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112-114 Federal Street
Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built for Col. John Page,
merchant, in 1782.
John Page was born in 1751, the son of Samuel Page and Elizabeth Clark, who in
1772 had come to Salem from Medford. Samuel became a very successful distiller
and merchant.
John Page (1751-1838) married Sarah Porter of Danvers in 1773, and they had two
surviving sons, John Jr. and Josiah Page. During the Revolution, John Page was a
volunteer in the Rhode Island expedition of 1778. Mrs. Sarah (Porter) Page died,
whereupon John married, second, Esther Mackey, who soon died. John married,
third, in 1793, Ruth Holman, the daughter of an Essex Street hatter, Samuel
Holman. John and Ruth would have four children between 1794 and 1802.
On 7 September 1782 for 170 Ii John Page, merchant, purchased from Ebenezer
Beckford, merchant, a piece of land :fronting southerly 62' on "the north or new
street" (Federal Street), westerly 126' on land of Leach, northerly 62' on land of
John Beckford, and easterly 100' on land of Jenks (ED 139:226). On this land, Mr.
Page had a house built, evidently in that same year, 1782. The house was large and
distinctive: three stories high, five bays across in front, it had (and has) a pitched
roof, rather than the hip roof that would soon be common among houses of this
class. It is of a style that is known as Post-Colonial, meaning that it was somewhat
evolved from Pre-Revolutionary "Georgian" style, but had not yet partaken of the
elements of what is known as "Federal" style.
Up until the time of the Revolution (1775), Salem's trade was prosperous but
modest. The salt water came in as the South River along Derby and new Derby
Streets all the way to the present post office; and in this secure inner harbor were
most of the wharves and warehouses.
After the Revolution, Salem's merchants were ready to push their ships and
cargoes into all parts of the known world. Hasket Derby, William Gray, and
Joseph Peabody were the leaders in this effort. In 1784, Derby opened trade with
Saint Petersburg, Russia; and in 1784 and 1785 he dispatched trading vessels to
Africa and China, respectively. Voyages to India soon followed, and to the Spice
1
�islands (Sumatra, Java, Malaya, etc.). The size and number of vessels was
increased, and by 1800 Salem was the greatest trading port in America, with some
of the wealthiest merchants.
In this bustling and prosperous seaport, John Page sought military and political
advancement, and received it (see EIHC 3:92-93). He was elected Lt. Col. of the
Essex Regiment in 1791 (John Fiske was Brig. General; see Bentley's Diary
IV :64), and he was a federal employee as a Weigher & Gauger at the Custom
House. He also owned a part interest in the distillery that his father had operated.
In 1793, evidently, he and Samuel Ropes formed a partnership, Page & Ropes, to
do business as ship chandlers. They were quite successful, and in 1798 they
contributed $100 toward construction of a privately financed Salem frigate, the
Essex, for defense against marauding French ships (EIHC 75:6). Rev. William
Bentley noted in his diary that he went on a pleasure excursion to Baker's Island in
May, 1798, in the company of Col. Page and Captains Derby and Prince.
In 1800 Page & Ropes spent over $4000 in purchasing from the Derby heirs a store
at the head ofUnion Wharf, fronting northerly on Derby Street (ED 167:176-177).
This store (which they may have leased earlier), with land and wharfage, stood
opposite the mouth of present Union Street, and was a good location for the
enterprise of outfitting ships and their crews. The chandlery was a nautical
department store and grocery store combined, from which was sold everything
from biscuits and quadrants to cordage and barrels of tar. Page & Ropes' s
chandlery appears to have handled more than its share of the trade along Salem's
booming waterfront.
John Page (1751-1838), b. 20 Nov. 1751, Medford, son of Samuel Page &
Elizabeth Clark, died 2 Dec. 1838, Salem. He m/11773 Sarah Porter. He m/2
1793 Esther Mackey (1763-1793). He m/3 9 July 1793 Ruth Holman, born
1761, d/o Samuel Holman. Known issue:
1. John
2. Josiah
3.
4.
5. Samuel, 1794
6. William 1796
7. Elizabeth, 1799
8. Henry Lawrence, 1802, died in infancy.
2
�In 1800, the house was occupied by John Page and family (himself, his wife, 7
boys and young men, 3 girls) and by William Hathorne (16-26 & male 10-16, and
female 45+ and 4 16-26), who may have been Capt. William Hathorne who m.
1800 Miss Dutch and in 1801 moved to Essex Street, where he kept a store.
Mr. Bentley noted (8 Feb. 1803) that Col. Page was among several men who had
commissioned a Major Watkins to build them tombs. When the cost began to soar,
Col. Page was deputed to confront Maj. Watkins, and in the event Watkins drew
his sword and beat Col. Page. The Colonel had him arrested. Bentley noted, "The
Major has come out and done penance to the public satisfaction, by asking pardon
and imploring forgiveness. The reduction of the account (for tomb-building) will
probably be more terrible to him."
Salem at the turn of the century was growing and thriving. The town's merchants
were among the wealthiest in the country. In Samuel Mcintire, they had a local
architect who could help them realize their desires for large and beautiful homes
built and decorated in the Adamesque style. This style (called "Federal" today)
had been developed years before by the Adam brothers in England and featured
fanlight doorways, palladian windows, elongated pilasters and columns, and large
windows. It was introduced to New England by Charles Bulfinch upon his return
from England in 1790. The State House in Boston was his first institutional
composition; and soon Beacon Hill was being built up with handsome residences
in the Bulfinch manner.
Samuel Mcintire, a talented joiner and draftsman of Salem, was quick to pick up
on the style, and to adapt it to Salem's larger lots, as on Chestnut Street, Federal
Street, and Washington Square, a somewhat boggy expanse which was filled in
and cleaned up in the period 1802-4. Mclntire's first local composition, the
Jerathmeel Peirce house (on Federal Street, near North), contrasts greatly with his
Adamesque compositions of just a few years later. The interiors of this style
differed from the "Georgian" and Post-Colonial by eschewing walls of wood
paneling in favor of plastered expanses painted in bright colors or, more
commonly, covered in bold wallpapers. In vernacular (less high-style) houses, the
"wallpaper" effect was achieved by painted walls with an overlay of stencilled
designs. The Adam style put a premium on handsome casings and carvings of
central interior features such door-caps and chimney-pieces (Mclntire's specialty).
On the exterior, the Adam style included elegant fences and houses that were often
built of brick, and, sometimes, attenuated porticoes and, in the high style, string
courses, swagged panels, and even two-story pilasters.
3
�Salem's foreign commerce was booming in the first decade of the nineteenth
century, as was the commerce of Newburyport and even Marblehead. Salem
vessels sailed to the Caribbean and Europe-including Russia--as before, but were
opening trade to the East as well, sailing to the far side of the globe to trade with
the merchants of the Spice Islands, India, and Malaya. Salem cargoes were
exceedingly valuable.
Salem's boom came to an end with crash, when, in January, 1808, Pres. Jefferson
and the Congress imposed an embargo on all American shipping in hopes of
forestalling war. The Embargo proved futile and nearly ruinous in Salem, whose
commerce ceased. As a hotbed of Democratic-Republicanism, the seafarers of the
Derby Street area, led by the Crowninshield family, loyally supported the Embargo
until it was lifted in spring, 1809. Salem, out of patience with Jefferson, furiously
resumed its seafaring commerce, but still the British preyed on American shipping,
Salem's included; and in June, 1812, war was declared against Britain.
Most of the New England towns opposed the war as being potentially ruinous and
for the benefit only of the western war-hawk states. Not Salem and Marblehead,
which went to war eagerly. Forty privateers were immediately fitted out in Salem,
manned by Marblehead and Salem crews, who also served on U.S. Navy vessels,
including the Constitution. In addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and
artillery.
Salem and Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making prizes of
British supply vessels. While many of the town's men were wounded in
engagements, and some were killed, the adventure and possible riches of
privateering kept the men returning to sea as often as possible. The first prizes
were captured by a 30-ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame, and by a 14-ton
luxury yacht fitted with one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem privateers, the
Crowninshields' 350-ton ship America was the most successful. She captured
more than 30 prizes worth more than $1,100,000.
Salem feared attack from British vessels, and erected forts and batteries on the
Neck. On land, the war went poorly for the United States, as the British captured
Washington, DC, and burned the Capitol and the White House. Along the western
frontier, U.S. forces were successful against the weak English forces; and, as
predicted by many, the western expansionists had their day. At sea, Salem's
vessels often were captured, and its men captured or killed. After almost three
years, the war was bleeding the town dry, and the menfolk were disappearing.
4
�Hundreds of Salem men and boys were imprisoned in British prison-ships and at
Dartmoor Prison in England.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored.
Page & Ropes evidently continued to do a good business into the 1820s. By 1820,
Col. John Page and family had moved out of this house and into another one
farther down Federal Street. In 1820, the tenants here were Thomas Cole, a
prosperous "gentleman," and Jonathan Peele Saunders, an auctioneer (see 1820
census, p.106). Mr. Saunders, in 1813, had been a part-owner of the 260-ton
merchant ship Bolina, Capt. John Fairfield (EIHC 39:207).
Through the 1820s the foreign trade continued prosperous; but at the end of that
decade, Salem's maritime commerce sank rapidly. Before that point, Col. Page
decided to sell this house on Federal Street. On 5 April 1823 he sold the house and
land for $3200 (ED 232:24) to his nieces, the well-to-do Misses Abigail, 40, and
Elizabeth Lawrence, 32, daughters of the Colonel's sister Abigail and her husband
Abel Lawrence, of Barton Square. Col. Page and wife Ruth moved into the house
at 335 Essex Street at about this time, and resided there for the rest of their lives.
The Colonel died on 2 December 1838, aged 87 years.
The owners as of 1823, the Misses Lawrence, evidently did not reside here, but
rented the house for income. The tenants in 1830 are difficult to discern; but by
1836 the house (then numbered 44 Federal Street) was occupied by Charles
Mansfield, a mariner, his wife, and whatever children they had. Mrs. Mansfield
was Rebecca B. Dean, and married Charles in 1833. He eventually became a
merchant and shipmaster.
The great lawyer Rufus Choate (1799-1859) was evidently also a tenant of this
house at some point during his residency in Salem, 1828-1834. He is said to have
"occupied the house, 14 Lynde Street, and also lived at 114 Federal Street" (p.197,
Visitor's Guide To Salem, Essex Institute, 1927). The records indicate that in
1828 and 1829 Mr. Choate resided in Ward Four (this ward) in a house not
identified, and that in 1830 and 1831 he resided on Federal Street in a house owned
by John Holman. In 1832 and 1833 he was a Member of Congress and presumably
in Washington, but was listed for tax on personal property in Ward Four. In 1834
he was listed as "gone."
Rufus Choate, a native ofChebacco (now Essex), was among the foremost lawyers
of his day, eclipsing even Daniel Webster in the esteem of many. He won renown
5
�for his successful defense of an alleged murderer, whom he persuaded the jury to
believe may have committed his crime while sleep-walking. He came to Salem in
1828, evidently, and practiced here for at least three years before being chosen a
U.S. Representative. He evidently resided primarily in Washington, DC, in 1832
and 1833, but maintained an address here until 1834, when he left never to return.
He also served an appointment as a U.S. Senator. In the 1850s his health was not
good, and he died while on a cruise in 1859 in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
With the advent of railroads and canals in the 1830s diverted both capital and trade
away from the coast. American goods were now being produced at a level where
imports were not so much needed as in the past, and the interior of the country was
being opened for settlement. People moved west, including some from Salem, and
the economic attention of the merchants turned westward with them.
Manufacturing and the railroads now attracted Salem's capital, and many of the
more notable merchants moved to Boston, the center of investment in these nonmaritime industries. The Eastern Rail Road began operating between Salem and
Boston in 1838; the tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond. Salem did
engage in some manufacturing-leather, shoes, textiles--but not on the scale of the
factory towns of Lowell, Lawrence, and Haverhill, with their mills driven by the
powerful waters of the Merrimack.
Of the Misses Lawrence, Abigail, of Danvers, died in 1840; and on 29 January
1845 for $2700 her sister Eliza (with the trustees of Abigail's will) sold the
homestead to George P. Farrington, Salem trader (ED 392:208).
The new owner, George Pickman Farrington, 37 in 1845, grew up in Salem, the
son of a Lynn-born grocer, William Farrington, and of Mary (Ward) Farrington.
George's Salem grandparents were Capt. Ebenezer Ward and Mehitable (Buttolph)
Ward, and he had several sets of Salem uncles and aunts, including Capt. Samuel
Skerry, a prosperous former shipmaster who was killed by the kick of a horse in a
Federal Street stable, and Daniel Farrington, who came from Vermont and may
have been his father's brother. The William Farringtons resided in this
neighborhood.
In 1836 George, a young apothecary (druggist) married Caroline Dean, the
daughter of a hardware dealer, Col. George Dean, and his wife Judith Briggs, who
was the daughter of a well-known shipbuilder, Enos Briggs (EIHC 4:137).
Caroline may well have been the sister of Rebecca Dean, who had married Charles
Mansfield in 1833 and resided in this house in 1836, the year in which Salem
6
�became a city. George, the bridegroom, was a member of the Salem Light
Infantry, an outfit he had joined in 1835 (EIHC 26:269).
In the late 1830s Mr. G.P. Farrington occupied the apothecary shop formerly ofDr.
William Stearns, located at was then 350 Essex Street, at the easterly corner of
Beckford Street. Mr. Farrington had already added on to the northerly side of that
building when, in February, 1839, he entered in a lease agreement with Mrs. Sarah
W. Steams for the store, to run for ten years at $175 per year (ED 311:182-3). In
some circles G.P. Farrington was known as Dr. Farrington in deference to his skill
as a druggist. He was the tenant at 112 Federal as early as 1840.
George Pickman FARRINGTON (1808-1885), born 22 Aug. 1808, son of
William Farrington (1766-1831) & Mary Ward of Salem; died 1885. He m/1
28 Jan. 1836 (Salem) Caroline A. DEAN, b. 22 Aug. 1808, d/o George Dean &
Judith Briggs. He m/2 Susan BRIGGS Clark (1826-1916), d/o Samuel &
Mary Briggs and widow of Mr. Clark. Known issue:
1. Caroline Dean, 1837
2. Mary Ward, 1839
3. George P., 1841
4. Anna Warren Braser, 1843
Somewhat stubbornly, Salem's waning merchant class pursued their business on
the sea; but as the years went by the conditions of shipping changed, and Salem
was left on the ebb tide. In the late 1840s, giant clipper ships replaced the smaller
ships that Salem men had sailed around the world; and the clippers, with their deep
drafts and large holds, were usually too large for Salem and its harbor. The town's
shipping soon consisted of little more than visits from Down East coasters with
cargoes of fuel wood and building timber. By 1850 Salem was finished as a
working port; and its glory days were over. An excellent picture of Salem's
waterfront, during its period of decline from glory, is given by Hawthorne in his
"introductory section" (really a sketch of Salem) to The Scarlet Letter, which he
began while working in the Custom House and complete at home on Mall Street.
In 1850, the residents here were George P. Farrington, 40, apothecary, wife
Caroline, 40, children Caroline, 13, Mary W., 11, George P., 9, Anna W. B., 7, and
servant Mary Daley, 22, born in Ireland (1850 census, house 108).
Salem re-tooled as an industrial center, with good success; the symbol of its new
economy was the large twin-towered granite train station, which stood at the foot
of Washington Street, where it had joined the inner harbor. Beginning in the 1840s,
7
�the Salem capitalists built factories that soon filled with Irish immigrant workers as
well as the native-born. Salem's water-oriented downtown area remained intact, or
nearly so, for most of the 19th century, although no more were square-rigged ships
pulled up to wharves along the inner harbor (from Derby Wharf to where the Post
Office now is), and the railroad had been built across the middle of the beautiful
Mill Pond, which extended from the inner harbor all the way to Loring A venue, in
a broad sheet of water between what are now called Canal Street and Jefferson
Avenue. In the early 20th century, both of these ancient bodies of water would
vanish, as they were filled in and buried beneath streets, storage areas, junk-yards,
rail-yards, and parking lots.
Manufacturing.
The tanning and curing of leather was an important industry by the mid- l 800s. It
was conducted near Federal Street Street, along the upper North River and Boston
Street. There were 85 tanneries in 1850, employing 550 hands. The manufacture
of textiles also became important. In 1847 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company
erected its first mill, 400' by 60', the largest in the U.S. It was an immediate
success, and a secong, larger, building was added in 1859, and a third in 1865. In
this new industrial economy, Mr. Farrington prospered, as more and more people
had need of his medications and drugs. He acquired a new store at 310 Essex
Street, comer ofNorth Street, and ran a second store at 159Y2 Essex Street. The
store at 310 Essex was housed in the so-called Witch House (still standing), of
which Mr. Farrington was a good steward. It had a very different appearance when
it was a drug store.
The Civil War, 1861-1865, evidently had little direct impact on the Farrington
family. George Jr. became an apothecary too, and in 1869 resided at 34 Barr Street
and worked at 310 Essex Street. By that time, the house was being used as a twofamily, with the Farringtons residing in 112 (easterly half) and Rev. James T.
Hewes, 34, and family residing in 114 (westerly half). The Heweses included
Ellen, 30, Henry, two, Elizabeth, one, and a helper, Ellen Bolen, 20, born in Ireland
(1870 census, house 178). They were residing here in 1872 but had moved by
1874.
At some point, Mr. Farrington's first wife, Caroline, died; and he married, second,
a widow (of a Mr. Clark), Susan Briggs, who was much younger than he. She may
have been a relative of Caroline, in that Caroline's mother was a Briggs. George
was born in 1808; Susan in 1826.
8
�In 1878, Mr. Farrington and wife were visited by Francis H. Lee, who was
evidently collecting for the Essex Institute. Among other things, Mr. Farrington
gave him 60 coins, Capt. (Philip P.) Pinell's Marine Society certificate, and a
silhouette of Robert Brookhouse's first wife. Mr. Lee noted that portraits of all of
the Farringtons had been painted by Miss Marianne Derby. "Dr. Farrington's house
was built in 1782 for a Mr. Page, of the firm of Page and Ropes," reported Mr.
Lee. "He also gave me several shop-keeper's shin plasters which circulated in the
early days of the war." (EIHC 60:75).
In 1880, the house here was occupied by George P. Farrington, 71, druggist, wife
Susan B., 53, daughter Mary W., 41, and servant Catherine Burke, 70, born in
Ireland (1880 census, house 73).
George P. Farrington died of heart disease on 29 April 1885, in his 77th year. His
remains were interred at Harmony Grove cemetery. By his will, he evidently
devised this homestead to his wife Susan for her lifetime, with reversionio his
heirs.
Mrs. Susan Farrington resided here for many years more. She was 87 when, on
June 25, 1914, a great fire came up out of Blubber Hollow (Boston Street at
Federal Street) and spread southeasterly, attacking South Salem and ending after a
13-hour rampage. It had consumed 250 acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories,
leaving three killed and up to 15,000 people homeless.
Mrs. Farrington died on 30 May 1916, in her 90th year. The Farrington heirs
(devisees under Mr. Farrington's will) were George P. Mackie, of Worcester, and
Mrs. George H. Putnam (Carrie L.) of Boston. In April, 1918, Mr. Mackie
conveyed his half-interest in the premises to Mrs. Putnam, who thus became sole
owner (ED 2409:582).
--Robert Booth for Historic Salem Inc., 13 Feb. 2001
9
�Glossary
#1234 refers to probate case 1234, Essex County probate
ED 123:45 refers to book 123, page 45, Essex South Registry of Deeds
Salem Directory refers to the published Salem resident directories
Census refers to census records, taken house-by-house with occupants listed.
EIHC refers to Essex Institute Historical Collections
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�42
SALEM DIRECTORY.
GEO. P. FARRINGTON, · .:~:
.
.~
~w
310 Essex Street, corner of NQ~f.lj ·;
Where may be found a inrge assortment or :j; .
PURE DRUGS & FAMILY MEDIC,.,~
.
'
-- -:,,,-
1..: ·..
Perfumery and Toilet Articles of every rariety, &~- .
Particular attention paid to the compoundi~ ,
Physicians' prescriptions, and the dispeming of '•
_
medicines. A full assortment of Drugs and Medicines, includil.lg :· · ··
latest preparations, constantly on hand. Medicine dispensed at all_ hi>
G. A. &T. BROWN,
CARPENTERS,
AND
Bill~~ ll BJS100
No. 158 Derby Street,
~~l!,~!r/J.
Orders promptly executed.
N1 ANS FI E;rJ'.~~·~;.
'{·~~
, '-r)
~
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s 6\ 11-').
1111
IR A
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Mason Work in all its bran~hes done in a thorough ana~ o
·
. .'
manlike manner.
Shop, Congress St., Residence, 3 Lagrange_a;
so~v~ s~~E~~
·SIMEON FLINT,
~A.SON,
No. 223 Derby Street.
:r.Inson work of every description
done in a thorough and workrnonlike
rnnnner. Hot-Air Furnaces, Cooking
Rnnl!e•, &c., furnished nt rnnnufncturers' orices. and set to order in th(J best
JOSEPH MANSF
~ign &.Jnust :'i~~
·
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Federal Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
112-114 Federal Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Col. John Page, merchant 1782
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1782, 2001
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
112
112-114 Federal
114
1782
colonel
Federal
John
merchant
Page