, the orphans and perhaps some
fatherless families evidently resided here in a house on the site of the present
house at 7 Carpenter Street.
Then, in May, 1844, Robert Brookhouse, a very wealthy self-made merchant,
donated to the Salem Seaman's Orphan & Children's Friend Society a piece of
land with a house and buildings and half of a well, fronting 3 8' 4" on Carpenter
Street and running back 100' (ED 345:6). Mr. Brookhouse had just purchased
the property for $1500 from the Salem Female Charitable Society (ED 344:187).
It would appear that the Society was actually conveying the lot fronting 76' on
Carpenter Street, although the deed mentions only one of the lots (the southern
one, fronting 38' 4", with the house thereon).
The Salem Female Charitable Society, whose purpose was to help the poor and
unfo1tunate, had purchased a house and land in 1808 from housewright Solomon
Chaplin in 1808; that lot fronted 38' 4" on what is now Carpenter Street (ED
185:87). Mr. Chaplin had evidently built the house c.1806 after buying the land
from David Lord (ED 180:25). In 1823 the Society purchased the lot to the
north, also fronting 38' 4" on the street, from William Treadwell (ED 233: 109).
Gifford Court was not formally laid out (over part of the northerly lot) until the
late 1870s.
The 1851 atlas shows this site as occupied by the building of the "Seamen's
Orphan Asylum."
In 1870 the old orphanage was managed by Azubah Kilpatrick, 35, a native of
Maine, assisted by Emma Bruce, 18, also of Maine, and with the help of a servant,
Ellen Marr, 19. In the orphanage were 15 children (six boys) aged four to eleven,
all of them born in Massachusetts (1870 census, ward four, house 253). The 1874
atlas shows the old Chaplin house (sold 1808 to the Female Society) in situ,
numbered 9 Carpenter Street, owned by the "Children's Friend Society," with a
shed or barn attached to it at the rear. Gifford Court did not exist as a forma·l
roadway at that time, but its site was probably used as a passage-way.
�Salem, in the 1870s, was engaged in manufacturing. Factory managers and
capitalists tended to build their new, grand houses along Lafayette Street (these
houses may still be seen, south of Roslyn Street). For the workers, the factory
managers built more and more tenements near the mills of Stage Point. The
Naumkeag Steam Cotton had built a huge factory there in the 1840s; and a second,
larger, factory building had been added in 1859, and a third in 1865; and by 1879
the mills employed 1200 people and produced annually 14,700,000 yards of cloth.
Shoe-manufacturing also burgeoned, and by 1880 Salem had 40 shoe factories
employing 600-plus operatives. In the 1870s, French-Canadian families began
coming to work in Salem's mills and factories. More factories and more people
required more tenements and buildings, more roads, and more storage areas.
In 1878, the Society voted to build a new and much larger orphanage on the site
of the old one. Many donations were made toward the project, including $5,000
from Mrs. Hemenway. John C. Osgood headed up the building committee, and
working plans for the new building were drafted by Aaron Goldthwait.
The old house was removed and work on the new building commenced on April
16. The frame was raised on May 10, the roof and walls were on by May 25, and
plastering was under way by June 27. C.H. Flint and company were excavators
and masons. The stone work was done Mr. Merrill. R.B. Gifford won the
general contract for carpentry (executed by the men at Ashby & Rowell),
plumbing (by F.P. Goss), slating (by George Fowler), roofing (by J.D. & J.W.
Eaton), and stair-building (by Henry Conant). Charles B. Brown won the
contract for painting and tiling, while Frothingham & Fifield set the furnaces.
Mr. Osgood superintended all the work.
The building was completed and furnished by October, and was dedicated in an
impressive ceremony on the 24th. Many people and institutions had made special
memorial donations and gifts, which were displayed throughout the downstairs
rooms. The upstairs rooms were used as dormitories, and were equipped with
iron bedsteads and white counterpanes. A play-room, hospital, nursery, bath, and
rooms for matron and assistants. Downstairs were the administrative offices,
dining room, etc. The dedication event included choirs, speeches, and a public
inspection of the new building, which was thoroughly described in the
newspapers of the time (see appended articles from the Oct. 26, 1878, Salem
Observer, and the Oct. 28 Salem Register).
�In the spring of 1880, when the census was taken, the Home was occupied by ·
many children, as well as by the matron, Margaret H. Barrows, 34, a native of
Maine. She was assisted by a staff who resided here too: her sister Abby
Barrows, 30, Assistant Matron, nurse Mary Homer, 26, also of Maine, and
servants Alice Havener, 23 (of Maine), Mary Nichols, 21 (of Mass.), and Dora
Beton, 30 (of Nova Scotia). The Home took in small boys and girls, but not older
boys; and no child was over 13. The older girls were Caroline Measly, 13 (b.
Mass.), Nellie Patterson, 13 (b. Scotland), Clara Wentworth, 12 (b. Maine), Mary
Cunningham, 12 (b. Mass.), Nellie Davenport, 12 (b. Mass.), Ella Wentworth, 11
(b. Mass.), Eva Brown, 11 (b. Mass.), Lydia Cresol, 10 (b. Mass.), and Mary
Campbell, 12 (b. Mass.). The 9-year-olds were Carrie Wentw01ih, Winnie
Smith, Jessie Parson (born in Mass. of Scottish parents; three younger sisters here
too), Florence Cunningham, Alice Measly, and Sadie Davenp01i. Jennie Parson
was the lone 8-year-old. The 7-year-olds were Mary Parson, Carrie Atkins,
Emma Sanborn, Mary Allen, Annie Todd, Emma Terrill, Harry McNeil, Daisy
Rowell. Six year-olds were Lizzie Ring, Robbie Thompson (b. Mass.), Fannie
Taylor (b. Mass.). The fives were Jemima Parson (b. Mass.), tvfabel Sanborn (b.
Mass.), Sadie Todd, Mary Hamilton, Han-y Welch, Mary Anderson, Hattie
Coolidge. The littlest ones were Rudolph Nyburg, 4, and Carl Nyburg, 3, both
born in Sweden, Frank Coolidge, 3 (b. Mass.), Emma Ring, 4 (b. Mass.), Emma
Wentworth (b. Mass.), Proctor McNeil, 3 (b. Mass.), George Welch, 4 (b. Mass.),
and Henry Morris, two (b. Mass.). For reference, see 1880 census, house 215.
Presumably the Home continued to serve a like number of children for many
years more. On 2 March 1887 Sidney W. Winslow of Beverly for $1,010 sold to
the Seamen's Orphan and Children's Friend Society a parcel of land in the rear of
a Federal Street; and on this newly acquired land, probably in the summer of
1887, the Society built a hospital, which is now the house at 12 Gifford Court.
By that time, Salem's seafaring days were done, but widows and offspring were
still in need of suppmi. The Society still operated the orphanage, but its main
purpose was to support marginal seafaring families in their own homes.
In 1890, evidently soon after the construction of the hospital here, the all-volunteer
society was headed by Mrs. E.M. Proctor, who had the assistance of two vice
presidents, a treasurer, a secretai-y, and more than a dozen volunteer "managers,"
who were responsible for monitoring the needs of various children and families.
The medical advisors were Dr. Frank S. Atwood, of Federal Street, and Dr. C.A.
Carlton. The matron was still Miss Margaret Barrows, now 44, assisted by her
�sister; and the Society helped about 60 children from infants to those aged 18 years
(per Salem Directory, 1890-1 ).
During these years, Salem kept building infrastructure; and new businesses arose,
and established businesses expanded. Retail stores prospered, and machinists,
carpenters, millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. After withstanding the
pressures of the new industrial city for about 50 years, Salem's rivers began to
disappear. The once-broad North River was filled from both shores, and became a
canal along Bridge Street above the North Bridge. The large and beautiful Mill
Pond, which occupied the whole area between the present Jefferson Avenue, Canal
Street, and Loring A venue, finalJy vanished beneath streets, storage areas, junkyards, rail-yards, and parking lots. The South River, too, with its epicenter at
Central Street (that's why there was a Custom House there in 1805) disappeared
under the pavement of Riley Plaza and New Derby Street, and its old wharves
(even the mighty Union Wharf, formerly Long Wharf, at the foot of Union Street)
were joined together with much in-fill and tmned into coal-yards and lumberyards. Only a canal was left, running in from Derby and Central Wharves to
Lafayette Street.
In 1900 (per census), the orphanage was run by Margaret Barrows, 54, assisted
by Miss Hatch, 25, Katie Cameron, 30, Mary Cobb, 27, Martha Thompson, 25,
and Margaret Merithew, 17, with servants Nellie Evans, 27, and Tira Wentworth,
32. There were 48 "inmates," ranging in age from one to 17.
By the eve of World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported
large department stores and large factories of every description. Its politics were
lively, and its economy was strong.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (on Boston Street opposite
the end of Bridge Street), not far from this neighborhood, a fire started in one of
Salem's fire-prone wooden tanneries. This fire soon consumed that building and
raced out of control, for the west wind was high and the season had been dry. The
next building caught fire, and the next, and out of Blubber Hollow the fire roared
easterly, a monstrous front of flame and smoke, wiping out the houses of Boston
Street, Essex Street, and upper Broad Street, and then sweeping through Hathorne,
Winthrop, Endicott, and other residential streets. Men and machines could not stop
it: the enormous fire crossed over into South Salem and destroyed the
neighborhoods west of Lafayette Street, then devoured the mansions of 1101ihern
Lafayette Street itself, and raged onward into the tenement district. Despite the
combined efforts of heroic fire crews from many towns and cities, the fire
�overwhelmed everything in its path: it smashed into the large factory buildings of
the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (Congress Street), which exploded in an
inferno; and it rolled down Lafayette Street and across the water to Derby Street.
There, just beyond Union Street, after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died, having
consumed 250 acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories, and having left three dead and
thousands homeless. Some people were insured, some were not; all received much
support and generous donations from all over the country and the world. The
Salem Fire was one of the greatest urban disasters in the history of the United
States, and the people of Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually,
they did, and many of the former houses and businesses were rebuilt; and several
urban-renewal projects (including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved
removing old houses and widening old streets) were put into effect.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in 1926
was a time of great celebration.
Eventually the organization's name was changed to the N01th Shore Children's
Friend Society. On 13 March 1951, the Society sold all of its property on
Carpenter Street and Gifford Court to two men, Louis P. Dandelen and Alexander
Turkowski, both of Salem (ED 3810:381). The new owners subdivided the
property.
At about that time, the arrival of suburban shopping malls and the relocation of
manufacturing businesses took their toll on Salem, as they have with many other
cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward into the present with
success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the witch trials, but also from
its history as a great seaport and as the home of Derby, Pickering, Bowditch,
Mcintire, Bentley, Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a city where the
homes of the old-time residents and their families are honored as a large part of
what makes Salem different from any other place.
--Robe1t Booth for Historic Salem Inc., 14 Aug. 2002
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The purpose of this program is to raise people's awareness of Salem's pre-1914
architecture and history and those who helped to make it. The final report on your house
will have narrative and documentarv sections. The narrative identifies the house's earlv
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residents and the events of their lives, and relates them to the larger events occurring in
Salem and beyond. It is keyed to primary and secondary sources so that you may be
assured of accuracy. Appended are copies of deeds, atlases, and (sometimes) inventories
of furnishings. The plaque is produced by Historic Salem Inc., which will suggest its
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carpenter Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
7 Carpenter Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
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House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built as the Orphanage of the Seamen’s Orphans & Children’s Friend Society 1878
Creator
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Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
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Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
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Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
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1878, 2002
Contributor
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Robert Booth
Language
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English
1878
2002
7
Aaron
Carpenter
Goldthwait
History
House
Massachusetts
Salem
Street
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/f6b587ca791384618542eb50071f6b15.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=S3R7JHKtREiy2K%7E%7ElFTZPLTvTHIuAQ%7E4j9aKQJsuUt9MF-5mu4WNUdlN2L4-K15kyBLABmyX%7EkQsOap6yeZWZBVIeqG6-rxwmrGS0rQmDAnhjKQucUgSytxxlKpGDGXVLYsogmulcIfe8FfW7O%7EqwQWOZELxOZ%7E%7EeVKDvbfIHhg6oZcBTCPpghKbGQwbDx4giVBzkG3RdO4o9tckK-mfwRxS3UX84USpK3zFeB%7E-spDhz4TZN2wr0lV-xCzkp2wjy-1MV-cJ6DxOladEpeyQ4cOEIv7G2wA6o76RjGJlvVi0KHRtzaCCL2nymrvWlue0R%7E1WC75AzrRycDN4X%7E0Ggw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4c3418f149391efeb451d3c75a135b1e
PDF Text
Text
House at
17 Carlton Street, Sale111
Built c.1808 for Margaret Ellison Bray, widow
Enlarged c.1831 for Benjamin Bray, coach-maker & inventor
Francis P. Ashton, barber, in old age (from photo); he resided here from 1809-1821
(source: Hadley's llist01y of Essex Lodge)
�House at 17 Carlton Street, Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built for Margaret (Ellison)
Bray, widow, c.1808. It was enlarged to the rear c.1831 for Benjamin Bray,
chaise- and coach-maker.
On 26 August 1808 Capt. Benjamin Crowninshield, a Danvers merchant who
was formerly a Salem East India shipmaster, for $600 sold to Margaret Bray of
Salem, a widow, a lot of land in Salem bounded southwesterly 38' on "Carlton's
Street", northwesterly 70' on land of Crowninshield, northeasterly 37' on land of
Crowninshield and ofBerry, southeasterly 70' on land of Ranson (ED 185:226).
The evidence indicates that she had a modest house built: it probably had a
central entrance and a room on either side, with chimneys running up the back
walls to provide heat in all four rooms, and perhaps with kitchen rooms attached
as ells. It was two stories high, likely with a pitch roof.
Margaret Hill Ellison was born in Salem and baptized in 1776 at St. Peter's
(Episcopal) Church, the daughter of John Ellison and his wife Elizabeth Ulmer.
John Ellison was an Englishman, born in London; he came as a young man to
Salem, and in 1762 married Elizabeth Ulmer, the granddaughter of Rev. Mr.
Ulmer, who had come as a preacher from Germany c. 1700 and settled in Maine.
The Ellisons had several children, of whom those surviving infancy were Mary,
Rebecca, George, Elizabeth, and Margaret, and John, Jr. John Ellison fought as a
rebel in the War of the Revolution (1775-1783), both as a soldier and later as a
sailor. By 1783 he was in business as a ship-rigger in the East Parish, and in
1798 became a town watchman (policeman). Mrs. Elizabeth (Ulmer) Ellison
would live until October, 1808 (died at age 69) and Capt. Ellison, a watchman in
his last years, lived until March, 1812. He would die at age 74, lamented by many
and characterized by Rev. William Bentley as "a man of great integrity and good
reputation."
In March, 1794, Margaret H. Ellison, 18, married Benjamin Bray, 19. Between
1795 and 1807 they would have seven children, mostly boys. The Brays resided
on Hardy Street, in the old Diman house.
In 1800, Salem was still a town, and a small one by our standards, with a total
population of about 9,500. Its politics were fierce, as the Federalists squared off
against the Democratic Republicans (led by the Crowninshields and comprised of
�the sailors and fishermen). The two factions attended separate churches, held
separate parades, and supported separate schools, military companies, and
newspapers (the Crowninshield-backed Impartial Register started in 1800).
Salem's merchants resided mainly on two streets: Washington (which ended in a
wharf on the Inner Harbor, and, above Essex, had the Town House in the middle)
and Essex (particularly between what are now Hawthorne Boulevard and North
Streets). The East Parish (Derby Street area) was for the seafaring families,
shipmasters, sailors, and fishermen. In the 1790s, Federal Street, known as New
Street, had more empty lots than fine houses. Chestnut Street did not exist: its
site was a meadow, backlands for the Pickerings on Broad Street and the old
estates of Essex Street. The Common, not yet Washington Square, had small
ponds and swamps, and was covered with hillocks and utility buildings and the
town alms-house. In the later 19th century, Salem's manufacturing-based
prosperity would sweep almost all of the great downtown houses away.
The town's merchants were among the wealthiest in the country, and, in Samuel
Mcintire, they had a local architect who could help them realize their desires for
large and beautiful homes in the latest style. While a few of the many new
houses built in the next ten years went up in the old Essex-Washington Street
axis, most were erected on or near Washington Square or in the Federalist "west
end" (Chestnut, Federal, and upper Essex Streets). The architectural style (called
"Federal" today) had been developed years before in the Adam brothers in
England and featured fanlight doorways, palladian windows, elongated pilasters
and columns, and large windows. It was introduced to New England by Charles
Bulfinch upon his return from England in 1790. The State House in Boston was
his first institutional composition; and soon Beacon Hill was being built up with
handsome residences in the Bulfinch manner.
Samuel Mcintire, carver and housewright, was quick to pick up on the style and
adapt it to Salem's larger lots. Mcintire's first local composition, the Jerathmeel
Peirce house (on Federal Street), contrasts greatly with his later Adamesque
compositions. The interiors of this Adam style differed from the "Georgian" and
Post-Colonial: in place of walls of wood paneling, there now appeared plastered
expanses painted in bright colors or covered in bold wallpapers. The Adam style
put a premium on handsome casings and carvings of central interior features such
door-caps and chimney-pieces (Mcintire's specialty). On the exterior, the Adam
style included elegant fences; and the houses were often built of brick, with
attenuated porticoes and, in the high style, string courses, swagged panels, and
even two-story pilasters. The best example of the new style was the Elias Hasket
�Derby house, co-designed by Bulfinch and Mcintire, and built on Essex Street in
1799 (demolished in 1815), on the site of today's Town House Square.
Salem's commerce created great wealth, which in tum attracted many newcomers
from outlying towns and even other states. A new bank, the Salem Bank, was
formed in 1803, and there were two insurance companies and several societies
and associations. The fierce politics and commercial rivalries continued. The
ferment of the times is captured in the diary of Rev. William Bentley, bachelor
minister of Salem's East Church (it stood on Essex Street, near Washington
Square), and editor of the Register newspaper. Mr. Bentley's diary is full of
references to the civic and commercial doings of the town, and to the lives and
behaviors of all classes of society. On Union Street, not far from Mr. Bentley's
church, on the fourth of July, 1804, was born a boy who would grow up to
eclipse all sons of Salem in the eyes of the world: Nathaniel Hawthorne, who~e
father would die of fever while on a voyage to the Caribbean in 1808. This kind
of untimely death was all too typical of Salem's young seafarers, who fell prey to
malaria and other diseases of the Caribbean and Pacific tropics.
In 1806 the Derbys extended their wharf far out into the harbor, tripling its
previous length. This they did to create more space for warehouses and shipberths in the deeper water, at just about the time that the Crowninshields had built
their great India Wharf at the foot of English Street. The other important
wharves were Forrester's (now Central, just west of Derby Wharf), and Union
Wharf (formerly Long Wharf), extending from the foot of Union Street, west of
Forrester's Wharf. To the west of Union Wharf, a number of smaller wharves
extended into the South River (filled in during the late 1800s), all the way to the
foot of Washington Street. Among the most important of these were Ward's,
Ome's, and Joseph Peabody's, which extended from the foot of what is now
Hawthorne Boulevard. Each of the smaller wharves had a warehouse or two,
shops for artisans (coopers, blockmakers, joiners, etc.). The waterfront between
Union Street and Washington Street also had lumber yards and several ship
chandleries and distilleries, with a Market House at the foot of Central Street,
below the Custom House. The wharves and streets were crowded with shoppers,
hawkers, sailors, artisans ("mechanics"), storekeepers, and teamsters; and just
across the way, on Stage Point along the south bank of the South River, wooden
barks and brigs and ships were being built in the shipyards. Perhaps Benjamin
Bray, a boatbuilder and shipwright, worked there, or perhaps he had his own
small shipyard, or worked at Becket's, off Becket Street.
�Salem's boom came to an end with a crash in January, 1808, when Jefferson and
the Congress imposed an embargo on all American shipping in hopes of
forestalling war with Britain. The Embargo, which was widely opposed in New
England, proved futile and nearly ruinous in Salem, where commerce ceased and
families began to wonder how they would survive. In the midst of this
uncertainty, Benjamin Bray, 33, fell ill; and on June 3, 1808, he died of
consumption (pneumonia or tuberculosis), "a worthy man" (per Rev. Wm.
Bentley), leaving Margaret with the care of several young children, including
infants. Joseph Lambert, gentleman, became guardian of some of the Bray
children.
In August, 1808, Mrs. Margaret Bray bought the house-lot on Carlton Street. In
the winter of 1808-9, Mrs. Bray, 30, was courted by a newcomer in Salem,
Francisco Paolo Astranan, 26, a barber from Sicily who had arrived in Salem in
September in the Salem ship Traveller, Capt. Richard Ward Jr. (see Ship
Registers ofDistrict ofSalem & Beverly). Mr. Astranan went by the "Englished"
name of Francis P. Ashton, and started a successful barbering business in Salem.
He and Margaret wed on 29 January 1809; and they would have at least two
children, Lucy Ann and Micalah (born 1817; Francisco's mother's name; it was
handed down in the family but was usually written Mickaler! ). (Info on Mr.
Ashton from 1 Dec. 1865 obituary, Salem Gazette, and from p. 106, H.P.
Hadley's 200 Years ofMasonry in Essex Lodge; photo).
Other Italians had settled in Salem at about this time. Peter Barras, a mariner and
shopkeeper, was here, as was Michele F. Come, a noted painter of seascapes,
who resided on Charter Street and taught painting, did decorative painting of
houses interiors and ship-cabins, and sold his artworks. Joseph Monarch, a
mariner, of Naples, also settled in Salem, and probably was a very close friend of
Francis Ashton. Mr. Monarch named one of his sons Francis Ashton in his
honor; that son later changed his name to Francis M. Ashton. In January, 1817,
Mr. Ashton loaned $200 to Joseph Monarch to help him buy a house (ED
212:206).
As a hotbed of Democratic-Republicanism, Salem's East Parish and its seafarers,
led by the Crowninshields, loyally supported the Embargo until it was lifted in
spring, 1809. Shunned by the other Salem merchants for his support of the
Embargo, the eminent merchant William "Billy" Gray took his large fleet of
ships-fully one-third of Salem's tonnage--and moved to Boston. Gray's move
to Boston permanently eliminated much of Salem's wealth, shipping, importexport cargoes, and local employment. Gray soon switched from the Federalist
�party and was elected Lt. Governor under Gov. Elbridge Gerry, a native of
Marblehead.
In this new house (assuming it was standing by 1809), the Bray children were
growing up, although it is possible that some were sent to live with relatives.
Margaret Hill Ellison (1776-1819), d/o Capt. John Ellison & Elizabeth Ulmer,
died "suddenly" 6July1819 and was buried at Charter Street Graveyard. She
m. 2March1794 Benjamin Bray (1775-1808), son of John Bray & Eunice
Becket, died of consumption on 3June1808. She m/2 29 Jan. 1809 Francisco
P. Astranan (Francis P. Ashton) (1783-1865) born 5 Feb. 1783 Palermo, Sicily,
s/o Thomas Astranan & Michela Campanella, died 26 Nov. 1865 in Salem. He
m/2 5 Dec. 1819 Rachel (Gwinn) Hall (1789-1850+), d/o Thaddeus Gwinn &
Mercy Beadle of Salem. Known issue ofMargaret, surnames Bray and
Ashton:
1. John Bray, 1795 (m. 1817 Margaret Roundy) Boston printer 1821.
2. Benjamin Bray, 1797, died of quinsy 20 Jan. 1799, aged 15 months
3. Margaret Bray, m. 1820 Jonathan C. Taylor, Salem boatbuilder 1821,
pump & block-maker later
4. Eliza Bray, m. David Robinson, Boston horse-letter
5. Benjamin Bray, 1801, m. 8 Sept.1825 Mary Lane
6. Daniel Bray, Salem mariner 1826 (m. 1828 Pheba Skidmore)
7. William Bray
8. Lucy Ann Ashton, m. William N. Nassau; issue
a. W.N. Nassau Jr.
b. Arethusa W. Nassau.
9. Mica/ah (Mickelar) Ashton, 1817, hp 1824, m. Mr. Snow; issue
a. Mickelar Ashton Snow (b.1836) m. Jonathan Davis
b. Margaret Ellison Snow
c. Francis P.A. Snow (b. 1846)
d. James F. Snow m. Sophia E.
The house was owned by Margaret alone, and not with her second husband Mr.
Ashton, who was noted for his uprightness and high standards and may have
refused to take an ownership interest in the house in order to ensure that his stepchildren received an inheritance. His barber shop was likely situated in this
house. The 1812 real estate valuations are the first to note Mr. Ashton's presence
in Salem (Mrs. Margaret Ashton, the owner, was not listed in the valuations of
�1809-1811 either). In 1812 (ward one) he was listed as "Francis F.A. Ashton,
barber," and paid taxes on "part house & shop" worth $300 and $100 in income.
In 1813 he was listed as Francis P. Ashton, with identical property and values.
Salem resumed its seafaring commerce for three years after the end of the
Embargo, but still the British preyed on American shipping; and in June, 1812,
war was declared against Britain. Although Salem had opposed the war as being
potentially ruinous and primarily for the benefit of the southern and western warhawk states, yet when war came, Salem swiftly fitted out 40 privateers manned
by Marblehead and Salem crews, who also served on U.S. Navy vessels,
including the Constitution. Many more could have been sent against the British,
but some of the Federalist anti-war merchants held their vessels back. In
addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and artillery. Salem and
Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making prizes of British supply
vessels. While some were wounded in engagements, and some were killed, the
possible riches of privateering kept the men returning to sea as often as possible.
The first prizes were captured by a 30-ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame,
and by a 14-ton luxury yacht fitted with one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem
privateers, the Crowninshields' 350-ton ship America was the most successful.
She captured 30-plus prizes worth more than $1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the British warships
that cruised these waters. In June, 1813, off Marblehead Neck, the British frigate
Shannon defeated the U.S. Navy frigate Chesapeake. The Federalists would not
allow their churches to be used for the funeral of the Chesapeake's slain
commander, James Lawrence ("Don't give up the ship!"). Almost a year later, in
April, 1814, the people gathered along the shores of Salem Neck as three sails
appeared on the horizon and came sailing on for Salem Bay. These vessels
proved to be the mighty Constitution in the lead, pursued by the smaller British
frigates Tenedos and Endymion. The breeze was light, and the British vessels
gained, but Old Ironsides made it safely into Marblehead Harbor, to the cheers of
thousands.
On land, the war went poorly for the United States, as the British captured
Washington, DC, and burned the Capitol and the White House. Along the
western frontier, U.S. forces were successful against the weak English forces;
and, as predicted by many, the western expansionists had their day. At sea, as
time wore on, Salem's vessels often were captured, and its men imprisoned or
killed. After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town dry, and the
menfolk were disappearing. Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British
�prison-ships and at Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in
1814, New England Federalist delegates met to consider what they could do to
bring the war to a close and to restore the region's commerce. Sen. Timothy
Pickering of Salem led the extreme Federalists in proposing a series of demands
which, if not met by the federal government, could lead to New England's
seceding from the United States; but the Pickering faction was countered by
Harrison G. Otis of Boston and his moderates, who prevailed in sending a
conciliatory message to Congress.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored.
Post-war, the Salem merchants rebuilt their fleets and resumed their worldwide
trade, slowly at first, and then to great effect. The eldest Bray son, John, may
have fought, as a teenager, on privateers. After the war he became a printer, and
in 1817 married Margaret Roundy. They soon had a first child, a daughter; and
at just that time John's mother, Margaret Ashton, 42, had her last child, a
daughter named Micalah. Mr. Ashton had continued to prosper in his work as
barber and hair-dresser. In February, 1818, he joined Essex Lodge of Masons.
In July, 1819, at the age of 44, Mrs. Margaret H. (Ellison) Bray Ashton died,
probably at home. The effect on her children, some of them quite young, may be
imagined. Like most men of that time, Mr. Ashton sought a new wife to help him
raise the children; and on 5 December 1819 he married Rachel (Gwinn) Hall. In
1809 she had married Spence Hall, who had died in 1816. Evidently the Halls
had had no children. Rachel now became step-mother to the Bray and Ashton
children. In 1820 the house was occupied as a duplex, with families headed by
Francis Ashton and his step-son John Bray (1820 census, p. 40). Mr. Ashton's
family consisted of himself, his new wife, and two little girls, probably Lucy Ann
and Micalah. Mr. Bray's family consisted of himself, his wife, and a little girl.
The other Bray children were living elsewhere, perhaps as apprentices or in the
family of their sister, Margaret, who married Jonathan Taylor in 1820.
In March, 1821, the Probate Court set off to the little Ashton girls the north front
room and the north kitchen and a small piece of land at the northwest part of the
house lot, with certain rights to pass to and fro over the other land (ED 227:46).
This left the rest of the property in the ownership of the Bray siblings. It is likely
that Mr. Ashton and his new wife and his two daughters moved elsewhere in
1820-1. In November, 1820, he (through a trustee) purchased for $180 a plot of
land on Bridge Street, near Pleasant, and he moved a building onto there to serve
as his house and barber shop (ED 224:221). It seems likely that the two Ashton
�rooms were rented out to John Bullock (1781-1854), a laborer who lived here
with his wife Elizabeth (Cloutman) Bullock, and their daughters Elizabeth and
Mary Ann.
Into the 1820s the foreign trade continued prosperous; and new markets were
opened with Madagascar (1820), which supplied tallow and ivory, and Zanzibar
(1825), whence came gum copal, used to make varnish. This opened a huge and
lucrative trade in which Salem dominated, and its vessels thus gained access to
all of the east African ports. The pre-war partisan politics of the town were not
resumed post-war, as the middle-class "mechanics" (artisans) became more
powerful and brought about civic harmony, largely through the Salem Charitable
Mechanic Association (founded 1817). Salem's general maritime foreign
commerce fell off sharply in the late 1820s. Imports, which were the cargoes in
Salem ships, were supplanted by American goods, now being produced in great
quantities. The interior of the country was being opened for settlement, and
many Salemites moved away to these new lands of opportunity. To the north, the
falls of the Merrimack River powered large new textile mills (Lowell was
founded in 1823 ), which created great wealth for their investors; and in general it
seemed that the tide of opportunity was ebbing away from Salem. In an
ingenious attempt to stem the flow of talent from the town and to harness its
potential water power for manufacturing, Salem's merchants and capitalists
banded together in 1826 to raise the money to dam the North River for industrial
power. The project, which began with much promise, was suspended Gust before
construction began) in 1827, which demoralized the town even more, and caused
several Salemites to move to Boston, the hub of investment in the new economy.
Mr. Ashton was among them, as were John Bray and his sister Mrs. Eliza Bray
Robinson; but most of the Brays stayed in Salem.
On 1 Sept. 1821 Jonathan C. Taylor, Salem pump- and block-maker, paid $200 to
John Bray, printer, and David Robinson, horse-letter, and wife Eliza, all of
Boston, for their 2/6 interest in a half-house and its lot of land on Carlton Street
(ED 236:260). This gave the Taylors a half-interest in the homestead; they
probably resided here for a few years, in the southwest end of the house (which
seems to have been set off to them), and then purchased and moved into a house
on nearby Neptune Street (part of Charter Street nearest Derby Street). On 22
February 1825 the Taylors for $300 sold to Benjamin Bray, a Salem coach- and
chaise-body maker, their 3/6 undivided interest in the dwelling house and other
buildings on a lot in Carlton Street. The lot fronted 25' on the street and ran back
about 70' deep, where it made an ell. Certain parts of the house and land were
�still reserved to the Ashton girls (ED 236:259). The lot was bounded on the
northwest on the other half of the house and on the southeast by land of Ranson.
On 15 May 1826 Daniel Bray 3d, Salem mariner, for $100 sold his one-sixth of
the premises to Benjamin Bray, who also bought (on 8 July 1826 for $100) the
1/6 right of William Bray, Salem mariner (ED 240:232, 243: 93). Thus Benjamin
Bray, Salem coach and chaise-body maker, acquired the last outstanding shares
in the homestead (other than the Ashtons'), which he now owned.
The younger Brays, William and Daniel, who grew up here, had interesting
careers as sailors. Daniel, a mariner, married Pheba Skidmore in 1828 and
resided at 21 Becket Street in 1836 and 1841, and at 104 Essex Street in 1845.
His brother, William Bray, had been involved in one of the most notorious
episodes in Salem's long seafaring history. In May, 1830, William Bray, aged
about 25, sailed as ship's carpenter on board the Silsbee, Pickman & Stone ship
Friendship, Capt. Charles M. Endicott and a crew of 16, bound to Sumatra to
trade for pepper. Having arrived on the west coast of their destination, they kept
guard against the often-hostile Malays as the pepper (300,000 lbs. for William
Silsbee) was loaded on the ship, anchored about % mile off the port of Quallah
Battoo. One hot morning, while the captain and a few of the crew were on shore,
a boatload Malays came alongside with pepper and were allowed to come on
board the Friendship to help in loading. The mate did not heed his crewmen's
alarm at the number of natives on the decks. Suddenly they attacked, using their
razor-sharp "creese" swords to kill and wound several of the Salem men. Cut off
from guns and handspikes on board, four of the crew jumped overboard. William
Bray and his three companions swam two miles to a remote point, and hid,
naked, in the jungle. Traveling by night and enduring scorching sunburns as they
hid in low brush by day, they spent four days without food and with little drink,
and finally arrived at the house of a friendly rajah, Po Adam, who joyfully
informed them that the Friendship had been re-taken by Captain Endicott and a
group from two other American vessels. Four other crewmen had also escaped to
the shore, one of them badly hurt: Charles Converse, grievously wounded in the
initial assault, had pulled himself up the anchor chains at night and dragged
himself on board the vessel, where he was thought to be dead and left
undisturbed until the Americans re-took the Friendship. The others (five) had
been slain. In the next year, the frigate Potomac was dispatched to Quallah
Battoo, whose forts were taken and destroyed and many Malays killed. For more
information about this episode, see G.G. Putnam's article in EIHC 57, among
other sources.
�In 1830 (census, p. 374) the Benjamin Brays and John Bullocks resided here. In
that year a horrifying crime brought disgrace to Salem. Old Capt. Joseph White,
a wealthy merchant, owned and resided in the house now called the GardnerPingree house, on Essex Street. One night, intruders broke into his mansion and
stabbed him to death. All of Salem buzzed with the news of murderous thugs;
but the killer was a Crowninshield (a local crime-boss who killed himself at the
Salem Jail), hired by his friends, Capt. White's own relatives, Capt. Joseph
Knapp and his brother Frank (they were executed by hanging). The results of the
investigation and trial uncovered much that was lurid about Salem, and more of
the respectable families quit the notorious town.
15 March 1831 Benjamin Bray, Salem coach and chaisebody maker for $1500
mortgaged to Peter E. Webster, Salem trader, the dwelling house and land on
Carlton Street (excepting Lucy Ann & Merchaler Ashton's portion) (ED
259:106). With the mortgage money, Mr. Bray evidently enlarged the house by
raising the roofline in front and extending it as a two-story leanto toward the rear,
thus adding three or four new small rooms in back. It is likely that the chimneys
(as indicated by the brick foundation arches in the cellar), which had once run up
the end wall of the original house, remained in place and had fireplaces facing
back into the new rooms as well forward into the old rooms.
Benjamin Bray was thirty in 1831, and operated a coach-making business with a
workshop (by 1836) at 15 Union Street. In 1825 he had married Mary Lane; and
they had three daughters by 1835. Mary (Lane) Bray was born in Salem in 1801,
the daughter of shipmaster Capt. William Lane and his wife Elizabeth Brown of
Derby Street. Mary had two older sisters and four younger brothers. Her
grandfather, Nicholas Lane, a sailmaker, had come to Salem from Gloucester.
By 1836, the house was occupied by the Benjamin Brays and by the John
Bullocks (see 1837 Salem Directory). Artisans and laborers like Messrs. Bray
and Bullock looked on with concern as Salem's remaining merchants moved
quickly to take their equity out of wharves and warehouses and ships and put it
into manufacturing and transportation, as the advent of railroads and canals in the
1830s diverted both capital and trade away from the coast. Some merchants did
not make the transition, and were ruined. Old-line areas of work, like ropemaking, sail-making, and ship chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared.
Well into the 1830s, Salem slumped badly.
Despite all, Salem was chartered as a city in 1836. City Hall was built 1837-8
and the city seal was adopted with an already-anachronistic Latin motto of "to the
�farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!" The Panic
of 183 7, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even more
Salem families to head west in search of fortune and a better future. Salem had
not prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages. The North
River served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste from the many
tanneries (23 by 1832) that had set up along its banks. Throughout the 1830s, the
leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy for their fellow citizens,
many of whom were mariners without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity,
ambition, and hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant
built in 1818 in North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and blue
vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business. Salem's whalefishery, active for many years in the early 1800s, led, in the 1830s, to the
manufacturing of high-quality candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils.
The candles proved very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and
grew large after 1830, when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River were
retooled for making high-quality white lead and sheet lead (the approach to
Marblehead is still called Lead Mills Hill, although the empty mill buildings
burned down in 1960s).
These enterprises were a start toward taking Salem in a new direction. In 183 8
the Eastern Rail Road began operating between Boston and Salem, which gave
the people of Salem and environs a direct route to the region's largest market.
The new railroad tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond; the tunnel
under Washington Street was built in 1839; and the line was extended to
Newburyport in 1840. Mr. Bray's coach-making business was hurt by the
railroad, for the stagcoach lines to Boston and other places were rendered all but
unnecessary. Mr. Bray could not repay the Webster mortgage; and Mr. Webster
foreclosed. In July, 1839, Mr. Webster agreed to convey the premises to Mrs.
Mary L. Bray for Mr. Bray's payment of unpaid balance, $450, in monthly $20
installments (ED 452:196). The Bullocks remained the tenants in the house, and
were joined there by Mrs. Bullock's sister, Sarah Cloutman, a tailoress.
In the 1840s, new companies in new lines of business arose in Salem. The
tanning and curing of leather was a very important industry by the mid-1800s. It
was conducted on and near Boston Street, along the upper North River. There
were 41 tanneries in 1844, and 85 in 1850, employing 550 hands. The leather
business would continue to grow in importance throughout the 1800s. Iri 1846
�the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company completed the construction at Stage Point
of the largest factory building in the United States, 60' wide by 400' long. It was
an immediate success, and hundreds of people found employment there, many of
them living in industrial tenements built nearby. Also in the 1840s, a new method
was introduced to make possible high-volume industrial shoe production. In
Lynn, the factory system was perfected, and that city became the nation's leading
shoe producer. Salem had shoe factories too, and attracted shoe workers from
outlying towns and country areas. Even the population changed, as hundreds of
Irish families, fleeing the Famine, settled in Salem; and the-men went to work in
the factories and as laborers.
During the 1840s, with a family of six children to support, Benjamin Bray drew
on his considerable ingenuity to modernize his coach-building business. He was
a talented designer, and applied himself to improving the functioning of windows
and window curtains. Two of his creations were clever enough to earn him
patents. He participated in the first Exhibition of the Salem Charitable Mechanic
Association at the Mechanic Hall, on Essex Street at Crombie Street, in
September, 1849; and there was awarded a diploma in the category of New
Inventions. The diploma was accompanied by the following appraisal by the
judges:
"Car Window Spring and Curtain Fixtures, by Benjamin Bray of Salem.
This is an ingenious application of springs and rollers to window sashes, to
prevent the friction which sometimes occurs, and to allow them to be elevated
or depressed with ease, at the same time, by a simple contrivance, the
window remains suspended at any point of elevation. Something of this kind
would be of very obvious utility in the construction of our car windows,
which are often obstinately fixed at a point, in spite of the efforts of the
conductors and passengers to open or close them. The objection that the
rattling of the cars would continually tend to close the window is theoretically
removed by a contrivance which puts the window in equilibrium with the
spring, and thus produces the same condition as of the weights and pulleys in
the common house window.
"The arrangement of the curtain, though not altogether new in principle,
is, so far as the knowledge of the Committee extends, new in its application
to window curtains, and seems to possess decided advantages over those in
common use. By closing completely at the sides, it not only excludes the
sun, but also operates favorably as a double window to exclude the cold air,
thus contributing materially to comfort of our parlors."
�The talented Mr. Bray also exhibited "a machine for cutting tapered plugs of any
size." These inventions evidently raised the Bray family out of their financial
difficulties, and gave the family a good level of comfort.
Benjamin Bray (born 1801, son ofBenjamin Bray & Margaret Hill Ellison) m.
1825 Mary Lane (born 1801, dlo William Lane & Elizabeth Brown). Known
issue, surname Bray:
1. Mary E., 1826
2. Sarah E., 1831
3. Micalar, 1834
4. Edward L., 1837, mariner 1860
5. WilliamM., 1839, mariner 1860
6. George, 1844
In 1850, the house was occupied by the Benjamin Bray family in % of the rooms,
and by the Bullock sisters, Elizabeth, 38, and Mary Ann, 36, seamstresses, in one
unit, and, in another unit, by the Bullocks' aunt, Miss Sarah Cloutman, 59, a
tailoress (1850 census, ward one, house 192). In 1851, Mr. & Mrs. Bray paid off
the money owed ($375) to Mr. Webster, who had died (ED 452:197, 458:30).
Mr. Bray had made the transition from a coach-builder to a manufacturer of
curtain fixtures. He continued to prosper in the 1850s. In August, 1859, for $100
he purchased from Lucy Ann (Ashton) Nassau her right in the property, and the
right of one of the heirs of her sister, Merchalor (Ashton) Snow (ED 591 :299).
He evidently purchased the other three Ashton-Snow rights, and thus came into
ownership of the Ashton rooms and land, and so owned the whole house and its
lot. With this purchase and the Bray take-over of the Ashton rooms, the Misses
Bullock and their aunt Cloutman moved elsewhere. In 1860 the Benjamin Bray
family resided here, including the three sons, Edward, William, and George, of
whom the first two were sailors (1860 census, house 1247).
Mr. Francis P. Ashton, who had left for Boston about 1825 with his wife Rachel
and little daughters, had prospered in the metropolis, and had saved a good deal
of money. In September, 1834, he had sold his Bridge Street house and shop for
$1100 (ED 278:54). By 1845 he was ready to retire from hair-dressing in
Boston, and he looked to Salem. In March, 1845, he paid $1200 for a house and
land on Dearborn Street, North Salem, and moved back to the town where he had
first arrived from Sicily in 1808. By 1850 he and his wife Rachel were caring for
two of his grandchildren, Mickler Ashton Snow, 13, and Francis P. Ashton Snow,
�four, who lived in their home (1850 census, ward four, house 96). Mr. Ashton
had enough money at that time that he was loaning it out at interest (ED 437:266)
and was "dispensing great sums of money in acts of private charity" (per his
obituary).
Salem continued to change in the 1850s. Some members of Salem's waning
merchant class continued to pursue their sea-borne businesses; but even the
conditions of shipping changed, and Salem was left on the ebb tide. In the late
1840s, giant clipper ships replaced the smaller vessels that Salem men had sailed
around the world; and the clippers, with their deep drafts and large holds, were
usually too large for Salem and its harbor. The town's shipping soon consisted of
little more than Zanzibar-trade vessels and visits from Down East coasters with
cargoes of fuel wood and building timber. By 1850 Salem was about finished as
a working port. A picture of Salem's sleepy waterfront is given by Hawthorne in
his "introductory section" (really a sketch of Salem) to The Scarlet Letter,
which he began while working in the Custom House.
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years, during which
hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy, and many were killed or
died of disease or abusive treatment while imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered
wounds, or broken health. The people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to
alleviate the suffering of the soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was
great celebration when the war finally ended in the spring of 1865.
During the war years, the Bray family moved to Boston. By 1865, the house was
occupied by one Parker Bray and by Charles Fillebrown, 29, a varnisher &
polisher, wife Mary E., 28, and son Charles H., seven (1865 census, Ward One,
house 469). Charles Fillebrown had been a brave soldier during the war, and had
served as a private, from Salem, in July, 1862, in Co. G, First Regiment, Mass.
Volunteer Heavy Artillery. The Regiment was assigned to ordinary duty in forts
near Washington, DC, for a year and more. The outfit saw its first action in the
spring of 1864. At the Battle of Harris Farm, in Virginia, on May 19, the
Regiment lost 54 men killed (Major Rolfe included) and 312 wounded, with 27
missing. The outfit remained in the campaign against Petersburg, and on June 16,
lost 25 killed and 132 wounded in an ill-fated assault on the entrenchments.
Charles Fillebrown was one of those wounded. His wounds were evidently
severe, and he was mustered out in July, 1864. (see Mass. Soldiers, Sailors,
Marines in Civil War, 5:610). He resided at One Carlton Street by 1870.
�Francis P. Ashton, 82, survived to see the end of the Civil War. He died in
November, 1865. In his obituary (1 Dec. 1865 Salem Gazette) it was satted that
he retired from business in the 1840s and lived in retirement on Dearborn Street,
making many charitable donations so that "many a poor family now sincerely
mourns his loss. He was guided through life by a strict, stem, unbending moral
principle, and for this he was honored and respected by all."
Through the 1860s and 1870s, Salem continued to pursue a manufacturing
course. The managers and capitalists tended to builp their new, grand houses
along Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of Roslyn Street).
For the workers, they built more and more tenements near the mills of Stage
Point. A second, larger, factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton
Company would be added in 1859, and a third in 1865; and by 1879 the mills
would employ 1200 people and produce annually 14,700,000 yards of cloth.
Shoe-manufacturing also continued to expand, and by 1880 Salem would have 40
shoe factories employing 600-plus operatives. More factories and more people
required more space for buildings, more roads, and more storage areas.
In 1870 this was the residence of the Stickneys and Mearas. Charles Stickney,
21, a currier in the leather industry, and his new bride Minnie, 20, born in New
Brunswick. Sherman T. Meara, 35, born in Ireland, was a shoe-factory worker;
he lived here with his wife Eugenia E., 32 (born in Mass.), son Frank S., four,
and William Jones, 22, a boarder, born in Maine and working as a teamster (1870
census, ward one, house 139). Mr. Meara was a veteran of the Civil War. In
1862, a bootmaker residing at Tisbury, he had enlisted as a private in the 43d
Regiment, Mass. Volunteer Infantry, for nine months' service, which occurred in
and around Newbern, North Carolina. His regiment saw some skirmishing but
mainly did guard duty. He (a bootmaker of North Bridgewater) enlisted again, in
November, 1863, in the Second Regiment, Mass. Volunteer Heavy Artillery.
This regiment had some Salem officers: Major Samuel C. Oliver (later Lt. Col.)
and Surgeon, Dr. James A. Emmerton. Mr. Meara's Company H was posted to
Fort Monroe, North Carolina, in December, 1863, and in April, 1864, was
engaged in a battle with Gen. Hoke's rebels. After brave resistance, Co. G and
Co. H, 275 men, were captured by the Rebels, and the men sent off to
Confederate prisons, where most of the men died in sub-human conditions. Mr.
Meara escaped from prison on Feb. 22 and made his way back to his regiment,
where he was promoted to sergeant and served out the war at Newbern. He was
mustered out on 8 July 1865, and soon after came to Salem (see MSSMCW,
4:268, 5 :732).
�On 17 September 1874 Mrs. Mary Lane Bray, widow of Benjamin Bray, of
Boston, for $1825 sold to John Collins of Salem, the house and land here fronting
38' on Carlton Street (ED 912:226). Thus, after more than 60 years, the
homestead passed out of the family ownership.
The new owner, Mr. Collins, 44, was a laborer, born in Ireland. He and his wife
Catherine, 54, had a daughter, Mary Ann, 20. They made the house a duplex,
and rented out one unit to tenants. By 1880 the Collins family lived here in one
unit (Mary Ann, 26, was working as a cigar maker); while in the other lived a
widower, William Kane, 45, tinsmith, born in Ireland (he had come to Mass. by
1856), and his children William Jr., 23, a barber, daughter Nellie, 21, a
dressmaker, and sons John, 18, cigar maker, James, 11, and Thomas, 7 (1880
census). The Kanes were still here in 1884, when Mr. Kane had his tinsmith's
shop at 31 Central Street, on the inner harbor.
About 1882 Mary Ann Collins married Bartholomew N. Flynn, a laborer; but Mr.
Flynn died on 12 Aril 1885 leaving her a young widow. In 1885-6 the house was
occupied by the Collinses, Mrs. Flynn, and William Martin, who worked at the
gas works off Bridge Street (Salem Directory). John Collins, the owner, died in
the late 1880s; and by 1890 the residents here were his widow Catherine, his
widowed dughter Mary Ann Flynn, cigar maker, and Henry Randall, a
"yachtsman" probably meaning a crewman on a yacht (see Directory).
After withstanding the pressures of the new industrial city for about 50 years,
Salem's rivers began to disappear. The once-broad North River was filled from
both shores, and became a canal along Bridge Street above the North Bridge.
The large and beautiful Mill Pond, which occupied the whole area between the
present Jefferson A venue, Canal Street, and Loring A venue, finally vanished
beneath streets, storage areas, junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots. The South
River, too, with its epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a Custom
House built there in 1805) disappeared under the pavement of Riley Plaza and
New Derby Street, and its old wharves (even the mighty Union Wharf, formerly
Long Wharf, at the foot of Union Street) were joined together with much in-fill
and turned into coal-yards and lumber-yards. Only a canal was left, running in
from Derby and Central Wharves to Lafayette Street.
By 1893 William G. Dodge, shoemaker, and family, were the tenants, while Mrs.
Collins and Mrs. Flynn occupied the other unit. In March, 1895, Mrs. Ctaherine
Collins conveyed the premises to her daughter, Mrs. Mary Ann Flynn (ED
1437:294). Mrs. Collins evidently died in the next two years. Mrs Flynn would
�continue to live here for another 50 years, with various tenants moving in and
out. By 1897 the tenants were Michael E. Tivnan, a morocco dresser (leatherworker) and Miss Clara J. Tivnan, a shoe-stitcher, probably with their mother,
Marie, a nurse, widow of Michael Tivnan. Mrs. Tivnan lived here through 1906,
and by 1908 had moved to 4 Messervy Street with her children (Charles, Clara,
and Joseph, a police officer).
Salem kept building infrastructure; and new businesses arose, and established
businesses expanded. Retail stores prospered, and machinists, carpenters,
millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. Starting in the 1870s, FrenchCanadian families began coming to work in Salem's mills and factories, and
more houses and tenements were built in what had been open areas of the city.
The Canadians were followed in the early 20th century by large numbers of Polish
and Ukrainian families, who settled primarily in the Derby Street neighborhood.
By the eve of World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported
large department stores and large factories of every description. Its politics were
lively, and its economy was strong.
The owner, Mrs. Flynn, lived here alone in 1907-8. By 1911 her tenant was Mrs.
Joanna Leahy, widow of James. In 1913-1914 Mrs. Mary Ann Collins Flynn was
alone here again. On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston
Street opposite Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden
tanneries. This fire soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the
west wind was high and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire,
and the next, and out of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous
front of flame and smoke, wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street,
and upper Broad Street, and then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop,
Endicott, and other residential streets. Men and machines could not stop it: the
enormous fire crossed over into South Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods
west of Lafayette Street, then devoured the mansions of Lafayette Street itself,
and raged onward into the tenement district. Despite the combined efforts of
heroic fire crews from many towns and cities, the fire overwhelmed everything in
its path: it smashed into the large factory buildings of the Naumkeag Steam
Cotton Company (Congress Street), which exploded in an inferno; and it rolled
down Lafayette Street and across the water to Derby Street. There, just beyond
Union Street, after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died, having consumed 250
acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories, and leaving three dead and thousands
homeless. Some people had insurance, some did not; all received much support
and generous donations from all over the country and the world. It was one of
the greatest urban disasters in the history of the United States, and the people of
�Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually, they did, and many of the
former houses and businesses were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal projects
(including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved removing old houses and
widening old streets) were put into effect.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in 1926
was a time of great celebration. Mrs. Mary Ann (Collins) Flynn lived here
through 1942, with various tenants (in 1920, Emma & Wladislaw Zawacki, a
shoeworker, & family; in 1942 Edward N. Tripp and wife Lillian, who ran the
Salem Recreation Craft Shop in the rear of the house). In 1943 the Salem
Savings Bank took possession of the premises; Mrs. Flynn moved out but the
Tripps stayed on.
Salem boomed right through to the 1960s, but the arrival of suburban shopping
malls and the relocation of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have
with many other cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward
into the present with success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the
witch trials, but also from its history as a great seaport and as the home of
Bowditch, Mcintire, Bentley, Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a
city where the homes of the old-time merchants, mariners, barbers, and coachbuilders are all honored as a large part of what makes Salem different from any
other place.
--Robert Booth, 13 Oct. 2002 for Historic Salem Inc.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carlton Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
17 Carlton Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Margaret Ellison Bray - Widow c. 1808
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
c. 1808, 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
17
1808
1831
2002
Benjamin
Bray
Carlton
circa
Ellison
History
House
Margaret
Massachusetts
Salem
Street
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/4b752176544363b80fe2ea94745adabc.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=YRepO9VRxn8iBacBga4C8kIjwdJSRQDRJ9goAvJ0xSrgm6DtTz35Urv4BllBjpkkMqgTPl1JSS1KcQiN-EBavnQmlyKUqQ31rA5yn1ZO2bLmKYwYMNyyB7TUV7-ouj54PUREjT%7E9OZi9TZvsxXFMaWNMz4zbEEE1%7EEUkuyjyGpbvLVDMzfdm9FG2lInVnfXqgDycXCvGmo0v%7EgD-Juo29m2FqGbeqG6VSkQ5b7-Ah2MPXCHkN%7EGY4PjK32SdJPmNWSm0OzQZNB1fOFiDmpxGcYdVs5Zdj-HsciT-wWYdadVUk6G87PhBJAJuCGBFnEAnW94MZKz-As7rle6p8Qlhmg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c08b80e953569bd7810910338275534c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hamilton Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
7 Hamilton Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Henry Perkins Benson, cotton dealer in 1898
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1898, 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1898
2002
7
Benson
Booth
Hamilton
Henry
Massachusetts
Perkins
Robert
Salem
Street
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/81092ee32ab69cb250f36a9c68d4dd05.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=hpa0F6YNYCoQ8Io%7EW1ys2INxDxHADBG3Y0VLZBU0v9W7qOECw-8YpJ78mYwazRaaM5PGH35cnnpivKnVspJyFuqfCYnzEEgHzr%7EAmdX6MUQa2g7IVMN65tr6cx-l5PjpQKRw6o2wfRY9lQ8DY2tEm6yHvhp1WRc9tyHl71SjsjwBIU4C-KmG55WoL4OhgjONveGcSPpfS8CbAFoVbSe3ePiqP%7EBpVKF7P5P6lsCzgvg01w9ETPLnUf1h%7E7WH5lKtELXe0qYX4m4LeZUh-nVnUx-j2BbWv3Fa3WOXHtqoc-xffZFsgSOFnNJIUpzfsMmiO5WohnMIwBMsG2r9hir61Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
301d0267f5a60be3662b65c457c706e7
PDF Text
Text
HISTORIC
SALEM INC
17 Carlton Street
Built for
Margaret Ellison Bray
c. 1809
Remodeled in 1831
Researched and written by Jen Ratliff, 2022
Adapted from Robert Booth, 2002
Historic Salem Inc.
The Bowditch House
9 North Street, Salem, MA 01970
(978) 745-0799 | HistoricSalem.org
©2022
�17 Carlton Street, c. 2020
(Salem Accessors Office)
Carlton Street was laid out in 1800 and was named for revolutionary war army officer,
Colonel Samuel Carlton. The area had previously been known as Bakehouse Field, for a
bakehouse that once stood on Essex Street. 1 17 Carlton Street is one of the street’s earliest
homes. It was built around 1809 for Margaret Ellison Bray and was likely enlarged to its current
configuration in 1831 by Margaret’s son, Benjamin Bray, Jr. The home is in the Federal style
with simple trim and a brick foundation. Federal style architecture was popular from about
1780 to 1840 and is an evolution of the Georgian Style.
Bentley, William., Dalrymple, Marguerite., Waters, Alice G.., Waters, Joseph Gilbert. The Diary of William Bentley
D.D., Pastor of the East Church, Salem, Massachusetts: 1803-1810. United States: Essex Institute, 1911. Pg. 36
1
JEN RATLIFF
1
�The Historic Derby Street Neighborhood is perhaps the best example of Salem’s diverse
and ever-changing history. The land began as part of the largest native village inhabited by the
Naumkeag people. Europeans settled in the area after 1626 and many of Salem’s remaining
first period homes line lower Essex Street, including the 1667 Stephen Daniels House, 1675
Narbonne House, and c. 1688 William Murray House. As Salem’s maritime industry bustled,
seafarers built their stately homes in the neighborhood to be close to their wharves. In the
early-to-mid 19th century, Salem’s elite moved to larger newly built estates on picturesque
streets such as Washington Square and Chestnut Street. Their former waterfront neighborhood
became home to Irish immigrants looking for work in the city’s factories and homes.
In the early 20th century, the neighborhood transitioned again, this time from being an
Irish neighborhood to predominantly Polish. Like the Irish, Polish immigrants were attracted to
job opportunities in the city’s mills and factories. Polish immigrants began arriving in Salem
around 1890, and by 1911, Poles comprised about 8% of the city’s overall population.
Bray Family, 1808-1874
Margaret Hill Ellison (1776-1819) was born in Salem, Massachusetts to Elizabeth Ulmer
(1739–1808) and John Ellison (1738–1812) on April 14, 1776. 2 John was born in London and
emigrated to Salem, where he married Elizabeth in 1762. John was a solider and sailor of the
rebel army during the Revolutionary War. By 1783, he was in business as a ship-rigger and in
1798 was working as a town watchman. John was described by Reverend William Bentley as “a
Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records. Provo, UT: Holbrook Research
Institute (Jay and Delene Holbrook).
2
JEN RATLIFF
2
�man of great integrity and good reputation.” 3 Elizabeth was the granddaughter of Rev. Ulmer, a
preacher who emigrated from Germany around 1700 and settled in Maine. Together, John and
Elizabeth had seven surviving children: Mary, Rebecca, George, Elizabeth, Margaret, and John
Jr. 4
Margaret Ellison married boatbuilder and shipwright, Benjamin Bray (1775-1808) on
March 2, 1794, at the age of eighteen. 5 The couple resided on Hardy Street in Salem and had
seven children. Benjamin Bray fell ill and died of consumption at the age of thirty-three on June
2, 1808. He was buried in Charter Street Cemetery. Margaret was left with several young
children, some of which were put in the care of a guardian, Joseph Lambert. Two months after
Benjamin’s death, Margaret Bray purchased a plot of land on Carlton Street from Benjamin
Crowninshield for six $600. 6
On January 29, 1809, Margaret married barber, Francisco Paolo Astranan (1783-1865).
Astranan was a Sicilian immigrant that went by the anglicized name Francis P. Ashton. The
couple had two children, Lucy Ann and Merchalor Ashton. 7 Francis was close friends with
mariner Joseph Monarch, who immigrated to Salem from Naples. Monarch named one of his
sons Francis Ashton Monarch in his friend’s honor. His son later altered his name to Francis M.
Ashton and was one of the first to rent 1 Carlton Street, after the home was constructed as an
Booth, 2002 in reference to the diary of William Bentley, D.D., pastor of the East Church, Salem, Massachusetts.
Salem: Essex Institute. V.3 1803-1810
4
17 Carlton Street, Historic Salem, Inc. Robert Booth, 2002
5
Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records. Provo, UT: Holbrook Research
Institute (Jay and Delene Holbrook).
6
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 185:226 (1808)
7
This name has many different spellings including variations on Micah.
3
JEN RATLIFF
3
�investment property for Susannah Ingersoll in 1851. 8 According to historian Robert Booth, the
home at 17 Carlton Street first appeared in tax records in 1812 with Francis Ashton listed as
operating his barber shop in the home. 9 Although Francis is listed on the tax records, Margaret
solely owned the home, likely to ensure that her children with Benjamin Bray would receive an
inheritance. 10
In July 1819, Margaret passed away at the age of forty-four, just two years after giving
birth to her youngest child. She was buried with her first husband, Benjamin Bray, in Charter
Street Cemetery. Francis Ashton quickly remarried on December 5, 1819, to Rachel (Gwinn)
Hall, a widow of Spencer Hall. 11 Rachel became the stepmother to the Bray and Ashton children
and by 1820, the home on Carlton Street was headed by Francis Ashton and stepson John Bray
and his wife Margaret Roundy.
In March 1821, the house at 17 Carlton Street was divided amongst the Aston and Bray
children. Margaret and Francis’s daughters, Merchalor and Lucy Ann Ashton were deeded “the
north front rooms and north kitchen,” as well as a small piece of land on the northwest part of
the lot. The remainder of the property was deeded to the Bray children. 12 Around this time,
Francis P. Ashton, his new wife Rachel, and his children relocated to the corner of Bridge and
Pleasant streets and the Ashton portion of the home on Carlton Street was rented to laborer,
Susanna Ingersoll inherited The House of the Seven Gables and despite being a successful real estate investor is
best known for being the cousin of Nathaniel Hawthorne and the muse for his 1851 novel.
9
These records were likely available through the Phillips Library or City Hall in 2002. They have since become
unavailable.
10
Booth, 2002
11
Vital Records of Salem, Massachusetts, to the End of the Year 1849: Marriages. United States: Essex
institute, 1924.
12
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 236:260 (1825)
8
JEN RATLIFF
4
�John Bullock (1781-1854) and his family. 13
In September 1821, John C. Taylor, a Salem pump and block maker, paid $200 to John
Bray, Eliza Bray and her husband David Robinson for their portion of ownership of the home.
The Taylor family resided in a part of the home for about two years prior to purchasing and
moving to a house on nearby Neptune Street. 14 In 1825, the Taylors sold their section of the
home back to the Bray family, this time to Benjamin Bray, Jr. (1801-1869) who was now a coach
and chaise body maker (horse carriage maker) at 15 Union Street. Benjamin continued to
purchase shares of the home’s ownership from his Bray siblings. The youngest Bray’s, William
and Daniel, who grew up in the home had careers as sailors. Daniel, a mariner, married Pheba
Skidmore in 1828 and resided nearby at 21 Becket Street and later at 104 Essex Street. William
traveled the world working as a ship’s carpenter.
Benjamin Bray married Mary Lane in 1825. Mary was born in Salem in 1801 and was the
daughter of Captain William Lane and his wife Elizabeth Brown, of 110 Derby Street. The couple
had three daughters and continued to share the Carlton Street home with John Bullocks. 15
In March 1831, Benjamin Bray took out a mortgage of $1,500 from Peter E. Webster, a
local trader. According to Robert Booth, “With the mortgage money, Mr. Bray evidently
enlarged the house by raising the roofline in front and extending it as a two-story lean-to
toward the rear, thus adding three or four small new rooms in back. It is likely that the
chimneys (as indicated by the brick foundation arches in the cellar), which had once run up the
end wall of the original house, remained in place and had fireplaces facing back into the new
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 224:221 (1820)
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 227:46 (1821)
15
City of Salem Directory, 1837
13
14
JEN RATLIFF
5
�rooms as well forward into the old rooms.” 16 This renovation likely created the home we now
see at 17 Carlton Street today.
The Eastern Railroad began offering direct trips between Salem and Boston in 1838.
Benjamin’s coach making business likely suffered following the railroad’s arrival in Salem and
the Panic of 1837. As a result, Benjamin Bray could not repay the Webster mortgage; and the
home was foreclosed, but in July 1839, Peter Webster agreed to convey the premises to
Benjamin’s wife, Mary for Benjamin Bray's unpaid balance, $450, in monthly $20 installments. 17
The Bullocks also remained the tenants in the house, and were joined there by Mrs. Bullock's
sister, Sarah Cloutman, a tailoress. According to Robert Booth, Benjamin and the Bray family
were able to bounce back.
During the 1840s, with a family of six children to support, Benjamin Bray drew on his
considerable ingenuity to modernize his coach-building business. He was a talented
designer and applied himself to improving the functioning of windows and window
curtains. Two of his creations were clever enough to earn him patents. He participated
in the first Exhibition of the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association at the Mechanic
Hall, on Essex Street at Crombie Street, in September 1849; and there was awarded a
diploma in the category of New Inventions. During the 1840s, with a family of six
children to support, Benjamin Bray drew on his considerable ingenuity to modernize his
coach-building business. He was a talented designer and applied himself to improving
the functioning of windows and window curtains. Two of his creations were clever
enough to earn him patents. He participated in the first Exhibition of the Salem
Charitable Mechanic Association at the Mechanic Hall, on Essex Street at Crombie
Street, in September 1849; and there was awarded a diploma in the category of New
Inventions.
In 1850, Benjamin Bray become sole owner of the home and land at 17 Carlton Street,
buying the remaining rights from his Ashton sisters. 18 He had transitioned from coachbuilder to
manufacturing curtain fixtures and was able to pay off his mortgage debts to Peter Webster’s
Robert Booth, 2002
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 452:196
18
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 591:299
16
17
JEN RATLIFF
6
�estate. At the time, the home was divided into at least three units or sections, occupied by the
Bray family, Elizabeth and Mary Ann Bullock, and Sarah Cloutman. 19 After Benjamin Bray
become sole owner, the Bullock and Cloutman women moved out of the home, and it was
occupied in its entirety by Mary, Benjamin, and their six children. During the Civil War, the Bray
family relocated to Boston and rented the home in Salem. According to Robert Booth's 2002
history of the home:
By 1865, the house was occupied by one Parker Bray and by Charles Fillebrown, 29, a
varnisher & polisher, wife Mary E., 28, and son Charles H., seven (1865 census, Ward
One, house 469). Charles Fillebrown had been a brave soldier during the war, and had
served as a private, from Salem, in July, 1862, in Co. G, First Regiment, Mass. Volunteer
Heavy Artillery. The Regiment was assigned to ordinary duty in forts near Washington,
DC, for a year and more. The outfit saw its first action in the spring of 1864. At the Battle
of Harris Farm, in Virginia, on May 19, the Regiment lost 54 men killed (Major Rolfe
included) and 312 wounded, with 27 missing. The outfit remained in the campaign
against Petersburg, and on June 16, lost 25 killed and 132 wounded in an ill-fated assault
on the entrenchments. Charles Fillebrown was one of those wounded. His wounds were
evidently severe, and he was mustered out in July, 1864. (see Mass. Soldiers, Sailors,
Marines in Civil War, 5:610). He resided at One Carlton Street by 1870.
Benjamin Bray Jr. died in Boston on December 21, 1869, at the age of sixty-eight. On September
17, 1875, his widow, Mary (Lane) Bray, sold the home at 17 Carlton Street to John Collins for
$1,825, thus ending the Bray Family’s sixty years of ownership. 20
Collins-Flynn Family, 1874-1945
By this time, the Historic Derby Street Neighborhood had transitioned to an Irish
neighborhood, as many of the area’s earlier merchants had built larger homes away from the
Massachusetts. 1855–1865 Massachusetts State Census [microform]. New England Historic Genealogical Society,
Boston, Massachusetts.
20
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 912:226
19
JEN RATLIFF
7
�working waterfront. The Collins family consisted of John, his wife Catherine, and their daughter
Mary Ann. The family emigrated from Ireland around 1854, when Mary Ann was a toddler.
Little information is known about the family but, by 1880, they had converted the home into a
duplex and rented out one section to William Kane, a tinsmith at 31 Central Street, and his
children. The Kane family emigrated from Ireland around the same time as the Collins family. It
is possible the two families had a connection. William Kane was a widower with five children:
William Kane, Jr., (age 23) who worked as a barber, Nellie (age 21) who worked as a
dressmaker, and John (age 18) who worked as a cigar maker and two younger sons, James (age
11) and Thomas (age 7). Catherine and John Collins’ daughter, Mary Ann (age 26) also worked
as a cigar maker. 21
Mary Ann Collins married Bartholomew N. Flynn, a laborer, around 1882. Their marriage
was short-lived, as Bartholomew died in 1885. Mary Ann remained in the home with her
parents. The Kane family moved out and William Martin moved into their unit. At the time,
William worked at the gas works near Bridge Street. John Collins died in the late 1880s and the
home was occupied by his widow, Catherine and daughter, Mary Ann. The other unit was then
occupied by Henry Randall, who worked as a yachtsman. Mary Ann inherited the home in 1895
and her mother died a few years later. She remained in the home for another fifty years, with
rotating tenants in the adjoining unit. (see Resident’s Table) Mary Ann lived in the home until
1943. Tenants Lillian and Edward N. Tripp remained in the home and operated Salem Recreated
Craft Shop in the rear of the Carlton Street house. The Collins-Flynn family owned and resided
in the home for 71 years before it was sold to Charles S. Johnston Jr. for $339.47. His ownership
21
Adapted from Robert Booth, 2002
JEN RATLIFF
8
�was short, and it is likely that he made improvements to the home before selling to Mary and
James Lawnsby a few months later for $2,000. 22
Lawnsby Family, 1946-1995
James Robert Lawnsby (1913-1985) was born on July 9, 1913, in Beverly, Massachusetts
to Margaret (Gillis) and Edward L. Lawnsby. James was one of five children. He worked as a
laborer for the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a program that created jobs during the
Great Depression. He married Mary Catherine MacDougall (1915-1997) in 1934, at the age of
21. The couple settled on Lothrop Street in Beverly and started a family. The Lawnsby’s
eventually had six children, Francis D. (1935-2018), James Jr. (1936-2011), William C. (19372008), Richard P. (1941-1995), Mary C. (1945-2000), and Thomas E. (b. 1950)
The family moved to 40 Webb Street in Salem around 1940, while James briefly worked
as a chauffeur. Later, taking a job as an oil serviceman for Halls Heat Headquarters, where he
ultimately became a manager. The family purchased 17 Carlton Street in 1946 and continued
renting the home until moving in, around 1948. The Lawnsby children were all raised in Salem
and attended Salem Public Schools.
Frances graduated Salem High School as Valedictorian in 1952 and Salem State College
as Salutorian in 1956. She taught elementary school in Danvers and at a local Sunday School.
She was heavily involved in local organizations including the Girl Scouts, League of Women
Voters, and the Women’s Club of Beverly. She married Donald C. Winslow in 1958 and worked
as a bookkeeper for his Auto Body shop in Danvers.
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds, 3437:64, 3450:280
The Lawnsby deed states “considerations paid” but the couple took out a mortgage for $2,000.
22
JEN RATLIFF
9
�James Jr. “Jake” served in the United States Army during the Korean War. He was known
as a sports enthusiast and avid fisherman.
William “Bill” followed in his father’s footsteps, working for Hawthorne Oil as an oil
burner technician. He was honorably discharged from the United States Army during the
Vietnam War and was a long-time active member of Salem’s Ancient Order of the Hibernian
(AOH) Division 18 and the Moose Lodge. He married JoAnna Fisher in 1960.
Mary C. Lawnsby married John C. Morrisey in 1968 and relocated to New Hampshire.
Her brother, Thomas married Evalyn Kumin in 1972, while working as an accountant. Evalyn is
an accomplished psychotherapist and mental health counselor, based in South Hamilton. No
information was available for Richard P. Lawnsby.
After almost fifty years of ownership, the Lawnsby Family sold the home at 17 Carlton
Street in 1995 for $67,500. Since then, it has been sold five times. Most recently, it was
purchased by Sarah Clermont and Stephen Larrick in December 2020. The couple have begun to
restore the home and have requested that this recording of its history be created.
JEN RATLIFF
10
�Homeowner
Date Purchased
Number
of Years
11
Purchase Price
August 26, 1808
Years of
Ownership
1808-1819
Margaret (Ellison) Bray
Benjamin Bray
Mary (Lane) Bray
February 22, 1825
1825-1874
49
consideration
paid
236:260
John Collins
Catherine Collins
September 17,
1874
1874-1895
21
912:226
Mary A. (Collins) Flynn
March 6, 1895
1895-1945
50
In
consideration
of $1
In
consideration
of $1
Charles S. Johnston, Jr.
November 27,
1945
March 27, 1946
1945-1946
<1
$339.47
3437:64
1946-1995
49
consideration
paid
3450:280
October 2, 1995
April 15, 1998
1995-1998
1998-2002
3
4
$67,500
$165,500
13235:215
14739:227
January 30, 2002
2002-2004
2
$285,000
18265:277
James Lawnsby
Mary C. Lawnsby
Matthew E. Power
Todd B. McIlroy
Sarah B. McIlroy
Jeffrey Stevenson
Jennifer Lordi Stevenson
consideration
paid
Documents
Referenced
185:226
1437:294
Notes
Land was purchased in 1808, and the
house was built for
Margaret Ellison Bray Astranan/Ashton
“a certain parcel of land with the
dwelling house and all other buildings”
Benjamin Bray inherited 1/8th undivided
share when Margaret Bray passed in
1819, accumulated most of his siblings
shares of the home over the years.
458:30
“Buildings thereon”
Property was conveyed from Catherine
Collins to her daughter Mary Ann Flynn
Also see 2877:437,438 for mortgage
covenants, 3352:554 for possession due
to foreclosure, and 3435:480 for
discharge
Conveyed “by deed of James E. Lynch,
Executor under will of Mary A. Flynn
Also see 3450:281 for mortgage of
$2000 with Roger Conant Cooperative
Bank
�Tasha Davidson
Cheryl Davidson
Brian Dower
Joanne Kennedy
Robert Kennedy
Sarah Clermont
Stephen Larrick
March 26, 2004
2004-2015
11
$363,000
22572:375
May 29, 2015
2015-2020
5
$389,500
34099:93
December 28,
2020
2020 –
Present
1+
$525,000
39366:593
Carlton Street is sometimes written as “Carleton Street” in deeds.
Directory Year
Residents
Occupation or Notes
1808-1819
1809-1819
1808-1853
18251842
1842-1853
1850
1850-1853
1851
1857
1864
1864
1866-1869
1866
1869-1870
1869
1872
1872
Margaret Ellison Bray
Francis P Ashton
Benjamin Bray
Mary L. Bray
John Bullock
Sarah Cloutman
Mary Ann Bullock
Elizabeth Bullock
Henry Rice
Priscilla Cloutman
George Bray
Edward L Bray
Sherman T. Meara
Hiram Sanborn
Joseph B. Osborn
Lydia Osborn
James Carter
George Caswell
No occupation listed. Widow of Benjamin
Barber. Married Margaret E. Bray in 1809.
Coach maker. Son of Margaret E. Bray
No occupation listed. Wife of Benjamin Bray
Laborer
Tailoress
Seamstress
Seamstress
Sail maker
Tailoress
Clerk - J.F. Almy & Co.
No occupation listed
Shoemaker
Cooper
Cooper
No occupation listed
Harnessmaker
Painter
�Directory Year
Residents
Occupation or Notes
1874
1874
1876-1886
1876
1882
1886
1888-1940
1890 - 1897
1890
1893
1895
1897-1906
1897-1906
1897-1906
1910-1911
1915
1915
1917-1921
1930
1930
1930-1931
1933-1936
1937
1937
1940
1940
1946
1957
1957
195719571957-
Leander LeBaron
Orville LeBaron
John Collins
Margaret Gibbons
Franklin Arrington
William Martin
Mary A. Flynn
Catherine Collins
Henry Randall
William G. Dodge
Ellen F. Edwards
A. Maria Tivnan
Clara J. Tivnan
Michael E. Tivnan
Joanna Leahy
James W. Armstrong
James T. Armstrong
Wadislaw Zawacki
Patrick Doherty
Mary Doherty
John Doherty
John L. Kelley
William A. Wilson
Geo W. Wilson
Edward Fripp
Lillian Fripp
Henry P. Wells
Harry C. McInnes
Eileen M. McInnes
James R. Lawnsby
Mary C. Lawnsby
Frances Lawnsby
Fireman
Mariner
Laborer
No occupation listed
Painter
Employed “at gas works”
Housekeeper. Widow of Bartholomew
No occupation listed
No occupation listed
Shoemaker
No occupation listed. Widow of Charles W.
No occupation listed. Widow of Michael
Shoe stitcher
Morocco dresser
No occupation listed. Widow of James
Car inspector
Helper
Shoe worker. Later used Walter as first name.
Laborer
No occupation listed
Machinist
Laborer
Driver - Salem Lumber Co.
No occupation listed
No occupation listed
Recreation Leader
Machinist
Leather Worker
No occupation listed
Serviceman - Hall’s Heat Headquarters
No occupation listed
Clerk
�Sources
�17 Carlton Street, 1985
MACRIS (SAL.3293)
�Salem Atlas, 1874 (Plate A)
�/.9
IJ
D.
/.J
D
j-'.-J
fl
!J
Q
/)
IJ
,,.
Salem Atlas, 1890-1903 (Plate 10)
�I1
I
Salem Atlas, 1897 (Plate 4)
�11
Salem Atlas, 1906-1938 (Plate 11)
�Salem Atlas, 1911 (Plate 5)
�DATl 0, PIIMlf
PIIMff Ne.
ll/9/95
11605-95
SUUCTUII
MAflllAl
941- 0086
OWNII
lOCATION
B & M Realty
DIMIHSIONS
17 Car lton St.
Ne. Of SfOIIU Ne. Of fAM!llU
WAID
con
.
WllOII
.
Int erior & exterior renovations as per plans submitted.
est . 24,000 . fee 149 . J.J .
4/26/00 #1 170-00 RENOVATE 3RD FLOOR . DRAWING SUBMITTED. est . 20 , 000 . -00 fee 125.00 T. J . S.
City of Salem Archives – Building Permits
�Margaret Hill Ellison (1776-1819), dlo Capt. John Ellison & Elizabeth Ulmer,
died "suddenly" 6 July 1819 and was buried at Charter Street Graveyard. She
m. 2 Marci, 1794 Benjamin Bray (1775-1808), son of John Bray & Eunice
Becket, died ofconsumption on 3 June 1808. She m/2 29 Jan. 1809 Francisco
P. Astranan (Francis P. Ashton) (1783-1865) born 5 Feb. 1783 Palermo, Sicily,
s/o Thomas Astranan & Michela Campanella, died 26 Nov. 1865 in Salem. He
m/2 5 Dec. 1819 Rachel (Gwinn) Hall (1789-1850+), dlo Thaddeus Gwinn &
Mercy Beadle ofSalem. Known issue ofMargaret, surnames Bray and
Ashton:
1. John Bray, 1795 (m. 1817 Margaret Roundy) Boston printer 1821.
2. Benjamin Bray, 1797, died of quinsy 20 Jan. 1799, aged 15 months
3. Margaret Bray, m. 1820 Jonathan C. Taylor, Salem boatbuilder 1821,
pump & block-maker later
4. Eliza Bray, m. David Robinson, Boston horse-letter
5. Benjamin Bray, 1801, m. 8 Sept. 1825 Mary Lane
6. Daniel Bray, Salem mariner 1826 (m. 1828 Pl,eba Skidmore)
7. William Bray
8. Lucy Ann Ashton, m. William N. Nassau; issue
a. W.N. Nassau Jr.
b. A retltusa W. Nassau.
9. Mica/ah (Mickelar) Ashton, 1817, bp 1824, m. Mr. Snow; issue
a. Mickelar Ashton Snow (b. 1836) m. Jonathan Davis
b. Margaret Ellison Snow
c. Francis P.A. Snow (b.1846)
d. James F. Snow m. Sophia E.
�Benjamin Bray (born 1801, son ofBenjamin Bray & Margaret Hill Ellison) m.
1825 Mary Lane (born 1801, dlo William Lane & Elizabet/, Brown). Known
issue, surname Bray:
1. Mary E., 1826
2. Sarai, E., 1831
3. Micalar, 1834
4. Edward L., 1837, mariner 1860
5. WilliamM., 1839, ,nariner 1860
6. George, 1844
Robert Booth, 2002
�SERIAL NUMBER
1. NAME (Print)
------~9 7 ________ J;fr1#5 ___________
(Fintt)
. ORDER NUMBER
& b~ _LAW#5 lJ/ ___________ _2- S-11_ ___ _
(Middle)
I
(Lut)
2• .ADDRESS (Print)
______ /FL IJ 7 Mq>t1,P __ J7, ____________________ /3-ey~1/?f-Y'. ______ /3>5LX ________ /11(5-[!! ___ _
(Number and etreet or R. F. D. number)
3. TELEPHONE
4. AGE IN YEARS
(Town)
5. PLACE
or
·
(County)
BIRTH
_________ flo _________________________ :;. _7 ------------- _____7-J~v £ f?i. y __ ·______
DATE Oi' BIRTH
--------------------------------- o.)_______(Day)
f' __ /,?/J
. -----(Exchan&e>
(Number)
(Yr.)
(Town or county)
(State)
6. COUNTRY OF
;~ELNSHIF
lf'
/1AJI..________________ ---------- , -~ ------------(State or country)
2/22/,
U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 (Ancestry.com)
�Unofficial Property Record Card - Salem, MA
General Property Data
Parcel
ID 41-0086-0
Prior Parcel
ID 11 -Property
Owner LARRICK STEPHEN C
CLERMONT SARAH E
Mailing
Address 17 CARLTON ST
Account
Number 0
Property
Location 17 CARLTON STREET
Property
Use One Family
Most
Recent
Sale Date 12/31/2020
Legal
Reference 39366-593
Grantor KENNEDY,JOANNE
City SALEM
Mailing
State MA
Zip 01970
Sale Price 525,000
ParcelZoning R2
Land Area 0.062 acres
Current Property Assessment
Card 1 Value
Building Value 289,600
Xtra Features 2,700
Value
Land Value 164,000
Total Value 456,300
Building Description
Building
Style Colonial
# of Living
Units 1
Year
Built 1800
Building
Grade Average
Building
Condition Good
Finished
Area (SF) 1736
Number
Rooms 7
# of 3/4
Baths 0
Foundation
Type Brick/Stone
Frame
Type Wood
Roof
Structure Gable
Roof
Cover Asphalt Shgl
Siding Vinyl
Interior
Walls Plaster
# of
Bedrooms 4
# of 1/2
Baths 1
Flooring
Type Hardwood
Basement
Floor Concrete
Heating
Type Forced H/W
Heating
Fuel Oil
Air
Conditioning 0%
# of Bsmt
Garages 0
# of Full
Baths 1
# of Other
Fixtures 0
Legal Description
Narrative Description of Property
This property contains 0.062 acres of land mainly classified as
One Family
with a(n) Colonial style building, built about
1800 , having Vinyl exterior and
Asphalt Shgl
roof cover, with 1
unit(s), 7
room(s), 4
bedroom(s), 1
bath(s), 1 half bath(s).
Property Images
Disclaimer: This information is believed to be correct but is subject to change and is not warranteed.
�Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System
Scanned Record Cover Page
Inventory No:
SAL.3293
Historic Name:
Common Name:
Address:
17 Carlton St
City/Town:
Salem
Village/Neighborhood:
Derby Street;
Local No:
41-86;
Year Constructed:
C 1810
Architectural Style(s):
Colonial;
Use(s):
Single Family Dwelling House;
Significance:
Architecture;
Area(s):
Designation(s):
Building Materials:
Roof: Asphalt Shingle;
Wall: Wood Shingle;
Foundation: Brick;
Demolished
No
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This file was accessed on: Monday, January 24, 2022 at 6:53 PM
�1)5
FORM B - BUILDING
. · 1,..__;"_;
_ _I..___F_B_:_N_O.--'
~~.SSACBUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION
80 BOYLSTON STREET ·,
BOSTON, MA 02116
Salem
17 Carlton Street
c Name
-------------
resent_r~e=s=i~·d=e=n~t=i=a=l;;.__ _ _ _ __
'ginal
"
------------
rnrm/:
1810
deed re 8e arch
·sKETCH MAP
-J L,U,,vx 1?116 5
.
Show property'.s location in relation U
.
to nearest cross streets and/or
N
geographical· features. Indicate
all buildings between inventoried
property and nearest intersection.
Indicate north.
·t
Style
Federal ( v~macular)
----"-------
Architect________________
Exterior wall fabric
wood shingles
Outbuildings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Major alterations (vith dates)
Tvil N i::. a_
-----
<;T .
- 7
Moved
t c~l'-'1'
S1 .
<:- ..,., /.J-tf"lf sr .
Recorded by
Debra Hilbert
----------Date-----
Approx. acreage less than one acre
Setting
residential
Organization Salem Planning Department
. Date January, 19 86
(Staple additional sheets here)
·,
�ARQUTECTIJRAL SIGNIFICANCE (Describe important architectural featw·es and
evaluate in tenns of other buildings within the cOillIIU..mi. ty.)
17 Carl ton Street is a vernacular Federal period house whose modest character
is common to the Derby Street area.
The house is oriented with the flank end of its
gable roof . to the street and has a 3-bay symmetrical facade with a center entry.
The trim is simple and consists of plain window surrounds, a. molded doorhood, and .
flush roof eaves and eave returns . in the gable ends. Other features are the brick
foundation and the two interior chimneys.
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE (Explain the role owners played in local or state
history and how the building relates to the development of the comm.mity.)
~
Benjamin Crowninshield, a master mariner and later .commander of the well-known
yacht Cleopatra's Barge, owned the land now comprising 15 and 17 Carlton Street. In
1808 he sold the latter property to Margaret Bray for $600.
The deed mentions. "a
lot of land" but no buildings. Margaret Bray was married to Benjamin Bray and from
l~ter deeds, it appears that they had six children. By 1821 there was a . house on
this property for a partition among the Bray children and Lucy Ann Ashton and
Merchalor Ashton makes mention of a dwelling. One of the Bray children, Benjamin,
eventually acquired the ownership rights to this property. He was a coachmaker
who worked on Union Street. Bray also had tenants living in the house including
John Bullock, ~ laborer, in 1837, and Henry Rice, a sailmaker, in 1851.
Carlton Street was known as Bakehouse Field for · a bakehouse located on Essex
Street. By 1800 much of this land was owned by Hannah Carlton Crowninshield,
Benjamin Crowninshield's mother.
Carlton Street was laid out in 1800 probably in
response to increased need for building land. The Federal period was a prosperQus
one for maritime trade.
I
BIBLIOGRAPHY and/or REFEIDJCES (name of publication, . author, date and publisher)
1851, 1874 Maps of Salem
1837, 1851 Salem Directories
Essex County Registry of Deeds Book 185/Leaf 226, Book 227/Le:u 46, Book 236/
Leaf 159, Book 240/Leaf 232,_Book 243/Leaf 93
_ _ _......
lOM - 7/82
�c:::J
l 17 c0/1., \+n"' s-+v~,e 1
\
13
~
't;
-icl
1~
(_J
--
~
l
�--======-of
all
/·,• the
-,,,,-{>\ tax
. 'fll:t9J
abl6),
lons;\
RMS
!d or
ce of
IUO-
:el'T!1s
,m,s)lica-
!'
ttor!lnue,
CITY OF SALEM
BOARD OF APPEAL
·/<\·
978-745-9595, Ext 381
'"'i'l\liU hold a public hearing for all persOFf';,Jr1-terested in the petition submitted tiY'l;IJ:IIAN DOWER requesting a
Variance/~er Section 7-19 (c) (2) to
allow a cUrfi::<ttJt to create a driveway
between resfdern;e and fence for till>
property locatecfr~t<~7 carlton Street
'R-2. Said heariri{J''\,rjJI be held on
Wednesday, April :io;12905 at 6:30
p.m., 120 Washingtont'$treet, 3rd
floor, Room 313.
<'::_~;;;'.,,,
Nina Cohen, C~atrf1an
(416,13)
�CITY OF SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS
BOARD OF APPEAL
I 20 WASHINGTON STREET, 3RD FLOOR
SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS 01970
STANLEY
J. USOVICZ, JR.
(7
TELEPHONE: 978-745-9595
,-.,
g
FAX, 978-740-9846
MAYOR
CJ'
"o
:;:O
N
ISION ON TI-IE PETITION OF BRIAN DOWER REQUESTING AVARIANClf
TI-IE PROPERTY LOCATED AT 17 CARLTON STREET R-2
'.P'
Q
Ah
on this petition was held on April 20, 2005 with the following Board Memben.,J
presen,
Cohen Chairman, Richard Dionne, Edward Moriarty, Nicholas Helides amf
Bonnie
otice of the hearing was sent to abutters and others and notices of the
hearing we
ly published in the Salem Evening News in accordance with
Massachusetts
Laws Chapter 40A.
The petitioner is req
a driveway between resi
2zone.
V
The Variances, which have
that:
a Variance per Section 7-1910 (2) to allow a curb cut to create
d fence for property at 17 Carlton Street located in an R-
ed, may be granted upon a finding by this Board
a. Special conditions and circumstanel~ ~ . which especially affect the land,
building or structure involved and wh(~h ak+not generally affecting other lands,
buildings and structures involve.
"
b. Literal enforcement of the provisions ofth'
nhm,1Ordinance would involve
substantial hardship, financial or otherwise, to th\,~~~tmers.
,p>
c. Desirable relief may be granted without substantial de
and without nullifying or substantially derogating from
the purpose of the Ordinance.
t to the public good
.of the district of
The Board of Appeal, after careful consideration of the evidence present
and after viewing the plane, makes the following findings of fact:
I. The Petitioner, Brian Dower presented his petition to allow a curb cut to er
driveway between the residence and the fence on the right side of the dwellin
and for the use of two parking spaces at the rear of the lot.
2. A petition signed by many of the neighbors was presented and read into the
minutes.
3. Zoning Board Member Edward Moriarty expressed concern over the loss of green
space in the rear yard.
,--, '
n-·'·.
-
•,
cf,
3;.
...-: . -
01-.....,-1,-sc,
�'l'
1/
DECISION OF THE PETITION OF BRIAN DOWER REQUESTING A
VARIANCE FOR THE PROPERTY LOCATED AT 17 CARLTON STREET R-2
page two
4. Chairman Nina Cohen inquired if the petitioner was in favor of a restriction in the
decision to restrict the dwelling to single family use. Petitioner affirmed they were
in favor of such restriction.
Chris Loring of 19 Carlton Street spoke in favor of the petition.
is of the above findings of fact, and on, the evidence presented the Board
ds as follows;
1. Speci
· ·ons exist when especially affect the subject property but not he
District.
2. Literal enfo
of the provisions of the Zoning Ordinance would involve
substantial har
e petitioner.
3. Desirable relief
.
..•ted without substantial detriment to the public good
and without nullifying o~stantially derogating from the intent of the district or
the purpose of the Orditlal''"
Therefore, the Zoning Board of A
Variances requested, subject to the follo
4 in favor and I in opposition to grant the
g~pitions:
1. Petitioner shall comply with all city ail.tt•'..
regulations.
2. All construction shall be done as per the plans s
Building Commissioner.
3. All requirements of the Salem Fire Department relative
shall be strictly adhered to.
4. Property shall remain a single family use.
Variance Granted
April 20, 2005
//)~
Nicholas Helides
Board of Appeal
�DECISION OF TIIB PETITION OF BRIAN DOWER REQUESTING AVARIAN CE
FOR TIIB PROPERTY LOCATED AT I 7 CARLTON STREET R-2
page three
A COPY OF TIIIS DECISION HAS BEEN FILED WITH TIIB PLANNING BOARD
TIIB CITY CLERK
from this decision, if any, shall be made pursuant to Section 17 of the
. usetts General Laws Chapter 40A, and shall be filed within 20 days date of filing
of this
· ion in the office of the City Clerk: Pursuant to Massachusetts General Laws
Chapter
tion I 1, the Variance or Special Permit granted herein shall not take
effect until
of the decision bearing the certificate of the City Clerk: that 20 days
have elapsed
peal has been filed, or that, if such appeal has been filed, that is
has been dismi
·ed is recorded in the South Essex Registry of Deeds and
indexed under the
the owner of record or is recorded and noted on the owner's
Certificate of Title.
Board of Appeal
�MAP 41 LOT 72
ROBERT CHILTON
10 BECKETT ST.
MAP 41 LOT 71
Tl'l£LVE BECKETT STREET
CONDOMINIUM
MAP 41 LOT 70
JAMES & MARIE NADEAU
14 BECKETT ST.
/
37'
,:H
-
I
I
I
2' ollowoble
bumper overhang
19'
5'±
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0
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proposed
parking
12'±
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proposed
parking
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MAP 41 LOT 86
AREA = 2625 ± S.F.
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MAP 41 LOT 85
15 CARLTON STREET
CONDOMINIUM
7.4'
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QJ
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MAP 41 LOT 87
CHRISTOPHER LOHRING
MARY ELLEN LEAHY
19 CARLTON ST.
·c
u
38'
CARLTON
WIDTH OF DRIVEWAY REQUIRED WIDTH OF DRIVEWAY PROVIDED MINIMUM AISLE WIDTH REQUIRED AISLE WIDTH PROVIDED - 12'
STREET
12'
7.4'
20'
/
/
PLOT PLAN OF LAND
17 CARLTON STREET
SALEM
PROPERTY OF
BRIAN DOWER & TASHA DAVIDSON
SCALE 1" = 10'
MARCH 8, 2005
NORTH SHORE SURVEY CORP.
47 LINDEN ST., SALEM, MA
#2462
�Peg Harrington
15 Carlton Street
Salem, Massachusetts
01970
Board of Appeals
cl
s. Nina Cohen, Chair
fSalem
MA01970
April 17, 2005
I write today t
y full support of my neighbor Brian Dower in his request to create
a driveway and p
a on his property at 17 Carlton St., immediately adjacent to
my back yard. As yo
, this is a very congested neighborhood with parking in short
supply. I am fortunate t
ndominium has a small driveway for off-street parking
for both my car and the o
of!h~ upstairs unit, because given the complete lack of
enforcement of resident-only pljjd('¼jig rules here and the abuse of on-street parking by
certain residents who choose not<f; , their driveways, I would be faced with a similar
situation.
Mr. and Mrs. Dower are wonderful ne1g
rs seeking to improve their property and the
neighborhood as a whole, and I have eve c •'~tnce that their plans will be in keeping
:;;
with the unique character of the street.
Respectfully submitted,
Pe
rrin
�etter to attest to the fact that I have no opposition to my neighbor,
,i Carlton Street installing a curb cut between our houses. I live at 19
· "" Dower has requested the curb cut so that he can park his vehicle in
the space beiween'Q.e ,'•
'\'
I am in favor of allowin
in between 17 and 19 Carl!
Respectfully,
cQ1v~
Chris Lohring
19 Carlton Street
Salem, MA 01970 .
978-853-9138
hbor, Brian Dower, to have a curb cut and driveway put
et, Salem, MA.
�4/16/05
To: Members of the City of Salem Board of Appeals:
state that I am in favor of and have no objections to my neighbor, Brian
Dower, to
. f curb cut and to create a driveway between residence and fence for the
property local
.17 Carlton Street, Salem, MA.
Respectfully,
(k1urt~1 fi
Name:
~ ' Z , , / f/fre.£1
Address:
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�House at
17 Carlton Street, Sale111
Built c.1808 for Margaret Ellison Bray, widow
Enlarged c.1831 for Benjamin Bray, coach-maker & inventor
Francis P. Ashton, barber, in old age (from photo); he resided here from 1809-1821
(source: Hadley's llisto,y of Essex Lodge)
�House at 17 Carlton Street, Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built for Margaret (Ellison)
Bray, widow, c.1808. It was enlarged to the rear c.1831 for Benjamin Bray,
chaise- and coach-maker.
On 26 August 1808 Capt. Benjamin Crowninshield, a Danvers merchant who
was formerly a Salem East India shipmaster, for $600 sold to Margaret Bray of
Salem, a widow, a lot of land in Salem bounded southwesterly 38' on "Carlton's
Street", northwesterly 70' on land of Crowninshield, northeasterly 37' on land of
Crowninshield and ofBerry, southeasterly 70' on land of Ranson (ED 185:226).
The evidence indicates that she had a modest house built: it probably had a
central entrance and a room on either side, with chimneys running up the back
walls to provide heat in all four rooms, and perhaps with kitchen rooms attached
as ells. It was two stories high, likely with a pitch roof.
Margaret Hill Ellison was born in Salem and baptized in 1776 at St. Peter's
(Episcopal) Church, the daughter of John Ellison and his wife Elizabeth Ulmer.
John Ellison was an Englishman, born in London; he came as a young man to
Salem, and in 1762 married Elizabeth Ulmer, the granddaughter of Rev. Mr.
Ulmer, who had come as a preacher from Germany c. 1700 and settled in Maine.
The Ellisons had several children, of whom those surviving infancy were Mary,
Rebecca, George, Elizabeth, and Margaret, and John, Jr. John Ellison fought as a
rebel in the War of the Revolution (1775-1783), both as a soldier and later as a
sailor. By 1783 he was in business as a ship-rigger in the East Parish, and in
1798 became a town watchman (policeman). Mrs. Elizabeth (Ulmer) Ellison
would live until October, 1808 (died at age 69) and Capt. Ellison, a watchman in
his last years, lived until March, 1812. He would die at age 74, lamented by many
and characterized by Rev. William Bentley as "a man of great integrity and good
reputation."
In March, 1794, Margaret H. Ellison, 18, married Benjamin Bray, 19. Between
1795 and 1807 they would have seven children, mostly boys. The Brays resided
on Hardy Street, in the old Diman house.
In 1800, Salem was still a town, and a small one by our standards, with a total
population of about 9,500. Its politics were fierce, as the Federalists squared off
against the Democratic Republicans (led by the Crowninshields and comprised of
�the sailors and fishermen). The two factions attended separate churches, held
separate parades, and supported separate schools, military companies, and
newspapers (the Crowninshield-backed Impartial Register started in 1800).
Salem's merchants resided mainly on two streets: Washington (which ended in a
wharf on the Inner Harbor, and, above Essex, had the Town House in the middle)
and Essex (particularly between what are now Hawthorne Boulevard and North
Streets). The East Parish (Derby Street area) was for the seafaring families,
shipmasters, sailors, and fishermen. In the 1790s, Federal Street, known as New
Street, had more empty lots than fine houses. Chestnut Street did not exist: its
site was a meadow, backlands for the Pickerings on Broad Street and the old
estates of Essex Street. The Common, not yet Washington Square, had small
ponds and swamps, and was covered with hillocks and utility buildings and the
town alms-house. In the later 19th century, Salem's manufacturing-based
prosperity would sweep almost all of the great downtown houses away.
The town's merchants were among the wealthiest in the country, and, in Samuel
McIntire, they had a local architect who could help them realize their desires for
large and beautiful homes in the latest style. While a few of the many new
houses built in the next ten years went up in the old Essex-Washington Street
axis, most were erected on or near Washington Square or in the Federalist "west
end" (Chestnut, Federal, and upper Essex Streets). The architectural style (called
"Federal" today) had been developed years before in the Adam brothers in
England and featured fanlight doorways, palladian windows, elongated pilasters
and columns, and large windows. It was introduced to New England by Charles
Bulfinch upon his return from England in 1790. The State House in Boston was
his first institutional composition; and soon Beacon Hill was being built up with
handsome residences in the Bulfinch manner.
Samuel McIntire, carver and housewright, was quick to pick up on the style and
adapt it to Salem's larger lots. Mcintire's first local composition, the Jerathmeel
Peirce house (on Federal Street), contrasts greatly with his later Adamesque
compositions. The interiors of this Adam style differed from the "Georgian" and
Post-Colonial: in place of walls of wood paneling, there now appeared plastered
expanses painted in bright colors or covered in bold wallpapers. The Adam style
put a premium on handsome casings and carvings of central interior features such
door-caps and chimney-pieces (Mcintire's specialty). On the exterior, the Adam
style included elegant fences; and the houses were often built of brick, with
attenuated porticoes and, in the high style, string courses, swagged panels, and
even two-story pilasters. The best example of the new style was the Elias Hasket
�Derby house, co-designed by Bulfinch and McIntire, and built on Essex Street in
1799 (demolished in 1815), on the site of today's Town House Square.
Salem's commerce created great wealth, which in tum attracted many newcomers
from outlying towns and even other states. A new bank, the Salem Bank, was
formed in 1803, and there were two insurance companies and several societies
and associations. The fierce politics and commercial rivalries continued. The
ferment of the times is captured in the diary of Rev. William Bentley, bachelor
minister of Salem's East Church (it stood on Essex Street, near Washington
Square), and editor of the Register newspaper. Mr. Bentley's diary is full of
references to the civic and commercial doings of the town, and to the lives and
behaviors of all classes of society. On Union Street, not far from Mr. Bentley's
church, on the fourth of July, 1804, was born a boy who would grow up to
eclipse all sons of Salem in the eyes of the world: Nathaniel Hawthorne, who~e
father would die of fever while on a voyage to the Caribbean in 1808. This kind
of untimely death was all too typical of Salem's young seafarers, who fell prey to
malaria and other diseases of the Caribbean and Pacific tropics.
In 1806 the Derbys extended their wharf far out into the harbor, tripling its
previous length. This they did to create more space for warehouses and shipberths in the deeper water, at just about the time that the Crowninshields had built
their great India Wharf at the foot of English Street. The other important
wharves were Forrester's (now Central, just west of Derby Wharf), and Union
Wharf (formerly Long Wharf), extending from the foot of Union Street, west of
Forrester's Wharf. To the west of Union Wharf, a number of smaller wharves
extended into the South River (filled in during the late 1800s), all the way to the
foot of Washington Street. Among the most important of these were Ward's,
Ome's, and Joseph Peabody's, which extended from the foot of what is now
Hawthorne Boulevard. Each of the smaller wharves had a warehouse or two,
shops for artisans (coopers, blockmakers, joiners, etc.). The waterfront between
Union Street and Washington Street also had lumber yards and several ship
chandleries and distilleries, with a Market House at the foot of Central Street,
below the Custom House. The wharves and streets were crowded with shoppers,
hawkers, sailors, artisans ("mechanics"), storekeepers, and teamsters; and just
across the way, on Stage Point along the south bank of the South River, wooden
barks and brigs and ships were being built in the shipyards. Perhaps Benjamin
Bray, a boatbuilder and shipwright, worked there, or perhaps he had his own
small shipyard, or worked at Becket's, off Becket Street.
�Salem's boom came to an end with a crash in January, 1808, when Jefferson and
the Congress imposed an embargo on all American shipping in hopes of
forestalling war with Britain. The Embargo, which was widely opposed in New
England, proved futile and nearly ruinous in Salem, where commerce ceased and
families began to wonder how they would survive. In the midst of this
uncertainty, Benjamin Bray, 33, fell ill; and on June 3, 1808, he died of
consumption (pneumonia or tuberculosis), "a worthy man" (per Rev. Wm.
Bentley), leaving Margaret with the care of several young children, including
infants. Joseph Lambert, gentleman, became guardian of some of the Bray
children.
In August, 1808, Mrs. Margaret Bray bought the house-lot on Carlton Street. In
the winter of 1808-9, Mrs. Bray, 30, was courted by a newcomer in Salem,
Francisco Paolo Astranan, 26, a barber from Sicily who had arrived in Salem in
September in the Salem ship Traveller, Capt. Richard Ward Jr. (see Ship
Registers ofDistrict ofSalem & Beverly). Mr. Astranan went by the "Englished"
name of Francis P. Ashton, and started a successful barbering business in Salem.
He and Margaret wed on 29 January 1809; and they would have at least two
children, Lucy Ann and Micalah (born 1817; Francisco's mother's name; it was
handed down in the family but was usually written Mickaler! ). (Info on Mr.
Ashton from 1 Dec. 1865 obituary, Salem Gazette, and from p. 106, H.P.
Hadley's 200 Years ofMasonry in Essex Lodge; photo).
Other Italians had settled in Salem at about this time. Peter Barras, a mariner and
shopkeeper, was here, as was Michele F. Come, a noted painter of seascapes,
who resided on Charter Street and taught painting, did decorative painting of
houses interiors and ship-cabins, and sold his artworks. Joseph Monarch, a
mariner, of Naples, also settled in Salem, and probably was a very close friend of
Francis Ashton. Mr. Monarch named one of his sons Francis Ashton in his
honor; that son later changed his name to Francis M. Ashton. In January, 1817,
Mr. Ashton loaned $200 to Joseph Monarch to help him buy a house (ED
212:206).
As a hotbed of Democratic-Republicanism, Salem's East Parish and its seafarers,
led by the Crowninshields, loyally supported the Embargo until it was lifted in
spring, 1809. Shunned by the other Salem merchants for his support of the
Embargo, the eminent merchant William "Billy" Gray took his large fleet of
ships-fully one-third of Salem's tonnage--and moved to Boston. Gray's move
to Boston permanently eliminated much of Salem's wealth, shipping, importexport cargoes, and local employment. Gray soon switched from the Federalist
�party and was elected Lt. Governor under Gov. Elbridge Gerry, a native of
Marblehead.
In this new house (assuming it was standing by 1809), the Bray children were
growing up, although it is possible that some were sent to live with relatives.
Margaret Hill Ellison (1776-1819), d/o Capt. John Ellison & Elizabeth Ulmer,
died "suddenly" 6 July 1819 and was buried at Charter Street Graveyard. She
m. 2 March 1794 Benjamin Bray (1775-1808), son of John Bray & Eunice
Becket, died of consumption on 3 June 1808. She m/2 29 Jan. 1809 Francisco
P. Astranan (Francis P. Ashton) (1783-1865) born 5 Feb. 1783 Palermo, Sicily,
s/o Thomas Astranan & Michela Campanella, died 26 Nov. 1865 in Salem. He
m/2 5 Dec. 1819 Rachel (Gwinn) Hall (1789-1850+), d/o Thaddeus Gwinn &
Mercy Beadle of Salem. Known issue ofMargaret, surnames Bray and
Ashton:
1. John Bray, 1795 (m. 1817 Margaret Roundy) Boston printer 1821.
2. Benjamin Bray, 1797, died of quinsy 20 Jan. 1799, aged 15 months
3. Margaret Bray, m. 1820 Jonathan C. Taylor, Salem boatbuilder 1821,
pump & block-maker later
4. Eliza Bray, m. David Robinson, Boston horse-letter
5. Benjamin Bray, 1801, m. 8 Sept.1825 Mary Lane
6. Daniel Bray, Salem mariner 1826 (m. 1828 Pheba Skidmore)
7. William Bray
8. Lucy Ann Ashton, m. William N. Nassau; issue
a. W.N. Nassau Jr.
b. Arethusa W. Nassau.
9. Mica/ah (Mickelar) Ashton, 1817, hp 1824, m. Mr. Snow; issue
a. Mickelar Ashton Snow (b.1836) m. Jonathan Davis
b. Margaret Ellison Snow
c. Francis P.A. Snow (b. 1846)
d. James F. Snow m. Sophia E.
The house was owned by Margaret alone, and not with her second husband Mr.
Ashton, who was noted for his uprightness and high standards and may have
refused to take an ownership interest in the house in order to ensure that his stepchildren received an inheritance. His barber shop was likely situated in this
house. The 1812 real estate valuations are the first to note Mr. Ashton's presence
in Salem (Mrs. Margaret Ashton, the owner, was not listed in the valuations of
�1809-1811 either). In 1812 (ward one) he was listed as "Francis F.A. Ashton,
barber," and paid taxes on "part house & shop" worth $300 and $100 in income.
In 1813 he was listed as Francis P. Ashton, with identical property and values.
Salem resumed its seafaring commerce for three years after the end of the
Embargo, but still the British preyed on American shipping; and in June, 1812,
war was declared against Britain. Although Salem had opposed the war as being
potentially ruinous and primarily for the benefit of the southern and western warhawk states, yet when war came, Salem swiftly fitted out 40 privateers manned
by Marblehead and Salem crews, who also served on U.S. Navy vessels,
including the Constitution. Many more could have been sent against the British,
but some of the Federalist anti-war merchants held their vessels back. In
addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and artillery. Salem and
Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making prizes of British supply
vessels. While some were wounded in engagements, and some were killed, the
possible riches of privateering kept the men returning to sea as often as possible.
The first prizes were captured by a 30-ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame,
and by a 14-ton luxury yacht fitted with one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem
privateers, the Crowninshields' 350-ton ship America was the most successful.
She captured 30-plus prizes worth more than $1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the British warships
that cruised these waters. In June, 1813, off Marblehead Neck, the British frigate
Shannon defeated the U.S. Navy frigate Chesapeake. The Federalists would not
allow their churches to be used for the funeral of the Chesapeake's slain
commander, James Lawrence ("Don't give up the ship!"). Almost a year later, in
April, 1814, the people gathered along the shores of Salem Neck as three sails
appeared on the horizon and came sailing on for Salem Bay. These vessels
proved to be the mighty Constitution in the lead, pursued by the smaller British
frigates Tenedos and Endymion. The breeze was light, and the British vessels
gained, but Old Ironsides made it safely into Marblehead Harbor, to the cheers of
thousands.
On land, the war went poorly for the United States, as the British captured
Washington, DC, and burned the Capitol and the White House. Along the
western frontier, U.S. forces were successful against the weak English forces;
and, as predicted by many, the western expansionists had their day. At sea, as
time wore on, Salem's vessels often were captured, and its men imprisoned or
killed. After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town dry, and the
menfolk were disappearing. Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British
�prison-ships and at Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in
1814, New England Federalist delegates met to consider what they could do to
bring the war to a close and to restore the region's commerce. Sen. Timothy
Pickering of Salem led the extreme Federalists in proposing a series of demands
which, if not met by the federal government, could lead to New England's
seceding from the United States; but the Pickering faction was countered by
Harrison G. Otis of Boston and his moderates, who prevailed in sending a
conciliatory message to Congress.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored.
Post-war, the Salem merchants rebuilt their fleets and resumed their worldwide
trade, slowly at first, and then to great effect. The eldest Bray son, John, may
have fought, as a teenager, on privateers. After the war he became a printer, and
in 1817 married Margaret Roundy. They soon had a first child, a daughter; and
at just that time John's mother, Margaret Ashton, 42, had her last child, a
daughter named Micalah. Mr. Ashton had continued to prosper in his work as
barber and hair-dresser. In February, 1818, he joined Essex Lodge of Masons.
In July, 1819, at the age of 44, Mrs. Margaret H. (Ellison) Bray Ashton died,
probably at home. The effect on her children, some of them quite young, may be
imagined. Like most men of that time, Mr. Ashton sought a new wife to help him
raise the children; and on 5 December 1819 he married Rachel (Gwinn) Hall. In
1809 she had married Spence Hall, who had died in 1816. Evidently the Halls
had had no children. Rachel now became step-mother to the Bray and Ashton
children. In 1820 the house was occupied as a duplex, with families headed by
Francis Ashton and his step-son John Bray (1820 census, p. 40). Mr. Ashton's
family consisted of himself, his new wife, and two little girls, probably Lucy Ann
and Micalah. Mr. Bray's family consisted of himself, his wife, and a little girl.
The other Bray children were living elsewhere, perhaps as apprentices or in the
family of their sister, Margaret, who married Jonathan Taylor in 1820.
In March, 1821, the Probate Court set off to the little Ashton girls the north front
room and the north kitchen and a small piece of land at the northwest part of the
house lot, with certain rights to pass to and fro over the other land (ED 227:46).
This left the rest of the property in the ownership of the Bray siblings. It is likely
that Mr. Ashton and his new wife and his two daughters moved elsewhere in
1820-1. In November, 1820, he (through a trustee) purchased for $180 a plot of
land on Bridge Street, near Pleasant, and he moved a building onto there to serve
as his house and barber shop (ED 224:221). It seems likely that the two Ashton
�rooms were rented out to John Bullock (1781-1854), a laborer who lived here
with his wife Elizabeth (Cloutman) Bullock, and their daughters Elizabeth and
Mary Ann.
Into the 1820s the foreign trade continued prosperous; and new markets were
opened with Madagascar (1820), which supplied tallow and ivory, and Zanzibar
(1825), whence came gum copal, used to make varnish. This opened a huge and
lucrative trade in which Salem dominated, and its vessels thus gained access to
all of the east African ports. The pre-war partisan politics of the town were not
resumed post-war, as the middle-class "mechanics" (artisans) became more
powerful and brought about civic harmony, largely through the Salem Charitable
Mechanic Association (founded 1817). Salem's general maritime foreign
commerce fell off sharply in the late 1820s. Imports, which were the cargoes in
Salem ships, were supplanted by American goods, now being produced in great
quantities. The interior of the country was being opened for settlement, and
many Salemites moved away to these new lands of opportunity. To the north, the
falls of the Merrimack River powered large new textile mills (Lowell was
founded in 1823 ), which created great wealth for their investors; and in general it
seemed that the tide of opportunity was ebbing away from Salem. In an
ingenious attempt to stem the flow of talent from the town and to harness its
potential water power for manufacturing, Salem's merchants and capitalists
banded together in 1826 to raise the money to dam the North River for industrial
power. The project, which began with much promise, was suspended Gust before
construction began) in 1827, which demoralized the town even more, and caused
several Salemites to move to Boston, the hub of investment in the new economy.
Mr. Ashton was among them, as were John Bray and his sister Mrs. Eliza Bray
Robinson; but most of the Brays stayed in Salem.
On 1 Sept. 1821 Jonathan C. Taylor, Salem pump- and block-maker, paid $200 to
John Bray, printer, and David Robinson, horse-letter, and wife Eliza, all of
Boston, for their 2/6 interest in a half-house and its lot of land on Carlton Street
(ED 236:260). This gave the Taylors a half-interest in the homestead; they
probably resided here for a few years, in the southwest end of the house (which
seems to have been set off to them), and then purchased and moved into a house
on nearby Neptune Street (part of Charter Street nearest Derby Street). On 22
February 1825 the Taylors for $300 sold to Benjamin Bray, a Salem coach- and
chaise-body maker, their 3/6 undivided interest in the dwelling house and other
buildings on a lot in Carlton Street. The lot fronted 25' on the street and ran back
about 70' deep, where it made an ell. Certain parts of the house and land were
�still reserved to the Ashton girls (ED 236:259). The lot was bounded on the
northwest on the other half of the house and on the southeast by land of Ranson.
On 15 May 1826 Daniel Bray 3d, Salem mariner, for $100 sold his one-sixth of
the premises to Benjamin Bray, who also bought (on 8 July 1826 for $100) the
1/6 right of William Bray, Salem mariner (ED 240:232, 243: 93). Thus Benjamin
Bray, Salem coach and chaise-body maker, acquired the last outstanding shares
in the homestead (other than the Ashtons'), which he now owned.
The younger Brays, William and Daniel, who grew up here, had interesting
careers as sailors. Daniel, a mariner, married Pheba Skidmore in 1828 and
resided at 21 Becket Street in 1836 and 1841, and at 104 Essex Street in 1845.
His brother, William Bray, had been involved in one of the most notorious
episodes in Salem's long seafaring history. In May, 1830, William Bray, aged
about 25, sailed as ship's carpenter on board the Silsbee, Pickman & Stone ship
Friendship, Capt. Charles M. Endicott and a crew of 16, bound to Sumatra to
trade for pepper. Having arrived on the west coast of their destination, they kept
guard against the often-hostile Malays as the pepper (300,000 lbs. for William
Silsbee) was loaded on the ship, anchored about ¾ mile off the port of Quallah
Battoo. One hot morning, while the captain and a few of the crew were on shore,
a boatload Malays came alongside with pepper and were allowed to come on
board the Friendship to help in loading. The mate did not heed his crewmen's
alarm at the number of natives on the decks. Suddenly they attacked, using their
razor-sharp "creese" swords to kill and wound several of the Salem men. Cut off
from guns and handspikes on board, four of the crew jumped overboard. William
Bray and his three companions swam two miles to a remote point, and hid,
naked, in the jungle. Traveling by night and enduring scorching sunburns as they
hid in low brush by day, they spent four days without food and with little drink,
and finally arrived at the house of a friendly rajah, Po Adam, who joyfully
informed them that the Friendship had been re-taken by Captain Endicott and a
group from two other American vessels. Four other crewmen had also escaped to
the shore, one of them badly hurt: Charles Converse, grievously wounded in the
initial assault, had pulled himself up the anchor chains at night and dragged
himself on board the vessel, where he was thought to be dead and left
undisturbed until the Americans re-took the Friendship. The others (five) had
been slain. In the next year, the frigate Potomac was dispatched to Quallah
Battoo, whose forts were taken and destroyed and many Malays killed. For more
information about this episode, see G.G. Putnam's article in EIHC 57, among
other sources.
�In 1830 (census, p. 374) the Benjamin Brays and John Bullocks resided here. In
that year a horrifying crime brought disgrace to Salem. Old Capt. Joseph White,
a wealthy merchant, owned and resided in the house now called the GardnerPingree house, on Essex Street. One night, intruders broke into his mansion and
stabbed him to death. All of Salem buzzed with the news of murderous thugs;
but the killer was a Crowninshield (a local crime-boss who killed himself at the
Salem Jail), hired by his friends, Capt. White's own relatives, Capt. Joseph
Knapp and his brother Frank (they were executed by hanging). The results of the
investigation and trial uncovered much that was lurid about Salem, and more of
the respectable families quit the notorious town.
15 March 1831 Benjamin Bray, Salem coach and chaisebody maker for $1500
mortgaged to Peter E. Webster, Salem trader, the dwelling house and land on
Carlton Street (excepting Lucy Ann & Merchaler Ashton's portion) (ED
259:106). With the mortgage money, Mr. Bray evidently enlarged the house by
raising the roofline in front and extending it as a two-story leanto toward the rear,
thus adding three or four new small rooms in back. It is likely that the chimneys
(as indicated by the brick foundation arches in the cellar), which had once run up
the end wall of the original house, remained in place and had fireplaces facing
back into the new rooms as well forward into the old rooms.
Benjamin Bray was thirty in 1831, and operated a coach-making business with a
workshop (by 1836) at 15 Union Street. In 1825 he had married Mary Lane; and
they had three daughters by 1835. Mary (Lane) Bray was born in Salem in 1801,
the daughter of shipmaster Capt. William Lane and his wife Elizabeth Brown of
Derby Street. Mary had two older sisters and four younger brothers. Her
grandfather, Nicholas Lane, a sailmaker, had come to Salem from Gloucester.
By 1836, the house was occupied by the Benjamin Brays and by the John
Bullocks (see 1837 Salem Directory). Artisans and laborers like Messrs. Bray
and Bullock looked on with concern as Salem's remaining merchants moved
quickly to take their equity out of wharves and warehouses and ships and put it
into manufacturing and transportation, as the advent of railroads and canals in the
1830s diverted both capital and trade away from the coast. Some merchants did
not make the transition, and were ruined. Old-line areas of work, like ropemaking, sail-making, and ship chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared.
Well into the 1830s, Salem slumped badly.
Despite all, Salem was chartered as a city in 1836. City Hall was built 1837-8
and the city seal was adopted with an already-anachronistic Latin motto of "to the
�farthest port of the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!" The Panic
of 183 7, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even more
Salem families to head west in search of fortune and a better future. Salem had
not prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages. The North
River served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste from the many
tanneries (23 by 1832) that had set up along its banks. Throughout the 1830s, the
leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an economy for their fellow citizens,
many of whom were mariners without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity,
ambition, and hard work would have to carry the day.
One inspiration was the Salem Laboratory, Salem's first science-based
manufacturing enterprise, founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant
built in 1818 in North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and blue
vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business. Salem's whalefishery, active for many years in the early 1800s, led, in the 1830s, to the
manufacturing of high-quality candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils.
The candles proved very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and
grew large after 1830, when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River were
retooled for making high-quality white lead and sheet lead (the approach to
Marblehead is still called Lead Mills Hill, although the empty mill buildings
burned down in 1960s).
These enterprises were a start toward taking Salem in a new direction. In 183 8
the Eastern Rail Road began operating between Boston and Salem, which gave
the people of Salem and environs a direct route to the region's largest market.
The new railroad tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond; the tunnel
under Washington Street was built in 1839; and the line was extended to
Newburyport in 1840. Mr. Bray's coach-making business was hurt by the
railroad, for the stagcoach lines to Boston and other places were rendered all but
unnecessary. Mr. Bray could not repay the Webster mortgage; and Mr. Webster
foreclosed. In July, 1839, Mr. Webster agreed to convey the premises to Mrs.
Mary L. Bray for Mr. Bray's payment of unpaid balance, $450, in monthly $20
installments (ED 452:196). The Bullocks remained the tenants in the house, and
were joined there by Mrs. Bullock's sister, Sarah Cloutman, a tailoress.
In the 1840s, new companies in new lines of business arose in Salem. The
tanning and curing of leather was a very important industry by the mid-1800s. It
was conducted on and near Boston Street, along the upper North River. There
were 41 tanneries in 1844, and 85 in 1850, employing 550 hands. The leather
business would continue to grow in importance throughout the 1800s. Iri 1846
�the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company completed the construction at Stage Point
of the largest factory building in the United States, 60' wide by 400' long. It was
an immediate success, and hundreds of people found employment there, many of
them living in industrial tenements built nearby. Also in the 1840s, a new method
was introduced to make possible high-volume industrial shoe production. In
Lynn, the factory system was perfected, and that city became the nation's leading
shoe producer. Salem had shoe factories too, and attracted shoe workers from
outlying towns and country areas. Even the population changed, as hundreds of
Irish families, fleeing the Famine, settled in Salem; and the-men went to work in
the factories and as laborers.
During the 1840s, with a family of six children to support, Benjamin Bray drew
on his considerable ingenuity to modernize his coach-building business. He was
a talented designer, and applied himself to improving the functioning of windows
and window curtains. Two of his creations were clever enough to earn him
patents. He participated in the first Exhibition of the Salem Charitable Mechanic
Association at the Mechanic Hall, on Essex Street at Crombie Street, in
September, 1849; and there was awarded a diploma in the category of New
Inventions. The diploma was accompanied by the following appraisal by the
judges:
"Car Window Spring and Curtain Fixtures, by Benjamin Bray of Salem.
This is an ingenious application of springs and rollers to window sashes, to
prevent the friction which sometimes occurs, and to allow them to be elevated
or depressed with ease, at the same time, by a simple contrivance, the
window remains suspended at any point of elevation. Something of this kind
would be of very obvious utility in the construction of our car windows,
which are often obstinately fixed at a point, in spite of the efforts of the
conductors and passengers to open or close them. The objection that the
rattling of the cars would continually tend to close the window is theoretically
removed by a contrivance which puts the window in equilibrium with the
spring, and thus produces the same condition as of the weights and pulleys in
the common house window.
"The arrangement of the curtain, though not altogether new in principle,
is, so far as the knowledge of the Committee extends, new in its application
to window curtains, and seems to possess decided advantages over those in
common use. By closing completely at the sides, it not only excludes the
sun, but also operates favorably as a double window to exclude the cold air,
thus contributing materially to comfort of our parlors."
�The talented Mr. Bray also exhibited "a machine for cutting tapered plugs of any
size." These inventions evidently raised the Bray family out of their financial
difficulties, and gave the family a good level of comfort.
Benjamin Bray (born 1801, son of Benjamin Bray & Margaret Hill Ellison) m.
1825 Mary Lane (born 1801, dlo William Lane & Elizabeth Brown). Known
issue, surname Bray:
1. Mary E., 1826
2. Sarah E., 1831
3. Micalar, 1834
4. Edward L., 1837, mariner 1860
5. WilliamM., 1839, mariner 1860
6. George, 1844
In 1850, the house was occupied by the Benjamin Bray family in ¾ of the rooms,
and by the Bullock sisters, Elizabeth, 38, and Mary Ann, 36, seamstresses, in one
unit, and, in another unit, by the Bullocks' aunt, Miss Sarah Cloutman, 59, a
tailoress (1850 census, ward one, house 192). In 1851, Mr. & Mrs. Bray paid off
the money owed ($375) to Mr. Webster, who had died (ED 452:197, 458:30).
Mr. Bray had made the transition from a coach-builder to a manufacturer of
curtain fixtures. He continued to prosper in the 1850s. In August, 1859, for $100
he purchased from Lucy Ann (Ashton) Nassau her right in the property, and the
right of one of the heirs of her sister, Merchalor (Ashton) Snow (ED 591 :299).
He evidently purchased the other three Ashton-Snow rights, and thus came into
ownership of the Ashton rooms and land, and so owned the whole house and its
lot. With this purchase and the Bray take-over of the Ashton rooms, the Misses
Bullock and their aunt Cloutman moved elsewhere. In 1860 the Benjamin Bray
family resided here, including the three sons, Edward, William, and George, of
whom the first two were sailors (1860 census, house 1247).
Mr. Francis P. Ashton, who had left for Boston about 1825 with his wife Rachel
and little daughters, had prospered in the metropolis, and had saved a good deal
of money. In September, 1834, he had sold his Bridge Street house and shop for
$1100 (ED 278:54). By 1845 he was ready to retire from hair-dressing in
Boston, and he looked to Salem. In March, 1845, he paid $1200 for a house and
land on Dearborn Street, North Salem, and moved back to the town where he had
first arrived from Sicily in 1808. By 1850 he and his wife Rachel were caring for
two of his grandchildren, Mickler Ashton Snow, 13, and Francis P. Ashton Snow,
�four, who lived in their home (1850 census, ward four, house 96). Mr. Ashton
had enough money at that time that he was loaning it out at interest (ED 437:266)
and was "dispensing great sums of money in acts of private charity" (per his
obituary).
Salem continued to change in the 1850s. Some members of Salem's waning
merchant class continued to pursue their sea-borne businesses; but even the
conditions of shipping changed, and Salem was left on the ebb tide. In the late
1840s, giant clipper ships replaced the smaller vessels that Salem men had sailed
around the world; and the clippers, with their deep drafts and large holds, were
usually too large for Salem and its harbor. The town's shipping soon consisted of
little more than Zanzibar-trade vessels and visits from Down East coasters with
cargoes of fuel wood and building timber. By 1850 Salem was about finished as
a working port. A picture of Salem's sleepy waterfront is given by Hawthorne in
his "introductory section" (really a sketch of Salem) to The Scarlet Letter,
which he began while working in the Custom House.
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years, during which
hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy, and many were killed or
died of disease or abusive treatment while imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered
wounds, or broken health. The people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to
alleviate the suffering of the soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was
great celebration when the war finally ended in the spring of 1865.
During the war years, the Bray family moved to Boston. By 1865, the house was
occupied by one Parker Bray and by Charles Fillebrown, 29, a varnisher &
polisher, wife Mary E., 28, and son Charles H., seven (1865 census, Ward One,
house 469). Charles Fillebrown had been a brave soldier during the war, and had
served as a private, from Salem, in July, 1862, in Co. G, First Regiment, Mass.
Volunteer Heavy Artillery. The Regiment was assigned to ordinary duty in forts
near Washington, DC, for a year and more. The outfit saw its first action in the
spring of 1864. At the Battle of Harris Farm, in Virginia, on May 19, the
Regiment lost 54 men killed (Major Rolfe included) and 312 wounded, with 27
missing. The outfit remained in the campaign against Petersburg, and on June 16,
lost 25 killed and 132 wounded in an ill-fated assault on the entrenchments.
Charles Fillebrown was one of those wounded. His wounds were evidently
severe, and he was mustered out in July, 1864. (see Mass. Soldiers, Sailors,
Marines in Civil War, 5:610). He resided at One Carlton Street by 1870.
�Francis P. Ashton, 82, survived to see the end of the Civil War. He died in
November, 1865. In his obituary (1 Dec. 1865 Salem Gazette) it was satted that
he retired from business in the 1840s and lived in retirement on Dearborn Street,
making many charitable donations so that "many a poor family now sincerely
mourns his loss. He was guided through life by a strict, stem, unbending moral
principle, and for this he was honored and respected by all."
Through the 1860s and 1870s, Salem continued to pursue a manufacturing
course. The managers and capitalists tended to builp their new, grand houses
along Lafayette Street (these houses may still be seen, south of Roslyn Street).
For the workers, they built more and more tenements near the mills of Stage
Point. A second, larger, factory building for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton
Company would be added in 1859, and a third in 1865; and by 1879 the mills
would employ 1200 people and produce annually 14,700,000 yards of cloth.
Shoe-manufacturing also continued to expand, and by 1880 Salem would have 40
shoe factories employing 600-plus operatives. More factories and more people
required more space for buildings, more roads, and more storage areas.
In 1870 this was the residence of the Stickneys and Mearas. Charles Stickney,
21, a currier in the leather industry, and his new bride Minnie, 20, born in New
Brunswick. Sherman T. Meara, 35, born in Ireland, was a shoe-factory worker;
he lived here with his wife Eugenia E., 32 (born in Mass.), son Frank S., four,
and William Jones, 22, a boarder, born in Maine and working as a teamster (1870
census, ward one, house 139). Mr. Meara was a veteran of the Civil War. In
1862, a bootmaker residing at Tisbury, he had enlisted as a private in the 43d
Regiment, Mass. Volunteer Infantry, for nine months' service, which occurred in
and around Newbern, North Carolina. His regiment saw some skirmishing but
mainly did guard duty. He (a bootmaker of North Bridgewater) enlisted again, in
November, 1863, in the Second Regiment, Mass. Volunteer Heavy Artillery.
This regiment had some Salem officers: Major Samuel C. Oliver (later Lt. Col.)
and Surgeon, Dr. James A. Emmerton. Mr. Meara's Company H was posted to
Fort Monroe, North Carolina, in December, 1863, and in April, 1864, was
engaged in a battle with Gen. Hoke's rebels. After brave resistance, Co. G and
Co. H, 275 men, were captured by the Rebels, and the men sent off to
Confederate prisons, where most of the men died in sub-human conditions. Mr.
Meara escaped from prison on Feb. 22 and made his way back to his regiment,
where he was promoted to sergeant and served out the war at Newbern. He was
mustered out on 8 July 1865, and soon after came to Salem (see MSSMCW,
4:268, 5 :732).
�On 17 September 1874 Mrs. Mary Lane Bray, widow of Benjamin Bray, of
Boston, for $1825 sold to John Collins of Salem, the house and land here fronting
38' on Carlton Street (ED 912:226). Thus, after more than 60 years, the
homestead passed out of the family ownership.
The new owner, Mr. Collins, 44, was a laborer, born in Ireland. He and his wife
Catherine, 54, had a daughter, Mary Ann, 20. They made the house a duplex,
and rented out one unit to tenants. By 1880 the Collins family lived here in one
unit (Mary Ann, 26, was working as a cigar maker); while in the other lived a
widower, William Kane, 45, tinsmith, born in Ireland (he had come to Mass. by
1856), and his children William Jr., 23, a barber, daughter Nellie, 21, a
dressmaker, and sons John, 18, cigar maker, James, 11, and Thomas, 7 (1880
census). The Kanes were still here in 1884, when Mr. Kane had his tinsmith's
shop at 31 Central Street, on the inner harbor.
About 1882 Mary Ann Collins married Bartholomew N. Flynn, a laborer; but Mr.
Flynn died on 12 Aril 1885 leaving her a young widow. In 1885-6 the house was
occupied by the Collinses, Mrs. Flynn, and William Martin, who worked at the
gas works off Bridge Street (Salem Directory). John Collins, the owner, died in
the late 1880s; and by 1890 the residents here were his widow Catherine, his
widowed dughter Mary Ann Flynn, cigar maker, and Henry Randall, a
"yachtsman" probably meaning a crewman on a yacht (see Directory).
After withstanding the pressures of the new industrial city for about 50 years,
Salem's rivers began to disappear. The once-broad North River was filled from
both shores, and became a canal along Bridge Street above the North Bridge.
The large and beautiful Mill Pond, which occupied the whole area between the
present Jefferson A venue, Canal Street, and Loring A venue, finally vanished
beneath streets, storage areas, junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots. The South
River, too, with its epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a Custom
House built there in 1805) disappeared under the pavement of Riley Plaza and
New Derby Street, and its old wharves (even the mighty Union Wharf, formerly
Long Wharf, at the foot of Union Street) were joined together with much in-fill
and turned into coal-yards and lumber-yards. Only a canal was left, running in
from Derby and Central Wharves to Lafayette Street.
By 1893 William G. Dodge, shoemaker, and family, were the tenants, while Mrs.
Collins and Mrs. Flynn occupied the other unit. In March, 1895, Mrs. Ctaherine
Collins conveyed the premises to her daughter, Mrs. Mary Ann Flynn (ED
1437:294). Mrs. Collins evidently died in the next two years. Mrs Flynn would
�continue to live here for another 50 years, with various tenants moving in and
out. By 1897 the tenants were Michael E. Tivnan, a morocco dresser (leatherworker) and Miss Clara J. Tivnan, a shoe-stitcher, probably with their mother,
Marie, a nurse, widow of Michael Tivnan. Mrs. Tivnan lived here through 1906,
and by 1908 had moved to 4 Messervy Street with her children (Charles, Clara,
and Joseph, a police officer).
Salem kept building infrastructure; and new businesses arose, and established
businesses expanded. Retail stores prospered, and machinists, carpenters,
millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. Starting in the 1870s, FrenchCanadian families began coming to work in Salem's mills and factories, and
more houses and tenements were built in what had been open areas of the city.
The Canadians were followed in the early 20th century by large numbers of Polish
and Ukrainian families, who settled primarily in the Derby Street neighborhood.
By the eve of World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported
large department stores and large factories of every description. Its politics were
lively, and its economy was strong.
The owner, Mrs. Flynn, lived here alone in 1907-8. By 1911 her tenant was Mrs.
Joanna Leahy, widow of James. In 1913-1914 Mrs. Mary Ann Collins Flynn was
alone here again. On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston
Street opposite Federal), a fire started in one of Salem's fire-prone wooden
tanneries. This fire soon consumed the building and raced out of control, for the
west wind was high and the season had been dry. The next building caught fire,
and the next, and out of Blubber Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous
front of flame and smoke, wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street,
and upper Broad Street, and then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop,
Endicott, and other residential streets. Men and machines could not stop it: the
enormous fire crossed over into South Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods
west of Lafayette Street, then devoured the mansions of Lafayette Street itself,
and raged onward into the tenement district. Despite the combined efforts of
heroic fire crews from many towns and cities, the fire overwhelmed everything in
its path: it smashed into the large factory buildings of the Naumkeag Steam
Cotton Company (Congress Street), which exploded in an inferno; and it rolled
down Lafayette Street and across the water to Derby Street. There, just beyond
Union Street, after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died, having consumed 250
acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories, and leaving three dead and thousands
homeless. Some people had insurance, some did not; all received much support
and generous donations from all over the country and the world. It was one of
the greatest urban disasters in the history of the United States, and the people of
�Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually, they did, and many of the
former houses and businesses were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal projects
(including Hawthorne Boulevard, which involved removing old houses and
widening old streets) were put into effect.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its tercentenary in 1926
was a time of great celebration. Mrs. Mary Ann (Collins) Flynn lived here
through 1942, with various tenants (in 1920, Emma & Wladislaw Zawacki, a
shoeworker, & family; in 1942 Edward N. Tripp and wife Lillian, who ran the
Salem Recreation Craft Shop in the rear of the house). In 1943 the Salem
Savings Bank took possession of the premises; Mrs. Flynn moved out but the
Tripps stayed on.
Salem boomed right through to the 1960s, but the arrival of suburban shopping
malls and the relocation of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have
with many other cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its way forward
into the present with success, trading on its share of notoriety arising from the
witch trials, but also from its history as a great seaport and as the home of
Bowditch, McIntire, Bentley, Story, and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a
city where the homes of the old-time merchants, mariners, barbers, and coachbuilders are all honored as a large part of what makes Salem different from any
other place.
--Robert Booth, 13 Oct. 2002 for Historic Salem Inc.
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�437
2877
sex County,
Massachusetts, shown as lot numbered 603'
i,"Home Sites"
II A.
plan of .land
entitle
owned by Frederick H. Griswold, dated O.o tober, 19·25, Thomas
Appleton, C. E.; recorded with Essex County, South District Registry
•
.
of Deeds, book of plans 41, Plan 45 , said parcel of land being bounded:
1southeasterly
.I
by Highland avenue as shown on said plan: 100 feet; North-
.
:easterly by lot 602 as shown •On said plan, 100 feet; Northwesterly by lot
J802 as shown on said plan·~_100 feet; Southwesterly by Fre~an Road as sho
.on said plan, 100 feet.. Said parcel of land oontaining ten thousand
(lOS)()r)
!square
feet of l and according to said plan. Parcel . 2 The land in SALEM, .
.
Essex County, •Massachusetts I being lot numbered 133, as sho'flil on pla:n of
!land
entitled "Home Sites": owned by Frederick H• .Griswold, dated October
.
I
11925, Thomas A. Appl eton, C. E., re~orded with Essex County South Distric1
,Registry of Deeds, Book of Plans 41, Plan 45. Said parcel of land being
!bounded as follows: Southeasterly by Highland Avenue as shown on said pl],
iFifty ( 50) feet; South westerly by lot numbered 106 as shown on said· plan,
:one hundred (100). feet; Northwesterly by lot numb~red 800 as shown on sai4
.plan, Fifty-f~ur .and '72-100 (54. '72 ) feet; Northeasterly by lot numbered
Bf
las shown on said plan, One hundred (100) feet; Said par~el of land containing Five Thousand, Two Hundred and Thirty-Five ( 5235) square feet accordirJs
to said plan. Said premises will be sold subject- to
any and all tax titl
,
tax takings, unpaid taxes and other municipal assessments. Tel!IDB of sale:
One Hundred Dollars to be paid in cash by. the purchaser at the time and ·
place of sale ; balance within ten days t hereafter.
nounced at the sale.
~rtgage.
Other terms to be an-
Signed Henry J. DesRoberts, Present Holder of said
February -10, 1931.
Frdm the office. of James
P. l!ahoney~ 31 Ex-
change Street, Lynn. Mass. Pursuant to said notice at the time and place
~herein appointed; I sold the mortgaged premises at pu~lic auction by Rome
C. King an auctioneer, to Henry J. DesRoberts above named, for One Hundred
I
-~$100,00) Dollars bid by Henry 1, DeeRobert, being tbe h;gheat bid mode
herefor at sai d auct ion
Henry J. DesRoberts
(se.§1)
igned and sworn to by the said· Henry J. DesRoberts March 10th·, 1931;
before
me
l
James P.• •Mahoney
Notary •Public
t:: ::•:•p:::::~;:::.• ::~':::.:~=~•::- -
Fl-
L
lty, Massachusetts, being a widow; for cos.sideration paid; grant to the Salem .· to
Savings Bank, a corporation duly established by law and located in Salem
I
.
.
.
.
-.,.....-~ .- - -~~
t
I
jNANTS, to secure t he payment of One Tho~sand Doll~ in on~ year with five
:end oue•helf per oeut iut.e_re•t per annum, pe,nble ,q,,art.e~l•~ • • provide:
.
Salem Sav.Bk.
1in the County of Essex and Commonweal th of ,Massachusetts, with MORTGAGE C
'
,
P. SS l.f
JS~-
~'33 S.l.
£
3 S>
➔
> G> . ' '
�---·
438
1
-
-·
-- -
-
.. -- -
--
, a note of even date, the land. in said SALEt.r w'i th the buildings .thereon,
i.
ibounded. as follows: South'testerly by Carlton Street thirty-eigh~ (38) f eet;
;Northwesterly by land now or fornerly of Joseph _D anforth seventy (70) fee~;
\
.
.
.
'Northeasterly by land now or ·formerly of "Jonathan Br own and by land now or
,fol'IIJ3riy of Peter Berry thirty-seven {37) feet; Southeasterly by_land now!
:or formerly of Cato Ransom seventy (70) feet.
Being the same premises con-
veyed to my father John Collins by deed of Mary .L. Bray dated Septembe~
11;
.1874,. and. recorded with .Essex South District
Deeds .. Book 912, Page 226,
'
JDY,
.
;
title -being derived as heir-at"".law of said John Colli~. S~e also deed
lfrom my mother _Catherine Collins to me, dated .March 6~ 1895, and recorded ,
'
•
•
I
with said Deeds, Book 143.7, Page 294.
This mortgage is upon the Statutory
,Condition ~ and upon the further condition .that the grantor or her heirs, '
!executors~ administrators or ~ssigns shall pay all truces and assessments on
)said premises, whether in the nature of taxes or assessments now i n being '
.or
not, shall keep the buildings now
or hereafter standing thereon
insurea:I
I
•
•
;against fire in a sum satisfactory to said Bank or its successors or assigns ,
all insurance to be made payable i n case of loss to said Bank or its sue- :
,cessors or assigns, and shall
~
to said Bank or its successors or assigns
iall such sums with interest as it or they may pay or incur for such truces ,1
assessments
.
.or insurance~ or on account of any foreclosure proceedings here'
-under, whether completed or not; for. any breach of which the mortgagee sha;:i.l
have the Statutory Power Of Sale .
And said Bank and its successors and e.s·
I
l igns shall have the further right to cancel and surrender any insure.nee
i
.policies and collect the proceeds t~refrom in case of e.ny sale made here-,
:under~ and to retain out of the ~roceeds of any such sale one per cent of !
ithe purchase money for its or their services in ~aking such sale; any pur
7
,chaser e.t such sale shall be held to claim hereunder in case of any defect'
!in said sale ; e.nd any entry made for the purpose of foreclosing this mort-:
1
gage she.11 .enure to and for the benefit of the purchaser at such se.l~. WIT.-
NESS my hand and seal this eighth day of April in the ye~r nineteen hundre~
)
e.nd tqirty-one.
· J4ary A. Flynn
'
.In presence of Daniel C. Fitz
COMMO.NnALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS :
)Essex, as: On this eighth day
ot April 1931, before me personally .appeared
Mary A. Flynn to me !mown to be the person described in and who executed ,
t lie foregoing instrument, and acknowledged that she executed the s~ as 1
her free e.ot e.nd deed.
Daniel C. Pitz
Notary Public.
My commission expires April 21, 1933.
I
•
.Essex ss. Received Apr. 8, 1931. 26 m. past 3 P. I. Recorded end h8lllined
I
'
1
I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
�554
1-- -- r
be Ml d to olaill he:"OIUder io. c:ue
or
J
Ceteet. io said n b ; e.od aey e11tr1 ao.d• !1>r tJJ. P'U'JlOBe of foreolosi!lg
tblo aortsas• 1.ball 8Jl.u.re t.o and tor U!A bin.fit of tbe purcbdel' at· su
.elo. Asul I • .Bt.b, t Y. Ierr, wite of odd a¢rlgagor. rtl• e•• to t be
gtgff
oll
r~~• of ~ r .l!ld Hctao.storid a:.d ot..lltr lo.t.eruh
GOrt•
io tb• eort•
gaged pna.i.11,. ~"JSS our hao4a a.ad te-A~S t~h 6th di\)' or ?iO'f01tbor
tilt 1nr ..1.t.otM.11. h.Wldred Md fort1- chree.
ta preetuc-e or
De.o.itl
I
to.
T. Ra1t0t!d Kerr
c. Fitt.
Efaal Y. terr
OOlG!~"l.aALTE 01°KASS.Alll'll:1sirrs l a.;.x, sa: On thla 6tb day of no..1:ber 194 ,
4
bofoH i.e pon~o.ll., o.ppeu&d T. lta,yaood Kerr to • Uon lo be tbe per.Ji.
deoeri b&:l b and wlu,, &Dout.d tile fONftO~ io.at.NDSot, ud 401'.oowledgc<l
thtlt be e2ee11.ted ,he Sli.S!O o.s hh ~ o.ot
ud deed.
Daoiel C, Pih.
4
lb' ~saion expires April ), 1947,
Bsaex u . Reeehed No.,., 6, 194), )) 2. past 9 A.Jt. ~orded a.od E-x.uiitt<rd-!
____ .,._ ......................................_ ....... _.._ ................ - ------ -i
Poua.
n,..
to
Sa.lea Se• . ~.
lw• bere'111 cert.ity tb~t. on t he 3N d.o1 of !fO'\'uber
:tioe bu.od.rod. !ort1•tb.rec we wero ptoAOJl.t and
SftW
io. the fMr one thou~
the S&lem Se.vi naa B&u,
by RolflDd A. Staftley, its Truo.aurer, thereunto dut, au~bori.ed, tbo mrt•
to • oerhia. a:>rt&!)g~ ghea by lte.ry A. !'_110.0 t o tbo s.,1e ■ S&v
v.agee n.o.:,ed
iag3 8a.o.k: dated J\pril 8 , A.D. 19311 a.nil recordeC in ·i:i-,ox Soutb l)iai:ri ct
.
.
Rei;bt.rt ot llt'lda , Book 21!:'n, Pag-e J.J7, :l'll.e a.o o;,ea, pea ceable eod u.oop•
p0aed entry
;o. the Pl'(lus.u eit'll&ted
ia Sel em, deacr ibed. lo aaid D0"8a&•
t or the pupoae, 01 him d.eol&.N1d , ot toi;ecloaioa said oortgsgo tor breeota
of <10ruiitico.1 thereof.
3dgar W. Jo.h.o30G
!!l! 0010011n,.1.'II! or IWlSJ.l:llllS?\"!S
id.ward .&.
)
Merri ll
Basu as. N¢•~·btr 6 , 1943. T'.~ J)eraooall.J a;,;,oen:d \.be aboYe oa11ed Edga.r
, J ohn.so~ NlQ lc!wa.rd • · ll6~rill a.nd !Dade oet.b t hat tbe tibo•e ee rtit icate
by t.h.n subaortbtd is true, before ao D.,,.oJel C. fits
Not el'J Pl.&bHc
lly Coaisaio.a. h piro~ ~U. ), · 19.i,7,
Htt a,, Received Nov. 6, 1943, 40
ir, .
post 9 J..,V, Recot'llod Md 1:umined .
I
I································································- ···-···
Affidavit
as to Kot.ice
of Coodl ,
81 11 or Sale
llanufaotunrt --
Cefttnl He.tl. B'4:.
of t,u
Affidavi t u to dthult i.n payuab unde: a Cond.itio.arel Bill of Sale u
pro•ided le Chapter 18', S&ct.for. 1) or Gel!.•r-al
Lo••
I , Sheldoo 1. Coldt.h
ait, A.uht_lDt Cashier of tbe l!e.t.ufaot1,1;nrs-Co~tral Ratioe&l. ~
et
Ly
0
t~• Assigoee ud· ;rcaoot bol ~~r of tb• CoD41tiottal Bill of Selt . gi•eo bf
ob.a
r.
Flood a.ad Gertrude
iao., ·co;eriag oa,
J).
flood to S;,rc.gue, Breed, Ste•ca;.• &. Newbell,
Mod.el f:!B . )O Stokol Stoker, iast alled in pl'tlliee, &t
51-69 Bol )'Cke Stroe~, 14no, I.a.$$. , oweed br tbe said Jot.ri J. Fl ood acG
ertr-Jde I>. Flood, tbe \~oUce of cocdltiooal. sale bei ~ re~ord.,,a 'Mith !ff
1.
�-------------.---------------------------------ered , the following vote was passed: "Voted, that the Treasurer, and or
the.Asst. Treasurer is hereby authorized and instruct ed to execute , acknow
ledge and deliver in the name and behalf of said Bank, the deed of parti al
release which has just been read. " January 5, 1946
Attest :
Loui se Seely
Cler k
of the Charlestown Five.Cents Savings Bank .
(Corporate seal)
Essex ss . Received Jan. 7, 1946. 2.5 m. past 10 A,M . Recorded and Examined
Discharge of
Statement as to
THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSfflS City of Salem. Office of the Coll ector
Davis
a lien on the hereinafter described parcel of real estate upon the filing
for r ecord or regi str at i on of the statement prescribed by General Laws,
Water Rates
of Taxes
This i s to Certify that the water r ates and charges which becam
Chapt er 40, Section 42B, in Essex, South District Regist r y of Deeds ass c
fied bel ow, have, together with interest and costs thereon , been paid or
legally abated .
Statement Recorded
Book
Page
Owner Named in
Locati on and Description of
Statement of Lien Land
.
11 Feder al St.
Edit h M. Davis
41
January 4, 1946.
C. Leo Clapper Collector of Taxes
THE COMMONVIEALTH OF MASSACHUSfflS)
for City of Salem
"Essex, ss . ·Jan. 4, 1946. Then personally appeared t he above named C. Leo
3205
Clapper, Collector of Taxes, and made oath that the foregoing statement b
him subscribed i s t r ue, before me,
Daniel C. Fitz Notary Public
Essex ss . Received Jan. 7, 1946. 2.5 m. past 10 A.M. Recorded and Examined
------------------------------------------------------------------------~
Lynch Ex:or .
to
James E.Lynch, of Salem,Essex County ,Massachusetts becutor of the Will of
Mary A.Flynn,late of said Salem by the power conferred by license of the
Pr obate Court for the Cou:nty of Essex in the Estat e of said Mary A.Flynn,
Johnston , Jr .
One .50 &One .05 1211857 dated Nov .27 ,1945 and ever y other power,for Three HuDired and thi .t
R.Stamps
nine and 47/100 Dollars paid,grant t o Charles $. Johnston Jr. ,oi' sai d SaleJ
Documentary
Canceled
the l and in said SALEM,bounded and described as follows,v i z: :southwester lf.
by Carlton Street , thirty-eight (38) feet; Northwester ly by land now or
for mer ly of Joseph Danforth seventy (70) feet; Northeaster ly by ·land now
or for merly of Jonathan Brown and by land now or for merl y of Peter Berry
thirty- seven (37) feet; and Southeasterly by land now or formerly o!' Cato
,Ransom seventy (70) feet. See deed to John Collins of Mary L. Br ay, dated
!September 17, 1874, Book 912, Page 2G6 in Essex South Dist rict. Registry 01
l
~eeds, and also in same Registry Book 143°7, Page 294. Taxes for 1946 are
It o be apportioned as of date of deliver y of deed.Said premises are conveye
r••
j ••• • • •
••••~•U•_Sal••
SsvigM ..
B...,,,-• ••••~•d_in.J!,se,Ulo>11'h .Dis~
�_ _ _ _ _ _34_3J_ _ _ _ _ __
· 65
trict Registry of Deeds, Book '21377, Page 437, which a.mounts to $860.53.
WITNESS my hand and seal this fifth day of January 1946.
M.J. Kowalski
)
James E. Lynch
- Essex ss. January 5, 1946. Then personally appeared the above-named Jai es
E. Lynch and acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be hi s free act an(
deed, before me ·
Max J. Kowalski
Notary Public
My co111111ission expires Dec.21949.
Essex ss. Received Jan. 7, 1946. 30 m. past 10 A.M. Recorded and Examine<
THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS Rockport Office of the Collector of
Tax Taking
T~es I, Alvin S. Brown J;·• Collector of Taxes for the Town of Rockpor,
Smith
pursuant and subject to the provisions of General Laws, Chapter 60, Sect oos
to
53 and 54, hereby take for said town the following described land: Lots Town of Rockport
337-338-339-340 .at 1Homeorest 1 so-called, more accurately described on
plan filed with the Board of Assessors,Rockport, Mass. Said land is taki n
for non-payment of taxes as defined in Section 43 of said Chapter 60 ass, ssed
thereon to Amy A.B. Smith for t he year 1944, which were ·not paid within
fourteen days after demand therefor made upon Amy A.B. Smith on April ls1 ,
1945. and now remain unpaid together with interest and incidental expensJs
and costs to the data of taking in the amounts hereinafter specified, afJer
notice of intention to take said land given as required by law. 1944 Taxis
remaining unpaid $3.00 Interest to the Date of Taking .15 Incidental e. penses and Costs to the Date of Taking 5.85 Sum for which Land is taken
$9.00 WITNESS my hand and seal this 31st day of December, 1945.
THE COMMONWEALTH
)
Alvin S. Brown Jr., Collector of Taxes
OF MASSACHUSETTS
)
for the Town of Rockport (Corporate seal)
Essex, ss. December 31, 1945. Then personally appeared the above named A]vin
S. Brown Jr., and ecknuwledged the foregoing instrument to be his free adt
and deed as Collector of Taxes, before me,
Esther E. Johnson
Justice of the Peace (Justice of the Peace seal
My commission expires May 14, 1948
Essex ss. Received Jan.8.1946. 30 m. past 8 A.M. Recorded and :Examined
------------------------------------------------------------------------THE -COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS Rockport Office of the Collector of
Taxes I, Alvin S, Brown Jr., Collector of Taxes for the Town of Rockport,
pursuant and subject to the provisions of General Laws, Chapter 60, Sections 53 end 54, hereby take for said town the following described land:
Tax Taking
· Mull en
to
Town of Rockport
Lots 6 and 7 (at Homecrest) so-called, more accurat!ely described on pl1 ~
d) 3~1g . \J",.3 3~
filed with the Board of Assessors, Town of Rockport, Mass. Said l and is
·
- taken for non-payment of taxes as defined in Section 43 of said Chapter 6
�-1
bdort ••
!
I
tl'tllltst A. la.nnins NQ\uy Public Oiota.rie.l tetl)
~ oOM.ini~ ex.;,U'te 1au. ~. l947
Bi.sex ea. Re:ehed J&i. '1, 1946. l,t •·past, P,ll. Rtcorcletl
~
&r1a
lua.iHd
KNOO .AJJ.· WJl.· B'! Tli!S1 ?Rl!SEIITS , .. · ,b.-Liocolll. CO-<>J!O?•ti•..Bel1X
.r·J.
ll&4sa.e.btatl!tte, tbe a,uote,.g.o nutd ii;; a otrt.aia •ort&9,ge gheo by Juu
R. lilllaiu e.td lluy M. WUUt.:u, hutbud and wi fe do.tea Stpttdler l?,
LD. 193&, Bild rec:>rdei!. wiih l ssei: So\f.h bghtrr ot Deeds, Book: 3M8,
I
Pe,ge 6'1, heeb7 aoktt:Yledgea th.at it hu recei~d fw.l. J>41.0.t a.od aat.i.t
~
tactloo ot tht!! ea.u,
ic. eaiside.ratioo thereof it hereby caneeb end
di echarges said a,rtg-9.ge, Ill TiffBS.S EREO?, the ao.id Lincol:i Co"'9pon
~ the 8aJlk. baa cauaed ih corpoffJ.te l(lo.l to be hereunto a!fhcd. e,o:$ lbeae
J)l'eaenta t.o be eisr,ed, e.ck.M•ldsta and dtl t ,ar~ h) i ta 08.De 604 behalf
br Agoca I. OOt1111.iog i.t.e .bei.tl!l-".lt Tree.1urer thia twe.:itr~aeuoth day or
lio"tellber, A.J>. 1945.
Liocoll Co-openthe Barut (CotpON\e eul)
Si~ed Md aealed }
iD prt1$E!Oee of •
)
COlllO!Wrl.ll-E OF tl.'i.SSACF.USl'I'I'S E300X, u. Hoff
By
Agaes I. Do,oing A&siata.nt Tr eo.:nacr
r
2?, 1945 Tben peravnall,y e.p;u:ued. the •bo,e r.aud AW!et I. Dowt1.U& aa Aa1•
aista.i:.t Trcu...-er and t1,aktowledge,a the toregoiq; in&tnDDt to be tbe
tree ti.ct ar.d dud ct ~ Lincoln. Co~perathe Bank, before
frueis E. I~slla
M~a.ry Publie
E&an: ,a. Receh; d J&D. 1, 1946. 26:
11.
i1IC
1
I
put~ P.)1. Recorded end hulned j
•............•... -·····- ··········-······· ··•••••• •••••••• -·· · - . .•. . . i
Diacluuge
'1h Solca So.,iJB• &Ak, the holder ot tbe .tthlti aortgage, hereb7 aekno1•
Saleo $8,.Bk.
edee• e.athf utio!l of .aod di&ohfl.rgee tbe aaa.
Ori beck M.Oeed
alid Salen Sui :ga
'
Rex:.. B. 28'11
J>.I 431
I
IN ifl'f}IE3S m?RmF , t te
baa caueeci U.e eorpOH\e •al t o be ber e to arr· d.
a.nd tbeae preaen~a to be ei8l-td. ill i tt toM and 'beba.l! by Rolaoa A. Stl!lllfey
&D.t
its Trua\:r'er beNlw.'.o duly aaU:.o.rizeQ, tbh tittb C.$J ot Jsa1ary in tbe ;
year oioeteu bu.o.dtitd CUld for'7 - .d.x. sale.-. Sa,laga Buk(Corpo:ate aeal)
!
CCIOl!tN&U'l'B 01 ilUSSAClll.1Stl"I'S)
'
By lolard A. Stan.lay Treasurer .
Eun, u: Or. tbh ~b de, of ZaeU1.ry 19i6, before • awored Role.DI\ Aj
St,e,ll;lty, to .e pel'Mea.11.J known, wbo, bei.cg by u chtly s.-)rD, did aa, t t
1
be ie the T'r-easu:-er ct -.id Solu So.,irgt ))Mk, &.fd the.t tbe sed o!fi~~
t.o the toregoirg i&atl'll:l8Dt b tl-.e oorporate seal of Mid Ccxr;,nrotlon an
that aaid ioatra.aeut IIOI tie;ned and auled i.D btWI of ea1d Corporat ion
by uthorHy
ot i ta By-1.awe, enG ackllodec!,g'!d ea.id inltNmfnt \ o be the
tzte act &id deed of e&id. ·Corpoi-~Hoa.
?.dwvd !. ».rrill
J'u.stice of the
r.a.c,.
tty cocu,i saio.o •xpire, February 12 1948
r.e,a u . Receh.a Jan. 9, 1946. 33
Ill,
rast ll .;\.~. Reoorded a.n4 &wain
1
I
I
�3450
r,
Cbarie,
s.
J ohnston, J r.
280
Se J em
of
, - - - - - - - - - c.omrty. Mauachvatta.
lawnsh7 a mt ,ry C, lt9WD3bJ
Es, et
f~ amaidrn.tion paid. ,n.at to le mes •
h~~~~~ wtto aa tenants bv the
. . , _ . w.
entirety, both
or sa1 ri Sal em , t o ss1o Couotx of f;;,sox
wilhearnalltllffllllllla
dtelaodin sa1d Salem , bouodod and do:scr1bed as follows; v1~:
-----naian
S0trrHKE.~TEl!LY by Cer l ton Stre et thirty-eight (38) feet;
'I0R'l'lfNE;ITERLY by land now or formerly of Joseph Oanfoi-th s eventy
( 70) feet;
K0RTREA~TE!!LY by land now or f ormer ly of Jonathan Brown and by
land now or f ormerly of Peter Berry thtrty-seven (37) feet: snd
SOU'l'IIEA~TERLY by lend now or formerlr of C9to Rensom ~~venty
•(70 ) feet .
•
Being the same premises conv.e yed to Charles S, J ohnston , J r.". by
' c:ieed ot Jame s E. Lynch, Exe c;utor 1tnder ,'/i ll of .ltAJ'J A. FlyM, re'Oorded
wltb Eaeox Sou th L>ls tri_?t. Re,; is.tr~ of Deeds, Book 3437, P!l<;e 64.
'!
t
l·
,__~,::::=~~dlomit
■llnl-
rnf
h•ad
....i seal
"'i•
ti
2:2
d.ayo,1_.
.. 1t_.,...
r ...
c...
h' - - - - - - . 1194 6
~£4~£~~~~I I ? ~ of
$1
•••dp:mtm
____ ,.,..)ls-aur;.-cccb.__...,.2:;,.,':,.,
-'_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 4 6
Th<ft P<=•lly appcartd th• abo>< namc<l...~ . e.:i...~ms..t.a.o....._,J...,rc...•.___
_ _ _
and ulmowledgtd tltt fortgoing uu1rumcn1 to bt---h.1:i.__ f ~ct and deed, before.me
f
·--~a_~,d'HI'~
... c -- ....,_ Or../"17
N~TUl.,...ftlll
,.fi, 2_
lssu ss. Reeei ved l.!ar. 27, 1946. 4G •• past 11 1,11. Recorded and Rmained.
�3450
281
.. ita .......!Al!le.s..JI.•...J,9:«Illl.bY. •.and. ..111.ar.y...C•....L!lll!rutb~.•... huahe.nd...s.nd...w.•\.f.e., ... s.s. ........•
..i:..e.nant.a.• ...b.Y....the ... ant.1.r.e.t:.r .•...bath ...................... ......................................
of •.........Salall!+...Es.s.e.x................. .................................................... County, llassacbuaelle,~,,au11u11illi,
for consideration paid, grant to the ROOER CONANT CO-OPERATIV.E BANI(, sit1U1tcd in S•lem, J'lo,.•
Couty, llluaachuaett., with l!ORTOAOJ:l COVENANTS to aeeurc the payment ol.....
_ _ _ _ _..:.i.w.a...Thous.a.nd....................................................................
......................... Dollara
in "' wllbin....t:a.ur.t .ean..........yeara from thia dale, wilh. intett11t thereon, pnyable in monthly imtalhnenta
~xxx xxxxxxon the. ...f.1r.~t ................day of
each month her,.fter, which payment.. abnll lint be•!'-
plied to inlemt theu doe and the balance thereof remai11ing applied lo principal; the iotereat to be compu·
tecl monthly Ul advance on the unpaid balanc@, togetbu
with such tioes on interest in arruu ea are protided
for in the By-le,.. of aaid Bank, with the rigU to JDAke additional paym,nts OD nccouDI of ..id priocipol ,um
OD aoy paymeDi dale, all oa provided in :
Dole of oren dill.
The land tn se1d Salem bounded P..nd described ,:,.s follows ; vl1.:
SOUTHWESTERLY by Carlton Street thirty-o1g;ht (38) feet;
NORTHWESTERLY by l1rnd now or formerly of Jos enh. l)enforth seventy
feet1
NORTHEASTEllLY by lsnu now or formerly of Jonathan Rrown and by
now or formerly of l'eter berry thirty-oeven (3'7 I feet; "nd
SOUTHEA~Tt-:RLY by l~nd now or fo~merly of Cato Ransom seventy
(70) feet .
Being the same prem t ses conveyed to James ;1. La-..nsby et ux by
deed of (;harles S, ,Jo,,nston, Jr . of even· date And. rer, ord,
�3450
282
.
-.·
lnduding u • part or the r,ally all portable or l!<'<lionnl huilding,, heating apparntue, plumbing,
range&, mantels, «torm doora Rnd ••indo•·•, oil borners, gas anJ oil and electric th.t:1res, &erteos, &en-en doors,
awoinr, window ahadn, electric and gas refrigerators, air C'OtuHtiouing apparatus.! and other fi1tures of what~
ever li:ind and nature, oo saiil premie<'8, or he~after placed thereon prior to the (uU payment And di&chsrge of
thM mortgage, ineofar a, the e,;me are or can by atn-ement of the partieis be mode a part. of th<! realty.
This mortgagt ii upon the atatutory condition and upon tM fur1her conditions that the pro\'lsiona of
Chap!« 191 of th• Acts of 193$ and nny affiffldmenla 11,er,or ,holl at all lime, be eomplied with onJ that a
further 1um <qutl to one t,r,llth ( 1/12) of the tttimatro annual real "I.ale 1.. ah1IJ be paid to the mort~.,.
on tht. ....fJ.rst .........day or eaeh and e<el')' month her..fter, ..-bicb paym,ola an, to be applied by U.. mort•
gag,e toward the paymt11t of the l•n• and •-menla on said pr<mi= .-heu and aa thoy eh•ll boeome duo
and any balance due thereon •hall be paid by the mortgi gors •• provided in ..id alatutory eoodilion.
In aw of a fort'cloaure eaM! or aa-ignmtt1t by lhii; mortp;~«', thi~ grautoo is b~r~h.\· appointN;l tho attorney~J.rre,•ocably of Ute- grantor to mi ke an aasignment of all the Jni;uraucc l'olicies on the buildings, on the
land eoven,d by thi1 mortgage, or to rolled all mon,y due on
io,uronc,, p<>licy or policies ii the ,.,..
are caoctll.ed.
••ch
T he mort.gagor ,hall keep the building• no,r or berttl,ter ,tnnding. on 10id la~,d iueur<d ~goin•t fire and
'ml b tb
tgogee) also against other casualties and contingenc1a, 1n ,uma aaUdactory to the
(when req~ nd
upon soid building• now in forte or heN?11lter pl•c<d. lhere<>u prior to the full
mortg•~~: diocharge of thio mortgage ohnll be for th• benefit o(, nod f,,st p•yable m case ol l••~ IA> the ,mo,_t: : : whether wd polieiee ,ball or ,boll not eo 1pecily therein ond the mortgagor ,hall depoo1t all of said
Ji ;:,:;~..
wunuoo polieiee with the mortgag...
,
.
f .
• r ·d
Failure to com l with the conditions under which this mort.,"llge 1s wntteo or •~ 1ure to ?"Y nn) o. an1
•
• · ~y
o) di\ from the date when the sAnte l,c,t-omca Jue, nolw1lh,t11o~rn~ aoy hce~ee
imtaU_me.nte W1th1n ,thirty (3 I yad ·t·
hall make the "·hole o[ Ute OOl•oce of t-aid 1)mtt11,nl sun) un•
or ,nn•eT of any prtor breach o coo I Jons,
~
E-
ediatel dll<! a.ad peyahle at the optiou or the holder thereof.
ihe bolder hereof shall han the Statutory Power of Sole for any bn-ilch of
01\)·
of Uu} conditions or
proruion, of thi• mortgage or note ttturod hereby.
··-··········-·····•- ·············· ··-·······················..············...,.-··•"'· ········"···········
............................................ ·····-·••" ...................
··-······················- ·····
Essei<,
.2.-7r..........................l9
lGfil:.Cb.. ~•
ss.
46
as ../f'. •....L.!\)l(f.\S.l:>..v....~ntl..l.'.11.r.Y....G.............
Then peraonally appeared \be abo•• named ..........,I.! \Jlll
•·
and acknowledged the foregoing instr~roent to
...._..............., ..... ·····-··.. •······......-...........
:·.·.:~i•~. .
.. Ln.wnsb:J. ........................................ .......... ·- ··········· ·····............... ..
be.t.b!t'....
Notary Public
j lUl~II(
My Commission Expire$ .......~ / ?..
Essex ss. Received Mar. 27, 1946, 42 m. psst 11 A, M, Recorded sod Exui.nei.
�10/16/95 J0:58
Inst 283
BK 13235 PG 215
otJXTCLADI DBBD
I, Mary C. Lawnsby 1 of Danvers, Bssex County, Massachusetts,
for consideration paid)!- grant to Matthe,..I. Power, of l 7 Carlton
Street, Salem, said Essex County, with QlJXTCI..AJ:111 COVZNANTS the land
in said Salem, bounded and described as follows:
SOUTHWESTERLY:
by Carlton Street, thirty-eight 138) feet;
NORTHWESTERLY:
by land now or fo_rmerly of Joseph Dan.forth,
seventy (70) feet;
NORTHEASTERLY:
by land now or formerly of Jonathan Brown and
by land now or formerly of Peter Berry,
thirty-seven (37) feet; and
SOUTHEASTERLY:
by land now or formerly of
seventy (70) feet.
Cato Ran_som,
For title see deed of Charles s. Johnston, Jr., dated March 27,
1946, recorded with Essex South District Registry of Deeds in Book
3450, Page 280.
WITNESS ~Y hand and seal on October 2, 1995.
:1n_
-
~-
A
iM ✓
Marye~~
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
October 2, 1995
BSSBX, ss.
Then personally appeared the above-named Mary . Lawnsby, and
acknowledged the foregoing instrument to b
er
e act and deed,
before me,
..:::,e>
¢, Cl·•
r~ .,.:
,:~,
'='"'
C:
~.-.
....
r;,
..., I')
·••:-c
:,:
,., "'
.......
(C (C
.... ><
~· L:..•
,.., V'•
......
•IJ ....
ow
J
�Deed
I, Matthew E. Power
04l1~ 3:~ lns;t. 668
BK 14739 PG 227
of 17 Carhon :'ilrCC1, Salem, Massachusetts O1970
in considerotio11 of S165,500.00.
granr to Todd B. Mcllroy nnd Sar1!h B. Mcllroy, Husband and Wife, as Tenants by the Enrirety
of 17 Carlton SIIUI, Salem, Massachusetts 0 1970 wirh quitclaim covenants
the land in Salem, bounded and described as follows:
SOUll{WESTh:RLY
by Carlton Street, thirty-eight (38) feet;
NORTHWESTERLY
by land now or formerly of Joseph Danfonh, seventy (70) feet;
NORll-lEASTilRLY
by land now or formerly of Jonathan Brown 1111d by land now or formerly of Peter Berry,
thirty-seven (37) feet; and
SOU1ltEASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Cato Ransom, seventy (70) feet.
Being the sam~ premises covneycd to the Cinmtor by Deed of Mary C. Lawnsby by Deed dated October 2, 1995. and
=orded with Essex South District Registry of Deeds at Book 13235, Page 215.
Executed as as,·
ins
•
is .,_1.u5!,.h_,,da,,,_yL>Oof..._A,.,_p..,n..,,·1....,_,199=.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __
atthe
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Essex, se:
15th day of April, 1998
Then persona11y appeared the abovo-narned Matthew E. Power
and acknowled&(~ the foregoing t
hi .._. .~.~ ~ i ~ : ~·· •·· ··· •·· ·· ·•···· ········ ·········· ··(Seal;
Grover
My Commission Expires: April 14, 2000
If~/,,:
To-dA' 8 . 1/Je .1,7lr4l-<J
.ft~ ,El. //le ..Illr~
I?
~W ·
~ , ):;~.
(:J/97c)
- --....-
�111II11111111 Illl\\111111\1\1111 II Ill II 1111111
2002013101134 Bk:18265 Pg:277
01/31/2002 15:18:00
-
-
~
--
--
--
DEED Ps 1/2
---~-· ~
QUITCLAIM DEED
We, Todd B. Mcilroy and Sarah B. Mcilroy, of 36 Cedar Street, Marblehead,
Massachusetts
in consideration of Two Hundred Eighty Five Thousand and 00/100 ($285,000.00)
dollars paid
grant to Jennife1' Lordi and Jeffrey JStevenson, as joint tenants with rights of
survivorship, of 17 Carlton Street, Salem, Massachusetts
with Quitclaim Covenants
The land in Salem, bounded and described as follows:
SOUTHWESTERLY
by Carlton Street, thirty-eight (38) feet;
NORTHWESTERLY
by land now or formerly of Joseph Danforth, seventy (70)
feet;
NORTHEASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Jonathan Brown and by land
now or formerly of Peter Berry, thirty-seven/3 7); and
feet
by land now or formerly of Cato Ransom, seventy (70)
feet.
SOUTHEASTERLY
Being the same premises conveyed to us by deed ofMatthew E. Power, dated April 15,
1998 and recorded with Essex County Registry ofDeeds, Book 14739, Page 22.
Executed under seal this
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2002013101134 Bk:18265 Pg:27B
01/31/2002 15 : 18 :00
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DEED pg 2/2
--
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
Essex, ss.
January 30, 2002
Then personally appeared the above named Todd B ..
and acknowledged the foregoing to be their free,.,, f
oy and Sarah
be ore
FEE
$1299.60
lroy
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�Quitclaim Deed
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WE, Jeffrey Stevenson and Jennifer Stevenson f/k/a Jennifer Lordi, of Salem, Essex
County, Massachusetts, for consideration paid and in full consideration of Three
Hundred Sixty-Three Thousand Dollars ($363,000.00) grant to Brian Dower and
Tasha Davidson, as joint tenants with rights of survivorship, of 17 Carlton Street,
Essex County, Salem, Massachusetts,
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with QUITCLAIM COVENANTS
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The land in Salem, bounded and described as follows:
SOUTHWESTERLY
by Carlton Street, thirty-eight (38) feet;
NORTHWESTERLY
by land now or formerly of Joseph Danforth, seventy
(70) feet;
NORTHEASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Jonathan Brown and by
land now or formerly of Peter Berry, thirty-seven (37)
feet; and
SOUTHEASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Cato Ransom, seventy (70)
feet.
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Being the same premises conveyed to us by Deed of Todd B. Mcilroy and Sarah
B. Mcilroy to Jennifer Lordi and Jeffrey Stevenson, dated January 30, 2002,
and recorded at the Essex South Registry of Deeds at Book 18265, Page 277.
Executed as a sealed instrument this
Jh
Jeffrey Stevenson
day of March, 2004.
HI~
~venson f/k/a
Jennifer Lordi
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�COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
ESSEX,SS
On this _%.._day of March, 2004 before me personally appeared Jeffrey
Stevenson and Jennifer Stevenson f/k/a Jennifer Lordi, proved to me through
satisfactory evidence of identification, which were Massachusetts Drivers Licenses, to be
the persons described in and who executed the foregoing instrument, and ackno
ed
that they executed the same as their free act and deed.
$,A..._//
Anthony E. DeSantis, Notary Public
My Commission Expires: 8/30/07
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SO.ESSEX #3 5 Bk:34099 Pg:093
06/01/2015 01:01 PM DEED Pg 172
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MASSACHUSETTS EXCISE TAX
Southern Essex District ROD
Date: 06/01/2015 01 :01 PM
ID: 1068743 Doc# 20150601003050
Fee: $1,776.12 Cons: $389,500.00
QUITCLAIM DEED
1
We, Tasha Davidson, also known as Cheryl Davidson, and Brian Dower of Salem,
I;
Massachusetts, for consideration paid and in full consideration of $389,500, grant to Je>j nrie
Kennedy and Robert B. Kennedy, of 17 Carlton Street, Salem, Massachusetts, husband and wife, as
tenants by the entirety, the following premises:
The land in Salem, bounded and described as follows:
SOUTHWESTERLY
by Carlton Street, thirty-eight (38) feet;
NORTHWESTERLY
by land now or formerly of Joseph Danforth, seventy
(70) feet;
NORTHEASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Jonathan Brown and by
land now or formerly of Peter Berry, thirty-seven (37)
:
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feet; and
SOUTHEASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Cato Ransom, seventy (70)
feet.
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Being the same premises conveyed to us by deed of Jeffrey Stevenson and Jen11ifer
Stevenson f/k/a Jennifer Lordi, dated March 26, 2004 and recorded at the Essex (South Registry:of
Deeds at Book 22572 Page 375.
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We hereby release and relinquish any and all homestead rights to the premises and state,
under the pains and penalties of perjury, that no other person, either individually or as trustee, is
entitled to claim homestead rights to the premises.
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[SIGNATURES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ON NEXT PAGE.]
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SJCNED ASASEALED lNS'fRCJhtl:NTthif"
6rian Do,,ver
,~"1Jay of Ntay 2015,
TashaDavidson, a/k/a Cheryl D.avidson
COMMON\IVJ;ALTH Of MASSACfl\JSETTS
ESSE.X,SS
�II II II Ill IIll Illlllllllllllll 11111111111111111
SO.ESSEX #432 Bk:39366 Pg:593
12/31/2020 01 :45 PM DEED Pg 172
eRecorded
MASSACHUSETTS EXCISE TAX
Southern Essex District ROD
Date: 12/31/2020 01:45 PM
ID: 1417822 Doc# 20201231004320
Fee: $2,394.00 Cons: $525,000.00
QUITCLAIM DEED
We, Robert B. Kennedy and Joanne Kennedy, husband and wife, of Lansing, New York
in consideration of Five Hundred Twenty-Five Thousand and 00/100 ($525,000.00) Dollars paid
grant to Stephen C. Larrick and Sarah E. Clermont, husband and wife, as tenants by the entirety, of 17
Carlton Street, Salem, MA 01970
WITH QUITCLAIM COVENANTS
The land with the buildings thereon, situated in Salem, Massachusetts, and being bounded and
described asfollows: ..
iii
Kl,_
SOUTHWESTERLY
by Carlton Street, thirty-eight (38) feet;
NORTHWESTERLY
by land now or formerly of Joseph Danforth, seventy (70)
feet;
NORTH EASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Jonathan Brown and by land now
or formerly of Peter Berry, thirty-seven (37) feet; and
SOUTHEASTERLY
by land now or formerly of Cato Ransom, seventy (70) feet.
The Granto rs hereby re lease any and all homestead rights they may have in the above-referenced
property and state the re is no other person entitled to claim the benefit of a homestead in the property.
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Being the same premises conveyed to us by deed dated May 29, 2015, and recorded with Essex South
District Registry of Deeds in Book 34099, Page 93.
�Witness our hand and seal this
-A
-~"1\
- - day of December, 2020.
Robert B. Kennedy
STATE OF NEW YORK
County of
_:lo..copiJ.o~
On this
1~dayof December, 2020, before me, the undersigned notary public, personally
appeared Joanne Kennedy and Robe rt B. Kennedy, as aforesaid, and proved to me through satisfactory
evidence of identification, which was { v(photographic identification with signature issued by a federal
or state government agency, ( ) oath or affirmation of a credible witness, ( ) personal knowledge of
the undersigned, to be the persons whose names are signed on the proceeding or attached document
(s) and acknowledged to me that they signed it voluntarily for its stated purposes and that the foregoing
instrument is their free act and deed, and who swore or affirmed to me that the contents of the
document are truthful and accurate to the best of their knowledge and belief.
Nata Public: \-,\1A fndo
My commission expires:
. . \-U i\.Q..F
8\ 12 \Z'::>
ME:LINOA 0 . MILLER
Notary Public, State of New York
R~g.
~o. 01Ml6396236
Quah_fie~ In Tompkins County
C0mrrues1on Expires os,1212023
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carlton Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
17 Carlton Street, Salem, MA, 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House History
Description
An account of the resource
Built for
Margaret Ellison Bray
c. 1809
Remodeled in 1831
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem Inc.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Built c. 1809
Remodeled in 1831
House history completed 2020
House history adapted from 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Jen Ratliff, Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
17 Carlton Street
1809
1831
2002
2020
Ellison Bray
Margaret Ellison Bray
Massachusetts
Salem
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/b7778ab4e260988183c0c509e46568e8.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Z80vcFo4KhfxrOPxi-YDAsD64oz3tFYt8zrl-YBiHApqdC49a0cmBxMsNnN8kU68Qf5ToOTzsbM8WdkE2EQLB8lInrukeigYDdfHunG9jeKUF58xwCas6JAMyf6U4xsrSHSGbDZRMhK8zswkhsygf5ihWjeUK922U7UexZAbzLW0nWI0pdfcLHVhPNP4blxji9319nZh0z0yHQBV3SiO7r6j1vCA8qza%7EEXSpTDHWx%7Ed0t1wHveMyLaMHukoQ-SajQgxyJGZ4868%7EnOPWfCux0g69qH5Yc%7E2LAi%7EYrb29NcShUnGGAaF%7EpbeB0%7EMlnphVpNuL659TmeLcMbkfx2Wvw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
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PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Andrew Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
8 Andrew Street, Salem, MA, 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House History
Description
An account of the resource
Built for
Captain Samuel Masury
circa 1804
Mariner
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem Inc.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Built circa 1804
House history completed 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Joyce King
Language
A language of the resource
English
1804
2002
8 Andrew Street
Captain Samuel Masury
Mariner
Massachusetts
Masury
Salem