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71d06b5f42ba9d8e6cace6c2663d6131
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76 & 78 Essex Street
This house was built by Joseph Danforth, Salem housewright, in 1832.
In 1700 this land w as in the Cheever family of Salem; on 7 Mar 1727 /8
widow Mary Che ~ver sold a part of it with "a small old house" thereon
for 85 li to her son James Cheever, Salem turner (46:167). Towards the
end of the 18th century it ·w as owned by Capt Timothy Wellman; in the
partition of his estate in 1818, his son George received the $800
"Wyatt lot, 11 so-called, bounded southerly 54 1 on Essex St, westerly
on Frye & Mansfield 155 1 , northerly 45' on "Washington Square or
Bath Street, 11 and easterly on Sarah Johnson 160 1 ; the southerly
half of this piece is the present house lot (217:230). Five years later
30 June 1823 George Wellman, Salem mariner, for $600 sold the
whole piece to William Silsbee, Salem merchant, who lived across
the street (232: 176). On 26 Ap 1831 Mr Silsbee for $582. 50 granted
the tract to Joseph Danforth, Salem housewright (267:60).
Joseph Danforth (1782-1840) was born in Newbury, but moved to Salem
by 16 Oct 1810, when he married, here, Phebe Kimball of Bradford.
They had seven children, all sons, between 1811-33, and all but one
of these boys survived to adulthood. Mrs Phebe D died 11 Oct 1835,
whereupon Mr Danforth married, secondly, 12 Jan 1836 Mrs Mary
Russell, with whom he apparently did not reside. He died 26 Jan 1840,
in his 58th year.
He probably built the house by late 1832, for on 22 Jan 1833 Mr Danforth
for $300 mortgaged to widow Mercy Upton of Salem the land "with a
dwelling house and outbuildings standing thereon" (273:156). The 1833
Salem tax valuation shows the value of his property next to Joseph's
name in ward 2; the notation "lot land, $500" is crossed out, with
"house, $3000" substituted in its place, although he was not taxed on
the value of the new house until the 1834 valuation. On 4 Ap 1834 Mr
Danforth was given a $950 second mortgage loan from Mrs Upton; it
was discharged ten years later (271:225).
Joseph Danforth died 26 Jan 1840, at which time his estate (including
"a two story dwelling house 76 & 78 Essex St, $3200) descended to his
six sons (#7143). Four years later., 2 May 1844, two of the brothers,
George F and Joseph A, released their rights in the premises for $1066
to brother John K Danforth, Salem tailor (344: 147,147). John K thus
came to own an undivided half of the premises. He successfully
petitioned to have the property partitioned, and on 28 Mar 1845 the
court set off to him the western half of the house and grounds, being
#78 Essex Street (354:261). John K Danforth owned this property at
his death on 11 June 1863, at which time it (worth $2000) descended
to his three minor children, with widow Cornelia's dower right therein
(#36924). On 29 Ap 1865 Mrs Danforth and her three sons sold #78
to Sarah Baxter Endicott, wife of Charles Endicott, of Salem, for a
total of $1935. 95 (682:252, 252,253).
�Meanwhile, back at the eastern half of the house, #76 Essex Street:
on 21 Mar 1848 Samuel G Danforth sold his one-third interest therein
to his brother William H (395:49). William then mortgaged his 2/3
right on 7 June 1855 to brother John K (514:35). On 15 Mar 1858 John K
foreclosed the mortgage and took possession of the premises (567:49).
He sold this 2/3 share on 1 July 1859 to the owner of the remaining f /3,
youngest brother Edward F Danforth (589:292). On 16 Dec 1858
William H had lost his right in equity to redeem the mortgage to his
brother Samuel G (584:52), and on 2 July 1859 Samuel G sold the equity
to Edward F (589:291). Thus Edw ard F Danforth came to possess the
eas t ern h a lf, which he mortgaged 5 Feb 1863 to brother S a muel G
(647:211) . This mortgage was not redeemed, and on 4 Ap 1866 Samuel
sold #76 out of the family to Benjamin S Newhall of Salem (702:68) .
Nine years later, 22 June 1875, Mr Newhall bought the western half,
#78, from Mrs Endicott (930:267). And so Mr Newhall came to own
both halves of the double house.
Benjamin S Newhall died on 3 Ap 1886, willing the premises to his wife
Caroline M for life (#63363). Mrs Newhall was deceased by 16 Ap 1901,
when the Newhall heirs granted 76 &t 78 Essex St to John H Holt of Salem
(1640:3). Fourteen years later, 31 Aug 1915, Mr Holt conveyed to Mrs
Katherine M Rushford of Salem (2505:589) . On 20 Oct 1916 she conv eyed
to Harry E Jackson of Danvers (2344:499). On 22 Dec 1916 Mr Jackson
conveyed to Mrs E Isabel R ·shford of Danvers (2354:51) .
Mrs Rushford sold the premises on 26 July 1921 to Charles Aronson of
Salem (2489:384). Two years later, 25 July 1923, Mr Aronson conveyed
to Mr &t Mrs Delbert R Jones as joint tenants (2562: 100). Nearly twenty
years later, 25 July 1942, Mrs Margaret A Jones (Mr Jones having died)
conveyed to Mary f Evans of Salem (3308: 177) and she immediately reconveyed to Mrs Jones, catherine M Tracey, and Mary D Buckley a s
joint tenants (3308:178). On 30 Jan 1957, Mrs Jones being deceased,
C. M. Tracey and M. D. Buckley conveyed to Mr &t Mrs Richard C
Copeland of Salem (4779: 189).
On 12 June 1961 Mr &t Mrs Copeland granted the double house to the
present owners, Mr &t Mrs Richard D Anderson of Salem (4779: 189).
Robert Booth
Z7 July 1977
�Notes:
In the first Salem Directory, printed in 1837 but bas ed on facts as of 1836,
Joseph Danforth was listed as a "ship-joiner" with a place of business at
15 Neptune Street and a house at 15 Carlton Street, The Carlton Street
house was the family residence, and after Mr Danforth's death his eldest
son_ (and probably other sons) lived here; by 1846 his two eldest sons
Joseph and John lived at 15 Carlton Street. John continued to live
there until 1854, when he moved into 78 Essex Street, where he and
his family lived until his death. None of the other Danforth brothers
ever lived at 76-78 Essex Street, according to the records.
This house bears a striking resemblance to the double house at
55-57 Federal Street, which was built in 1836. It seems likely that
Joseph Danforth was the builder of the Federal Street house as well.
A figure such as (12:34) refers to Southern Essex County deed book 12,
page or leaf 34. A figure such as (#1234) refers to Southern Essex County
Probate docket # 1234.
DANFORTH
Joseph (1782-1840) m. (1) 1810 Phebe Kimball of Bradford (1788-1835),
m. (2) 1836 Mrs Mary Russell of Salem. Children:
1) Jos,eph Augustus, 1811, m . 1838 Sarah Nichols (1819-94), d . 1877.
2) John Klmball, 1813, m. 1842 Cornelia Dunlap ; d . 1863.
3) William Henry, 1817, d. Boston 1870. Carpenter & inventor.
4) Samuel Gray, 1819, m. 1845 Elizabeth Abbot; d. 1867.
5) George Frederick, 1822, m. 1847 Martha J Gwinn; d. 1855.
6) James Albert, 1830, d. 2 Mar 1832 "from the effects of vaccination."
7) Edward Francis, 1833, m.1856 Louisa M Wood, lived Beverly .
Genealogical information from the Danforth Genealogy by John J May,
Chas H Pope, Boston, 1902; pages 394 and 406-7.
'I
�Rough Plan of House Lots, #74 and #76-78 Essex Street
46' 2"
21 ' 4"
78 I 9 11
79'
74 1 4"
73'4'
54'
#78
#76
Essex
'
Street
24'
#74
'
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Essex Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
76-78 Essex Street, Salem, Massachusetts, 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1832 for Joseph Danforth, Housewright
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
House built in 1832, house history conducted in 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1977
76-78
Booth
Essex Street
Housewright
Joseph Danforth
Salem Massachusetts
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b690ce6eb26ac60bc1ffb26d6ac8f0c2
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74 Essex Street
This house was built for Samuel Very 3d, Salem block-maker, in 1810.
In 17 57 this land, with a dwelling house thereon, was sold to Salem
spinsters Elizabeth & Anna Philpott, sisters { 114: 155, 156). They
owned it for more than 50 years, Elizabeth surviving Anna until
sometime before 16 Mar 1810, when the administrator of her estate
for $840 solo. to Samuel Very 3d, Salem block-maker, "a lot of land
in Salem with a dwelling house thereon ... being the same messuage
whereof (Elizabeth Philpott) died seized" ( 190: 299).
Samuel Very 3d (1785-181!3), the son of Capt Samuel and Abigail
(Crowninshield) Very, had married Alice Palmer on 4 Dec 1804.
He was a trader and block-maker, in which trade he made the
blocks through which the lines of sailing vessels were led; he
maintained a shop on Derby Street for this purpose. In addition,
he made use of his deceased uncle Clifford Crowninshield's land
·& wharf off Derby Street. In 1810 he paid taxes on the Crowninshield
property (worth $1800) .and on part of a house & a shop (worth $700);
these taxes reflected his estate as of early 1810. Soon after buying
this land in March 1810, he caused this house to be built thereon;
in the tax valuation of 1811 he was assessed for "a house in Essex
St and a shop in Derby St" worth a total of $1700, as well as for the
$1800 Crowninshield property, The jump in assessment ($700 in 1810
to $1700 in 1811) reflects the presence of this new house.
On 19 Ap 1811 Mr Very, then styled a Salem trader, for $500 mortgaged
to Salem widow Susanna Ingersoll "a certain lot of land situated on the
northerly side of Essex Street ... together with a new three story
dwelling house and all other buildings thereon•• ( 193:64). Mrs. Ingersoll
died that winter, and Mr Very failed to redeem the mortgage. On 30
May 1812 Mr Very, having fallen into debt, was obliged to sell his
right in equity to redeem the mortgage at public auction, at which for
a high bid of $835 Mrs Sarah Johnson of Marblehead bought the same
(197:25); on 1 June 1812 Mrs Johnson bought of the administrator of
Mrs Hathorne 1 s estate, for $533. 33, all her right to the premises
(197:24). The house & land thus came into the ownership of Sarah,
wife of Capt Benoice Johnson, Marblehead mariner & merchant,
M.l's Johnson owned it for more than 30 years, evidently renting it out
or most of that time; she died on 8 Sept 1846, at which time the
house & land (valued at $1725) descended to her two heirs, the children
of h;r daughter, Mrs Harriet S Cabot and John C Dodge (#43775). On
30 Sept 1847 Mr Dodge for $862. 50 granted his right in the place to the
trustee of Mrs Cabot (388: lZ 1). Then on 15 July 1850, for a total of
$1500 the estate was bought by George A Nichols of Salem from Mrs
Cabot and from her trustee ( 431: 199,208).
i"ii
�George Andrew Nichols died on 17 Aug 1851; a Salem cooper, he owne,d
the houses at 72 & 74 Essex St at the time of his decease (#48190). It t
is not clear as to how the property was disposed of, but it soon came
into the possession of Sarah (Nichols). the wife of Joseph Augustus
Danforth. Mrs Danforth may have been a sister to the deceased.
She owned the premi~es for nearly twenty years, selling for $2900
on 20 Oct 1870 to widow Rebecca Whiley of Salem (808:285). Mrs
Whiley (or Wiley) died on 8 Jan 1879, at which time the homestead (worth
$2400) descended to her two daughters, Mrs Sabra C Morse and Mrs
Abigail W Moulton (#57187). T~ey owned it until the death of Mrs Morse
on 18 July 1905, at which time her right to the premises descended to
her daughter Mrs Rebecca F Davis of Salem (#97083). On 11 June 1906
Mrs Davis and her aunt Mrs Moulton granted the estate to Simon Naczor
of Salem (1827:4_ 1). Mr Naczor owned it a very short time, selling on
6
7 July 1906 to Mrs Sarah A Fay (1829:376). Mrs Fay owned it until
12 Sept 1914 when she sold to Sarah F Dore of Salem (2274:361). Sarah
Dore was deceased by 7 July 1921 when her heir & administratrix sold
the estate to Mrs Lena M Abernathy of Salem (2486:375, 376).
Mrs Abernathy owned the premises for more than 25 years, selling
on 12 Nov 194·6 to Mr &· Mrs Louis J Pelletier (3515:195). On 15 Ap
1954 Mr &: Mrs Pelletier granted the place to Mary L Higgins of
Peabody (4060: 194), and she immediately re conveyed to Mrs Pelletier
(4060:195). On 28 Oct 1955 Mrs .Rose A Pelletier granted the estate
to Mr &: Mrs John D 0 1 Connel\ of Salem (4221 :490).
Thirteen years later, on 11 Sept 1968, Mr &: Mrs O'Connell sold the
house and land to the present owners, Mr &: Mrs Richard D Anderson
of Salem ( 5 5 5 7: 101).
Robert Booth
26 July 1977
Note : The death of Samuel Very 3d, for whom this house was built in
1810, was reported in th~ Salem Gazette, issue of 27 April 1813;
he was only 28 years· old. He and his wife Alice evidently had no
children. Mr Very was called a block-maker in 1810 and a trader
in 1811 and 1812.
A figure such as ( 12:34) refers to deed book 1_2, page or leaf 34 at the
Southern Essex County Registry of Deeds; a figure such as (#1234) refers
to probate docket 1234 at Southern Essex County Probate.
�Mortgage Deed of Samuel Ve ry 3d to Mrs Susanna Ingersoll,
19 April 1811, 193:64
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�Rough Plan of House Lots, #74 and #76-78 Essex Street
r
46 1 2 11
21' 4 11
78' 911
79'
741
411
73'4 1
24'
54 1
I
•
#78
#76
Essex
#74
Street
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Essex Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
74 Essex Street, Salem, Massachusetts, 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1810 for Samuel Very the 3rd, Blockmaker
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
House built in 1810, house history research conducted in 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1810
1977
74
blockmaker
Booth
Essex Street
Salem Massachusetts
Samuel Very
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/a05c58d4adb3fb625cac490dfc31efd1.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=cN66ynVbEtq0U8GemuAScsAyjI9MqCtZUgbKXaybN5qee9XxvS7tGXU4g7gvdtalM%7EldH6edF2MnL%7ERR5Yz4EGQhpcryVPyfWrTOj%7E-PuOk%7E-k9myhs5%7EYztom9BGIJVbi-zayc7ksG9zyoMjaRdiVHYz99arn56m6YjprB9eQ8%7EY-qgPmm6dJZRfOdy-HKjHxGioCl1JvQYHvfopEStfGSJMES1SWvJ-98MtlyhgIDdUT9pcZowlIuCKI3C-GNgMXjwXcGEH7%7Ej3hiVReav7MkMJN1w-eyn-7S-xFSXrvJaP7G-KFtbME01MOhVL1x%7EQVCmjbikzoTH7fO6j%7EkD4Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
1fba1ab0ee6871514f33b299af77827c
PDF Text
Text
Christopher Babbidgo House, 46½ Essex Street
Although almost half of this house was cut away & removed,
and although its exterior r e sembles nothing so much as a
mid-eighteenth century Georg ian mansion house, yet there
is a possibility that this is one of Salem 1 s few remaining
seventeenth-century houses.
A brief history of the house was written by the historian
Sidney Perley, in his History of Salem (vol. II, pps. 309-10),
as follows (with my own notes interspersed):
"This lot was probably granted to Christopher Babbidge before
1683, when he owned it, having erected a house, in which he
lived. This house was one of the best in the neighborhood,
and the staircase is still in use in that section of the house
which remains upon the original site. 11 Perley provide s an
illustration of the newel post & balustrades of the staircase;
unfortunately, they are no longer in the house. "Mr Babbidge
died about 1711, and his son Christopher succeeded him on the
place." Son Christopher was a cordwainer (shoe-maker). 11 In
1717, the building committee of the East or Second Church
met here & considered the plans of its· first meeting house,
which was built on the opposite side of the street 11 on the
western corner of Essex & Ha rdy Streets. "Mr Babbidge died
in 1755, and the adminstratrix of his estate conveyed the
land and buildings to Richard Derby, the merchant, Nov. 8,
1757" by deed 105:16. Mr Babbidg e's daughter M
ehitable administered his estate, which was worth about 268 li; his
homeste ad, 11 House & Barn & about 60 poles of Land", was appraised at 153.6.8 (probate docket #1155).
~
Richard Derby, one of the great merchants of his day, evi- .
dently presente d this house to his daughter Mary when she
married Capt Ceor ge Crowninshield about 1764; either Mr Derby
or Capt & M Crowninshield completely remodelled the house
rs
to its pres ent Georg ian appearance. 11 Mr Derby died in 1783,
having devised to his daughter Mary Crowninshield this 'House
in which she lately dwelt now occupied by Joseph Noses' 11 who
was a sa.ilmaker. "Mrs Crowninshield conveyed the estate to
James Cheever, a merchant, Aug. 24, 1799 11 by de,ed 165:180,
for $3500.
"Mr Che ever died Sept 23 1839; and his children conveyed the
buildings and land to Phineas R Weston on June 1, 1840 11 for
$2,075, with a store thereon, by deed 320:14. "In 1859, Mr
Weston cut off the e astern end of the house and moved it to
Grant Street, where it still stands." Grant Street is now
Kosciusko Street, n e ar Derby W
harf; evidently this other half
�of the house was demolished within the past ten years. "Mr
Weston's family conveyed the remainder of the house and the
land to Charles Bowker on July 21 , 1885, and Mr Bowker lived
there until his decease. 11
Mr Bowkers heirs conveyed the property for $7500 to Ezma Abdo
of Salem (along with another piece of real estate) on 1 Sept
1914, soon after the Salem fire ( 2276:322 ). with hundreds
of people homeless in Salem, Mr Abdo moved the old Babbidge
house to the back yard, and built the present brick tenement
at the stree t-front. He sold the property 29 Nov 1918 to
Nicolai S Jensen of W
orcester (2402:174); on 1 May 1922 Mr
Jensen sold the premises to Esther Tarlow of Salem (2512:153).
Mrs Tarlow owned the property for 23 years, selling it to
Margaret Solovicos of ~alem on 19 July 1945 (3417: 597); on
28 Oct 1946 she gr anted it to The Solovicos Trust of Salem
(3519:573). The Solovicos family sold it to the M
aguires
in 1975 (61 88:766), and t he Messrs Maguire sold it 6 Jan 1976
to the trustees of Hibbard Realty Trust of M
arblehead, the
present owners (6212:346).
This is just a preliminary history of this property, and
draws no definite conclusions about the age of the h ouse.
Certainly, the remaining orig inal oak chamfered beams tend
to indicate a building date or 1715 or before--and it seems
that Christopher Babbidge built a house here by 1664. In a
case such as this, where there is· very little documentary
evidence relating to the house before the 1750s, the construction methods & evidence are c rucial to assigning a
date to the building. I would suggest calling in an expert
on 17th-century construction from the Society for the Preservation of New England Ant iquities.
Robert Booth
,
•
Note : Dr Abbot L Cummings, executive director of the Society for the
Preservation of N ew England Antiquities, has inspected this house, and
believes that a dating of ca. 1715 is appropriate.
Robert Booth, 13 Aug 1977
�CHRISTOPHER BABBIDGE
Christopher Babbidge (1640?-1711?), a tailor, was the son
of Roger and Hester Babbidge of Totness, Devonshire , England,
where he was apprenticed to George Marks, tailor ; about 1660
he married Agnes Triggs of Totness, and in 1661 they came to
America in the ship Nathaniel ; they settled in Salem that
same year , when their first child, Ruth, was born .
Mr Babbidge was listed as one who owned a Salem cottage or
dwelling plac e in or before 1661; the location of this house
is not k.novm. On 24 Feb 1662 the town of Salem recorded the
sale of house-lots along the northern side of what is now
lower Essex Street; one of the purchasers was "M Babbidge"-r
Christopher Babbidge . On 24 July 1664 Joseph Porter was
granted a house-lot "next adjoining Lt George Gardner's
spot of land in the common near Xtopher Babbidge his house ••• "
and on the same date it was "voted to Anthony Ashby also a
lot of the same quantity with the range (of lots ) where
Goodman Bavedg (sic) lives, paying for it as others did . 11
From these two items , it is clear that by 1664 Christopher
Babbidge was living in a house on the lot he ' d been granted
in 1662--the sar.ie lot that this house stands on today .
By 3 May 1665 :Mr Babbidge had been made a freeman, and in
the next year he served as a grandjuryman--a position
generally held by the t o\<m ' s leading citizens . He would
go on to serve in the same capacity in 1670, 1675- 6, 1678-9,
and 1681-4. he served as a Salem constable in 1673 and many
times after , and held many other tmm offices . By the time
of the witch trials, he owned a shop ; it was in Mr Babbidge's
shop that John Proctor was accused of practicing witchcraft .
Robert Booth
23 Mar 1977
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:
As the house appeared before being cut
in half in 1859 (Perley, vol II, p 309)
From Perley 1 s
History of Salem
vol II, p 310
STAIRCASE IN BABBIDGE HOC.~-.:.
. •• '
~...~,;.~
�BK 6 2 I 2 PG 3 4 6
I
·1
WE, R0!3Effi' M. MAGUIR:. AND GEORGE E, MAGUIRE, rui tenants 1n comncn, both
of Salem, Essex County, Comnonwealth of MM:Jachusetts
County, Massachusetts,
I
I
I
being xxmarried, for consideration paid, and in full ronsiderarion of Cne Hundred .Three Thousan<!
Ten Doll~rs· ($103,010.00)---------------------------------------gr:ints to Willia'll M. Rice and Ann M. Rice and Peter W. :lice, Trustees of Hibbard
•
Realty Trust of i'.arblehead, Essex County, l-:.u:1achusdts, a Declaration of ':'rust · dated
'
ef.December 30, ·1975, and recorded herewith all of 2 Hibbard 'll'.ki1x)l'.f.li:t~
P.oad, l'.a.rblehead, Essex County, Massachuscttg '111th Quitclaim Covena'1ts
the land in Salem, with buildinf;s thereon bounded a'1d described as follO'.~S:
[0.-Scription :,.nd encumbrancrs, if any]
The land wlth the buildings thereon known as nu:Tbers 44, 46,
46 1/2, 48 and 50 Essex Street, in said Saler., bounded and described as foll<Ms:
SOUIBEASTERLY:
by Essex Street, about n1nety-<ne (91) feet, nine (9) inches;
NORI'HEASTEP.LY:
by land nc,11 or fo~rly of Hayman, about one hundred forty-nine
(149) feet;
NORrn't-TESTERLY:
by land now or forrrerly of Davis about seventy (70) fett;
SOUI"r!WESTERLY:
by land now or forrrerly of the City of Salem, about one hundred
forty-seven (147) feet, exceptinP.; so much thereof. as may have
been t?.ken by the City of Salem for the p:r-JpOse of w1den:1ng said
Essex Street.
For title, see deed of Ha'!'es ;,i, Solov1cos and Raymond T. White, Trustees under the
will o~ f1arf,aret Solov1cos, dated October 14, 1975, and recorded with the Essex South
Regist:rj• of Deeds, Book 6188, Pa.,":e 766.
This Parcel is subject to a rYPrtr:a~ held by the George Peabody Co-Operative Bank, 1n
the amount of approxirrately $65,000.00, and 1n a second r.ortgage held by Ja'!'es M.
Solov:1.cos and Raymond T. White, Trustees under tre will of Mar~t Solov1cos, 1n the
arrotmt of $30,000.00, which the buyers agree to pay,
The documentary stamps necessary are based on the difference between
$103,010.00 and mortgages assumed of $95,000.00.
~
~ 1 "'
,'
r:-,_
~n. r:-:~!r;c f.·~·
~o( , ft) ~ff'iyc-tl
and cancelled on b:ick of t!lis instrunont
.... -·
IDlttte1rn ...our.. hands
and seals
ROB!:'.R'r M. MAGUI~
... .
this ............., .........:... day of .....January.................... 19.76 ..
~k/4.d}?~b!J/.............................
GEOR E ~ !• A~,....--.-v·
Gi:
1
...... .
c~··-Jj. · · ·. .·.·=····:................:
21~
...................
..: f.~1.1.Aal
aJqt <1!0111mnnwtultq of !!luaanrh,lmrtts
Essex
ss.
' January
C
19 76
R0!3Em' M. MAGUIRE end GEORGE E, MAGUIR::
Then personally appeared the above named
and acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be
their
free act and d~d
fore me
~~a. Gz6<;..:. . . . .. . .
Walter A. Costello,Jr.
My wnm11S1ion e.pin:s
oiur
ublic-.>.lx~oor
J1.me
5,
1s8l
(•Jndividuil-Joint Tcnnnt1-Tcn1nts in Common -Ten1nts by the Entirety.)
CHAPT!!P. 183 SEC. ti AS AMENDED BY 0-IAPTEP. 497 OF 1969
l!•OIJ'. deed pmtnted for ttcord shill ~t■in _ hawe •~d?r"'d upon it the full n:m,; rnidence and post ofli~ address of the ,tnnt~
or
and • ttet!AI of the amount of the full con!•~«•!1on thereof 1n dollars or the tuture of the other con,iJention tltettfor, if not ddiv«ed
for • sp«16c monetary sum. The ~ull consi<1•:"!•on shall me>n the tol•I price for the convepnce .,,lhout dcJuction f~r any Jim, "'
•~mhrance, as,um~ by. the gnn ce or rem,in,ng thrreo_ ._All such <ndursrntent, and rc:ciuls sh>II be tteor<lcJ u put of the dttJ.
n
f•~lure to co~1 "(th dus sect,?n •h•II not ~ffect ~• nlul,ry uf any dce<l. No re,sistcr or dent, stull .cccrt a d«J for recording unlr:u
ply
tt ,. In romph,nce w,th tl1e rcqutrements or 1h11 ,!<),on.
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��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Essex Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
46.5 Essex Street, Salem, Massachusetts, 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built circa 1715 for Christopher Babbidge, Cordwainer
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
House built circa 1715, house history research conducted in 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1715
1977
46.5
Booth
Christopher Babbidge
Essex Street
Salem Massachusetts
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/bb3c98d9e2feea06cb8ee327f50f5c06.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=OXMtD7EM55E0ZK8LdZMKPvPXfOh8lCjxGT8Z%7EZYo-0VjAHhcB6vt9FO-GACO1CwiLz5pCKEmOKiFi7BQhhFTD9TY0nh7lTwHiPgrjtHr%7EdpNqA%7EB3GDZyC1WYApyygLqxJaIft-voe6O4m0Tb31qxkOqtb2hORCfbSwzszXPpYhFywCaQJvSN4fh4z08-F80zHzs8aPIEh90QR%7E92o4sFxLgT8I-EjqAMkMexIRWSt21vzA-8B9%7EQpWjjezFUhOQSldvd3PSuLWVsk1ziZXsLuivDC2f44CbZba-vrvX8Qzao1TM3zD%7E3%7ElNUkT754HwAJLBTiYjGXGOf1r9UzBrRg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
93469bdbc669460ec65ba995e60d7c6a
PDF Text
Text
HISTORIC
SALEM INC
4 Blaney Street
Built for
Samuel Ropes 1782, Cooper
Researched by Robert Booth, 1976
Historic Salem Inc,
The Bowditch House
9 North Street, Salem, MA 01970
(978} 745-07991 HistoricSalem.org
©2020
�. SAMUEL ROPES
cooper
1782
.4
Blaney St
Salem, Mass.
�House & Land at
4 Blaney
Street, Salem,
~r
1•..
acs.
This house was built by Samuel nopes, Salem "cooper," in 1782
on the southern half of land that he & Nicholas Lane had bought
from Joseph Blaney in May of t hat year. The 1782 date seems
certain, for in 1781 Sqmuel Ropes (1757-1841) oimed a house &
warehouse in ward 3, and by 1783 he was living in ward one (see
Bentley's Diary, vol.· I, p 14). 'l 'he 1782 property assessment was
made ir.{spring, before Ropes had bought the land, and the 1783
.
as s essment reco1.. ds are incor!!plete , so the records of 1784/5, in
which Samuel Ropes owns a house&· shop worth 400 li in ward one,
are the first actual reference to this house. By the 1786/7
-assessment, Ropes h ad added a warGhouse to the shop & house on
, the land, so perhaps as early as this Samuel was involved as a
merchant in Salem• s ma:.ritime commerce. At any rate, business was
good, and on 30 Jan 1792 Bentley observes "Samuel Ropes forming
a kitchen back: of his house "--perhaps referring to the back lean-to
which gives the house its salt-box appearance (see Bentley's Diary,
vol. I, p 365).
Very early this land was part of the holdings of Henry Harwood,
who died in 1664; his widow & the selectmen of Salem sold Henry's
land in 1669 to Jeremiah Butman (deeds, 3:15), who sold the upper
end to John Becket before 1673, & t he rest to Philip Cromwell on
11 July 1673 (deeds, 4:18), who in 1680 sold it to Edmund Bridges
Sr, a blacksmith, who built a house, shop & wharf thereon, and,
for 160 li sold it in 1682 to widow Elizabeth Turner (deeds, 6:49).
On 28 Oct 1699, John Turner sold the estate to W iam i3eckett,
ill
.
who immedi ately conveyed it to Abraham Purchase, also a blacksmith,
who settled there, dying ca. 1724. {The :preceding information
was found in Sidney Perley 1 s Salem in 1700, part #22}. The old
house & shop were gone by 1767, when Joseph J
Yiascoll (who had
married Ruth Purchase, daughter of Abraham) sold part of the ·land
to Joseph Blaney & Benjamin Pickman Jr, who in 1769 sold his halr
to Blaney, who in 1782 sold a piece of' the l and to Nicholas Lane
& Samuel Rcpes, who soon after built this house t hereon.
Sarnuel Ropes, borp. 8 i".iar 1757, was the 6th .of the 12 children
of Benja.r.iin Ropes, a Salem cooper, & his wife Ruth Hardy. Like
his father, Samuel became a cooper, & on 27 r~ 1780 married Sarah
iay
Cheever (died 1842); their first son, Samuel Jr, was born in 1781,
& this house was built the next year. The coupl_ went on to raise
e
a family of 8 children here--5 boys & 3· r irls--although 3 of the
· boys died at age 20, two of t h em at sea ( see Bentley's Diary, volII,
p 381 ). For more information about the Ropes f amily, see the genealogy in Sidney Perley 1 s History of Salem, Nass., vol I, p 345.
B 1792, Sarnael Ropes seems to have secured a Custom House
y
position, for then Bentley calls him a 11 cooper, cutter, weigher &
gauger." (See Bentley's Diary, . vol I, p 336). Eventually, Ro:pes.
lost his position at the Custom House, but succeded in establishing
�hL~self as a trader & merchant--a man of standing , & probably
the Samuel Ropes who in Salem's election of 1806 was the sole
Federalist chosen Selectman (see Bentley, vol II, p 219).
So by 29 Nov 1814, when, after more than JO years• residence,
he sold his "lot of land with the house, barn, & al]father buildings
standing thereon," Samuel Ropes Esq. was a very successful manno longer the cooper of 1782, but a substantial political & commercial fi gure • .
Sar:iuel Derby Jr (1785-1828) now moved in with his wife
Abig8.il (Buffum), whom he had married 9 Nov 1808, and tlheir
children. Samuel's father, Sainuel (1769?-1826) was a Salem
shoemaker, and h is father, Richard (1736-77), was a brother to
the merchant prince Elias Hasket Derby (1739-99). A few months
after settling at Blaney Street, Derby bought the house & land
11with a store & other buildings thereon 11 that lay immediately
north of h is own land--meaning the Nicholas Lan~ lot . at the
corner of Derby & Blaney Sts (see deeds, 206:140 & 214:124);
thus unifying the 2 original lots of 1782, a situation that
would last until 1881.
Samuel Derby, "trader," dj,ed 16 Jan 1828 at the age of only
42, leaving to his widow Abigail and children Samuel, Charles,
Abigail & Hary "the homestead in Bl.aney St 11 ( this house & its land),
11 a house & land in Derby St, & a store & land at the corner of
Blaney & Derby Sts. 11 --the inventory of his estate reveals that
Hr Derby ran a sort of general store, cor:iplete with great
quantities of rum! (See his probate, #7595).
The property, occupied by widow Abigail & her unmarried
daughter M
ary, remained undivided among the heirs until 1863, when
by 2 deeds (637:40, 646:227) '.Hrs Derby & Mary acquired full rights.
Then, on 2 Sept 1877, al most 50 years after her husband, widow
Abigail (Buffum) Derby died, leaving her share of the property
(a "lot of land at the corner of Derby & Blaney Sts, occuoied
with 2 dwt;lling houses, a store & a b arn 11 ; probate 1¥37369) · to
her son Ch arles of Hawaii ( Samu el Jr had died in Hawaii), her
daughter Mary Derby of Salem, & to the 2 dau ghters of her de~eased
daught er Abigail (Derby) Gould. By three deeds, Hary Derby
acquired the property (deeds 1009:31, 1022 : 204 & 205).
Mary Derby did not hold it long , and on 11 Oct 1881--when
the h ouse was 99 years old--at last sold t he Samuel Ropes house
(and its original lot) out of the Derby family.
Robert Booth
3 June 1976
�Deeds relat ing to House
&
Land at 4 Blaney St., Salem, Hass.
1 Ap 1767: Joseph & Ruth ( Purchase) HASCOLL, he being a Salem
shipwright, for 11 3.6 . 8 li sell to Joseph BLA1-GY & 3enj runin PIC:U1AN Jr,
.
Salem gentlemen, as tenants in comr.1on (ea ch paying half the price)
a piece of Salem land bounded
nw 170 1 4" on a t own way bet·ween the Has colls I mansion house
& the pren ises;
neon l and of i"lilliam Becket & on l and belonging to the i1ascolls,
or to one of the Nascolls, & o thers,yet U..l'ldivided;
se on t h e channel of the South River or Harbour;
sw on Abraham ifat s on 1 s l~d.
(S o. .~ssex co. Deeds , 117:262)
. ,.
8 May 1769: Benja. in PICKH.AN Jr Esq., Salem, for 62.13.4 li sells
m
·,.;o Joseph BLANEY his half of the premises described a bove.
(Deeds, 1-31 :1.57)
20 May 1782: Joseph BLANZY', Esq, of Sal em, for 273 li in silver
sells to Nicholas LANE, Salem sail-maker, & Saiuuel ROPES., Salem coop_er,
a p iece of land 45.5 p oles square in the east parish of Salem, bounded
w. 176' 9 11 on George Dodge,
n. 75 1 6 11 on a town way,
e. 165 1 4" on sd Jo seph Blaney,
s. 73 1 7" on sd Jo seph Blaney;
with the liberty of passing & repassing with carts & other carriages
in the way on the eastward of the prer.1ises, leading from the town way
aforesaid to Blaney 1 s Wharf, said ·v:ay being 23. 5 ' wide (west to east)
& 165' 4" lomg {north to south) being the whole l ength of the premises.
(Deeds , 139:128)
June 1782: Nichol a s LANZ, Sal em sail-m2ker, and Samuel ROPES,
Salem c ooper, h ave a greed to make divinior. & p artition of the land
t hey lately purchase d of Joseph Blaney Bs q {see above, 139:128) in
t he following manner: that the sd parcel of land be divided exactly
into 2 equal parts for quantity of land, the di vision line to be
dravm east-to-west; & t hat the l and north of sd di vision line is set
off to Nich olas , & the land sou th of sd line is set off t o sd Samuel.
(Deeds, 141:185)
7 June 1791 : It i s m.utu a.lly agreed betwe en one pp_rty ( Capt Edward
ALLEN & Capt Samuel Ii:m:3:ZS0i.L, both o:f Sc.l em ) and ·the other party
{Samuel ROPES of Salem) that t he division f ence between t h e land of
s d All en & Ingersoll & t he l and of sd Ropes (being t h e southern bounds
of sd rtopes 1 land), which fence runs in a straight line with the
division fence running between All en & Ingersoll 1 s land & the land
of rtichard Pal1'rey, shall be alt ered in such a manne1• as to run at
ri ght angles, square ,..ri th t he l ane l eading to the .- h~f of sd Allen &
J
Ing ersoll. And it is altered a ccordingly.
~Deeds , 154:109)
�/
29 Nov 1814 : Sar:m el ( & w.
S£>.rah) RO?::IB 3sq, Sal e:n, for
$1300 sells
tc, .:.a111ui:,l DZ... l3Y Jr, Sal em t1•ader, a lot of l and with t he d1 elling
1
•
1
house, barn. & all other buildings standing thereon, conta ining
,
about 23 poles, on 3laney Street, bounded starting on sd Blaney St
ac these corner of Nicholas Lane 1 s l and, & then
runs sw 73' 6" by sd Nicholas Lane;
runs se 87 1 by. heirs of Joshu a Dodge dec 1 d; ·
runs n e 73 1 6 1 by land l at e of Sru~uel Ingersoll dec 1 d; as the
f ences now stand;
rLlils nw 87 1 on sd Blaney Street.
(Deeds, 205:36)
11 Oct 1881: Mary DERBY, Salem sinr;leworean, fo~ $1135 sells to
George WHEATLAND -a s trustee for Mary DURGIN, wife of John Durgin, a
Salem messuage, bounded
east 86 1 on Blaney St
south 73 ' on Rowell
west 86 1 on formerly Brookhouse
north 73' on sd Nary Derby & on Sullivan;
with the unders tanding tha t sd Wheatland shall pay over the property_'s
n e t rent &. income to sd Nary Durgin during her lifetime, & at her_
decease sd ¼'heatland shall convey & pay over the estate to whomever
·
l'iar y Durgin as signs in her will or, in default of a will, t o her heirs•
And t h en sd Wheatland mortgaged the prer,1is e s for ;p.535 to H.ary
Derby, who discharged the mortgage on 19 Nov 1883.
(Deeds, 1069:160)
6 Aug 1883 : John DURGIN of Salem, for $1 r ele ase s to Thomas DURGIN
of Salem all his right to the above r eal estate.
( Deeds , 1124:99)
1 Feb 1884: George WHEA'fJLAND, Salem, for $1, according to the will
of Ifar y Durgin deceased, gr ants to her s on Thomas DURGIN a Salem
me~s~age, bounded t h e sa..~e as above (11 Oct 1881 ); it being the
·
es"Ga-i:;e t hat Wheatl and, as trustee for I-I2.ry Durgin, bought froni Hary
Derby 11 Oct 1881, 1069 :1 60, above.
( Deeds , 1124:99)
14 Oct 1889: Thomas DURGIN, Salem, for $1600 grants to John H
CASH11AN., Salem, a Salem rr..essuage bounded
ne 86 1 on Blaney St,
se 73' on Rowell,
sw 86 1 on formerl y Brookhouse,
nw 73' on Sullivan & on now or l ate (n/1) lfary Derby;
b e i ng the sar.ie pr emises conveyed to sci Thomas D
UI1GI N by George Wheatland
in deed 1124:99, and devised to Th omas in ~he will of h is mother, I-iary
Durgin. See al so the deed f r om. John t o Thomas Durgin, 6 A 1883; t124:99;
ug
& the deed from Mar y Derby t o George .-{neatland 11 Oct 1881, 1069 :160 (incorrec t ly r e f erred t o a s 1124:99 in the deed book). (Deeds, 1 261:77)
�24 Oct 1 9 10: John J ~ i-lilJ i ain F CASIDIAn, h eir s of their decea s ed
moth er, Anastasia CASHM N of Salem, for $1 r elea se to t heir f a t her,
A
John H CASH
KAN, all their right to a Sal em me ssu age on Bl aney Street,
bounded as on 14 Oct 1889, 1261 :77.
(Deeds, 2047:148 )
24 Oct 1910: John H CASffi1AN, wi dm·.rer of Sal <::m, for $1 releases
to hi s sons J <?hn J _& Wm F CASiI:i:IA Sal em, the above r eal est ate,
.N,
subjec t t o a $1, 000 mor t gage to Sal em Co-oper a tive Bank; and sd granter
r eserve s t o h i mself al l i1i s r i.ghts t o the above r eal e s tat e a s
hu sband of t he l a te A astasi a Cashman.
n
(Deeds, 2047:149}
10 Jul y 1922 : John H CASHMAN, widower, and John J & vim F CASHMAN,
all of Sal em, gr ant to Henry L RUSSELL & Chester B SIM both of Salem,
,
a Salem n essu age on Blaney Street, bounded
ne 86 1 on Blaney St,
se · 73! on n/1 Rowell,
sw 86 • on n/1 Brookhouse,
nw 73 ' on· n/1 of Sulliv~ & n/1 of Mary Derby.
(Deeds, 2522 :89}
15 Mar 1941: In 2 de eds, Che s ter B SI H, lfar bl eh e ad, and Henry
L RUSSELL, Sal em, gr ant t o the RUSSEtLwSIM TANNING COM
PANY, t he above
r eal est a t e, r efe r r ing t o deed 2522:89.
(Deeds, 3250:465}
1 Nar 1944: RUSSELL- SIM TANNI NG CO PAJ.~, Sal em, gr ants to
M
1-In.ry A ARChlJHG of Sal em, trustee of . rlebb W ar f Associat e s, 5 p arcels
h
in Sal em wi th t he buildings t her eon , par cel #4 b ei ng t he · s ame r eferred
t o i n de ed 3250: 465.
( Deeds , 3393:482 }
15 Nov 1960: Hary
ARC
HUNG, t rus t ee of W
ebb \·n-1arf Associates,
grant s t o Jo s eph T , Her bert L., & J..fary R NACK3Y, t h e same .5 J?ai'cels
as de s cnibe d i n deed 3393:482.
( Deeds., 4722 :4)
A
18 Nov 1964 : Joseph T, Herber t L,
to THO
MAS HAC
KSY & SO
NS, U!C., the s ame
deed 4722: 4 above.
&
M
ary R M
ACKEY, Sal em, grant
5 p arcel s as des cribed i n
(Deeds, 5225 :335}
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Samuel Ropes EStf
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o
�History ofHouse and Occupants, Four Blaney Street, Salem
By Robert A. Booth, Jr., for Historic Salem Inc., May 25, 2006.
According to available evidence, this house was built in 1782 for
Samuel Ropes, cooper.
On May 20, 1782, Joseph Blaney Esq. for 273 1i sold to Samuel
Ropes, cooper, and Nicholas Lane, sailmaker, a parcel of land at the
comer of Derby Street and the road that ran down to Blaney' s Wharf.
The parcel was bounded northerly 75' 6" on a town way (now Derby
Street), easterly 165' 4" on land of Blaney (now Blaney Street),
southerly 73' 7" on Blaney land, and westerly 176' 9" on land of
Dodge (ED 139: 128). In June, 1782, the new owners subdivided the
property, and Mr. Ropes took the parcel closest to the water (ED
141: 185). On it, he built this house, in 1782, facing across the harbor
toward the west shore ofMarblehead. By 1791, the wharf was owned
by Edward Allen and Samuel Ingersoll; and in June Mr. Ropes made
an agreement with them as to fencing the boundary line between their
property and his. The main house was given a rear addition ("leanto")
in the fall of 1791, per Rev. William Bentley, who noted in October
that "Samuel Ropes is forming a kitchen back of his house." (per
Bentley's diary, volume 1). On his northerly parcel, Mr. Lane built a
store at the comer and a house to the west of the store, on Derby
Street. The land here had been purchased jointly in 1767 by Joseph
Blaney and Benjamin Pickman; and in 1769 Mr. Blaney had bought
out Mr. Pickman.
Samuel Ropes (1757-1841) was born in Salem, the son of Benjamin
Ropes ( 1722-1790), and Ruth (Hardy) Ropes ( c.1724-1795). He was
the sixth of twelve children- Benjamin, Joseph, Samuel (died young),
Sarah, Lydia, Samuel, Hardy, Ruth, Hardy, George, Joseph, and
Timothy. He grew up on upper Essex Street, near what is now Monroe
Street (site of public library). His father worked as a cooper, and was
part of a very large extended family. On both sides, his family roots
went back to the 1600s in Salem.
Samuel Ropes' boyhood was in the 1760s, a decade in which Salem's
foreign commerce-primarily with Spain and with British Caribbean
islands- began to falter, as the British enforced their new trade
regulations. Salem' s main export was salt cod, which was caught far
offshore by Salem and Marblehead fishermen and brought back to the
1
�local fishyards, where it was "cured" until it was hard and dry and
could be shipped long distances. This was a staple food in Catholic
Europe (Spain and Portugal especially) and also in the Caribbean,
where it fed the slaves. To Europe went the fish that was
"merchantable" (high-grade), and to the Caribbean went the "refuse"
(low quality). Either sort, put into a pot of boiling water, would tum
into nutritious food. Many of the barrels that Samuel Ropes' father
made were used as containers for salt cod. Lumber, horses, cattle, and
foodstuffs were also sent to the Caribbean, whence came molasses,
sugar, cotton, and mahogany. From Europe came back finished goods
(made in India and England), iron, wine, fruit, feathers, and leather.
There was also some trade between Salem and the Chesapeake Bay
area, which provided com, wheat, and tobacco, while South Carolina
provided rice. Most Salem merchant vessels were small, under 60
tons.
The tidal South River ran along Derby Street and all the way to the
present Post Office; and in this secure deep-water inner harbor were
most of the wharves and warehouses, although some wharves were
built along the North River too. The Browne family, whose houses
stood on Essex Street between Liberty and Washington, dominated
Salem's society, and the Brownes were leading merchants, followed
by Benjamin Pickman (1708-1773), Samuel Gardner, Timothy Orne,
and, by the 1750s, Richard Derby (1712-1783). Salem's colonial
commerce was active but the imperial authorities limited the Salem
merchants to trade with designated British possessions. By smuggling
and trading with un-approved partners, the Salem merchants made
good profits.
In 1760, after Canada and the Ohio Valley were taken from the
French, the English decided to pay for the costs of war and of
sustaining a bureaucracy in America by squeezing tax revenues out of
the colonials' trade. Although they had been under royal governors for
two generations, the New Englanders had been self-governing by town
meetings at the local level and, at the provincial level, through an
elected legislature. They regarded themselves as a free people, and not
as dependents of a far-away mother country. Merchants and mariners
had always traded with the Spanish and Dutch in Europe and the
various islands of the Caribbean, regardless of their national
affiliations; and they deeply resented the British crack-down on this
trade, accompanied by privateering against American vessels by both
the French and the British.
2
�In 1761, a group of Salem and Boston merchants sued to prevent the
use of search warrants ("writs of assistance") by the Customs officials
who were trying to inspect their vessels and warehouses. Later in the
decade, Salemites were roused against the Stamp Act, and applied tar
and feathers to a couple of men who disagreed. In Boston, mobs
attacked the royal officials' houses and beat up their flunkies. The
British authorities were surprised at this resistance to their policies,
and feared an insurrection. In 1768, they sent over a small army to
occupy Boston. Now the Americans were forced to see themselves as
misbehaving colonials, and to realize that they were not free. They did
not like this picture, and the result was bitter public opposition and
more street violence in Boston. The Boston Massacre took place in
March, 1770; in short order, all of Massachusetts turned openly
against the British, and the clouds of war gathered on the horizon.
Samuel Ropes was a boy of thirteen at this time, just entering into his
indenture as an apprentice cooper, probably working for his father,
Deacon Benjamin Ropes, a leader of Rev. Dudley Leavitt's "New
Light" Church. Before the Revolution, Samuel's older sisters were all
well-married: Sarah (1752-1796) to Jerathmeel Peirce, who would
become a privateer-owner and a great merchant; and Lydia (17541835) to 1774 Capt. Ichabod Nichols (1749-1839) a shipmaster and
later a merchant of Salem and Portsmouth. His older brother,
Benjamin Ropes Jr., married Margaret Symonds and would serve as a
lieutenant in the rebel army, in which he died as a young man.
Pre-revolutionary Salem had more than its share of Tories; but the
Sons of Liberty were in the majority. Wealthy scions of families like
the Curwens, Pickmans, and Brownes, stayed loyal to the King, as did
many others who had married into the merchant families. In 1774,
military rule was imposed from England as Gen. Thomas Gage
became governor of Massachusetts and the port of Boston was shut
down in punishment for the Tea Party of December, 1773. On June 2,
1774, Salem became the new capital of Massachusetts, as a reward for
its supposed loyalty. Governor Gage and his officials relocated to the
North Shore, and the Customs operation was conducted from
Marblehead, while Salem became the major seaport ofNew England,
handling virtually all of the commercial business that Boston had
done. Hundreds of new people moved to Salem, and the legislature
met in Salem's Court House. In short order that legislature, led by
John Hancock, voted its independence from the authority of
Parliament, and set itself up as the governing body of a free state.
Gage tried to shut it down, but it was too late: he had lost control of
Massachusetts to the rebel assembly gathered in Salem. The town still
3
�had a powerful and outspoken group of loyalists, led by Peter Frye, a
prominent merchant and magistrate whose wife was a Pickman. One
night in October, Judge Frye learned just how far the rebels were
willing to go: his fine house on Essex Street was burned down and his
family barely escaped with their lives as half a block of houses and
stores and a church all went up in smoke. Next day, the rebel assembly
met again and voted to move their proceedings to Concord. Gage and
his officials moved to Boston, and many of the loyalists followed.
Outside of Boston, all of Massachusetts was under the control of the
rebels.
By January, 1775, loyalists had been purged from the Salem militia
regiment, and Col. William Browne was replaced by Col. Timothy
Pickering, who was writing a book on military drill. Samuel Ropes
was then seventeen; Pickering was a first cousin of Ropes' mother,
Ruth Hardy Ropes. One Sunday in February, 1775, the Revolutionary
War almost began in Salem. When everyone was in church, Col.
Leslie's redcoats marched overland from Marblehead and arrived in
downtown Salem, hoping to seize cannon and munitions in North
Salem. They came to a sudden halt at the North Bridge-the Salem
men, alerted by a Marblehead rider, had pulled up the draw of the
bridge. Rev. Thomas Barnard Jr., of the North Church, engaged Col.
Leslie in discussion; and Capt. John Felt, warned Leslie that blood
would flow ifhe did not tum back. Negotiations followed, and
agreement was reached: the draw went down, Leslie's men advanced a
short distance into North Salem, faced about, and marched back
through Salem's South Fields and Marblehead, whose own regiment,
led by Col. Jeremiah Lee, could have slaughtered them. Instead, the
Marbleheaders fell in behind them, marching in mockery of Leslie's
Retreat as the British made their way back to the beach and boarded
their whaleboats to return to the transport vessel.
With the battle at Lexington & Concord, April 19th, 1775, the die was
cast. Of course no one knew how the war would end, and there was
little to indicate that the colonials could actually defeat the King's
army and navy, but virtually every able-bodied Salem man and boy
gave himself over to the cause. Salem's regiment participated in the
siege of Boston, as George Washington took command of the army in
Cambridge. The British left Boston in March, 1776, never to return.
Washington's army was pushed southward from Long Island in a
series of defeats, during which Salem's Col. Timothy Pickering
became one of the General's most trusted officers, and Quartermaster
General of the army. Washington's first victory was the Battle of
4
�Trenton, on Christmas Day, 1776, made possible by the Marblehead
regiment of Gen. John Glover. Eventually most of the Salem men
came home and sailed in privateers for the duration of the war. There
is no record of military service by Samuel Ropes, so it is likely that he
sailed as a privateer, and perhaps was successful. It should be noted
that there was another Samuel Ropes in town at that time, the son of a
Loyalist judge.
In 1780, Samuel Ropes (1757-1841) married Sarah Cheever, and in
1782 he built this house, facing down the wharf, then known as
Blaney' s Wharf. Eventually the wharf was extended well out into the
harbor, probably by Ingersoll & Allen, and was known by 1820 as
Ome's Wharf, one of the largest in Salem, running out about 900'. By
1850, somewhat reduced in size, it was known as Webb's Wharf.
Samuel Ropes (1757-1841), born 8 March 1757, s/o Benjamin
Ropes & Ruth Hardy, died 5 Dec. 1841. Hem. 27 May 1780 Sarah
Cheever (1758-1842), d/o Ezekiel Cheever, died 11 Oct. 1842.
Known issue, surname Ropes:
1. Samuel, 1781, died at sea 1800, supercargo of Henry.
2. Benjamin, 1783, died 1801 by accident on board Belisarius.
3. William, 1784, m. 1811 Martha Reed, of Boston and Russia,
merchant.
4. Sally,1786
5. Hardy, 1788, m. 1824 Mary Ladd; of Boston, merchant.
6. Ruth Hardy, 1791-1837, m. Henry Prince.
7. Louisa, 18793-1842, m. 1821 Rev. Samuel Green, Boston.
8. Joseph, 1796-1816.
In 1784, Samuel Ropes' house and shop in ward one were valued at
400 Ii, and his stock & faculty at 100 Ii (per valuations, 1784-5). His
future business partner, John Page, of ward four (Federal Street), had a
house worth 600 Ii and stock & faculty valued at 300 Ii. As may be
seen, many of those who had gained during the Revolution through
privateering did not have much money by the end of the war. Their
future fortunes would depend on the prosperity of Salem's overseas
commerce, their connections to men who did have money, and their
own entrepreneurial abilities. Samuel Ropes was well connected in
Salem, through his merchant brothers-in-law. His younger brothers
were not in a position to assist his coopering business, but all three
brothers-in-law were merchants with extensive shipping interests who
stood in need of barrels as containers for their cargos as well as barrel-
5
�making materials that they might export to the wine islands and
Europe.
In 1783 Samuel's sister Ruth (1761-1850) would marry John Leach
(1741-1805), a privateer commander, shipmaster, and later a
merchant. Samuel' s younger brothers were Hardy, who became a
New Hampshire farmer; Capt. George (1765-1807), a shipmaster who
would marry Seeth Millett (1769-1823) in 1789, and would be lost at
sea in 1807; Joseph (1770-1795) lost at sea schooner Active; and Capt.
Timothy ( 1773-1848) who married Sarah Holmes and would become
a cooper and shipmaster (EIHC 7:196-9).
Samuel's father, Deacon Benjamin Ropes, died in 1790, leaving house
& land worth $1683 and a modest personal estate. His widow Ruth
survived him until 1795 (EIHC 7:150-153).
Through the memoir of a nephew, Benjamin Ropes, we get a glimpse
of Samuel's life and work (see EIHC, "Benjamin Ropes'
Autobiography"), as follows. Samuel Ropes' brother, Lt. Benjamin
Ropes, an officer in the Revolutionary army who died of camp fever
in 1778, left three small children and his wife, Margaret (Symonds)
Ropes, who, in 1788, apprenticed her son Benjamin, sixteen, to his
uncle Samuel Ropes, of Blaney Street, "to learn the cooper' s trade"making barrels and casks and buckets. Ben would serve Samuel for
two years while she provided for Ben' s "board and clothing." After
learning the trade, Ben was to teach it to his younger brother James,
who stayed at home to help their mother. Benjamin served out his time
under uncle Samuel, who thereafter employed him as a journeyman
cooper. One day in January, 1790, Benjamin went to the wharf to pack
a hogshead of fish (a hogshead was a very large barrel); "being shorthanded, (Ben) exerted himself beyond (his) strength by which (he)
sprained his breast," which caused him to cough up blood every
morning into the month of June, with continual night-sweats and great
weakness. To save his health, young Benjamin shipped out on a
fishing voyage, and returned, much stronger, in September, to find that
his brother James had lost a hand due when a gun exploded. Again,
Ben "applied to my uncle Samuel Ropes for employment." Samuel
had no jobs open, and said he was barely able to make ends meet, but
referred Benjamin to another uncle, the rich merchant Jerathmeel
Peirce, who turned down Ben's request for a $30 loan to get started as
a cooper at the North Bridge. This surprised uncle Samuel, who then
advised Ben to seek a loan from the lumber merchant Miles Ward,
6
�who cheerfully complied, and launched Benjamin on a successful
career.
In some places, the post-war loss of the former colonial connections
and trade routes was devastating, for Americans were prohibited from
trading with most British possessions; but in Salem, the merchants and
mariners were ready to push their ships and cargos into all parts of the
known world. They did so with astonishing success. By virtue of
competing fiercely, pioneering new routes, and opening and
dominating new markets, Salem won a high place in the world. Hasket
Derby, William Gray, Eben Beckford, and Joseph Peabody were the
town's commercial leaders. In 1784, Derby began trade with Russia;
and in 1784 and 1785 he dispatched trading vessels to Africa and
China, respectively. Voyages to India soon followed, and to the Spice
Islands and Pepper Islands (Java, Sumatra, Malaya, etc.). All of this
commerce was a boon to the coopers, including Samuel Ropes, who
amassed a good deal of money.
By the 1790s, the new foreign-trade markets- and the coffee trade,
which would be opened in 1798 with Mocha, Arabia- brought great
riches to the Salem merchants, and raised the level of wealth
throughout the town: new ships were bought and built, more crews
were formed with more shipmasters, new shops and stores opened,
new partnerships were formed, and new people moved to town. In
1792 Salem's first bank, the Essex Bank, was founded, although it
"existed in experiment a long time before it was incorporated," per
Rev. William Bentley. From a population of 7921 in 1790, the town
would grow by 1500 persons in a decade. At the same time, thanks to
the economic policies of Alexander Hamilton, Salem vessels were
able to transport foreign cargoes tax-free and essentially to serve as
the neutral carrying fleet for both Britain and France, which were at
war with each other.
Samuel Ropes secured a position as a weigher & gauger in the Custom
House, evidently, for in 1792 William Bentley, minister of the East
Church, refers to him as "cooper, cutter, weigher & gauger"
(Bentley's diary, I:336). In 1793 Samuel Ropes went into business as
a ship-chandler, with a partner, Col. John Page (1751-1838) of 112114 Federal Street. As Page & Ropes, Ship Chandlers, they operated a
large brick store that supplied provisions and supplies to vessels
bound on long voyages (per EIHC I:55). They carried everything from
groceries to cordage, quadrants, charts, tar, brandy, gin, lime stone,
sugar, and rum. Their store was leased from Hasket Derby evidently,
7
�and was located at the head of Union Wharf, on Derby Street opposite
Union Street; and in 1800 for $4000 they purchased the store and land
from the Derby heirs (ED 167:176). At the same time, it is likely that
Mr. Ropes carried on his cooper's business, with supervisor hired to
oversee the journeymen and apprentices. Page & Ropes did an
excellent business along the booming waterfront;,and in 1798 the firm
contributed $100 toward construction of a privat9ly financed Salem
frigate, the Essex, for defense against marauding French ships (EIHC
75:6).
,
a
In the late 1790s, there was agitation in Congress to go to war with
France, which was at war with England. After President Adams'
negotiators were rebuffed by the French leaders in 1797, a quasi-war
with France began in summer, 1798, much to the horror of Salem's
George Crowninshield family (father and five shipmaster sons), which
had an extensive trade with the French, and whose ships and cargos in
French ports were susceptible to seizure. The quasi-war brought about
a political split within the Salem population. Those who favored war
with France (and detente with England) aligned themselves with the
national Federalist party, led by Hamilton and Salem's Timothy
Pickering (the U.S. Secretary of State). These included most of the
merchants, led locally by the Derby family. Those who favored peace
with France were the Anti-Federalists, led by Jefferson and his
Democratic-Republican party; they were led locally by the
Crowninshields. For the first few years of this rivalry, the Federalists
prevailed; but after the death of Hasket "King" Derby in 1799 his
family's power weakened. Samuel Ropes was a staunch and active
Federalist, and would serve as a selectman of the town.
In 1800, Adams negotiated peace with France and fired Pickering as
Secretary of State. Salem's Federalists merchants erupted in anger,
expressed through their newspaper, the Salem Gazette. At the same
time, British vessels began to harass American shipping. Salem
owners bought more cannon and shot, and kept pushing their trade to
the farthest ports of the rich East, while also maintaining trade with
the Caribbean and Europe. Salem cargos were exceedingly valuable,
and Salem was a major center for distribution of merchandise
throughout New England: "the streets about the wharves were alive
with teams loaded with goods for all parts of the country. It was a
busy scene with the coming and going of vehicles, some from long
distances, for railroads were then unknown and all transportation must
be carried on in wagons and drays. In the taverns could be seen
teamsters from all quarters sitting around the open fire in the chilly
8
�evenings, discussing the news of the day or making merry over
potations of New England rum, which Salem manufactured.in
abundance." (from Hurd's History ofEssex County, 1888, p. 65).
The Crowninshields, led by brother Jacob, were especially successful,
as their holdings rose from three vessels in 1800 to several in 1803.
Their bailiwick, this Derby Street district, seeme4 almost to be itself
imported from some foreign country: in the stores, parrots chattered
and monkeys cavorted, and from the warehouses wafted the exotic
aromas of Sumatran spices and Arabian coffee beans and Caribbean
molasses. From the wharves were carted all manner of strange fruits,
and crates of patterned china in red and blue, and piles of gorgeous
silks and figured cloths, English leather goods, and hundreds of barrels
of miscellaneous objects drawn from all of the ports and workshops of
the world. The greatest of the Salem merchants at this time was
William "Billy" Gray, who owned 36 large vessels-IS ships, 7 barks,
13 brigs, 1 schooner- by 1808. Salem was then still a town, and a
small one by our standards, with a total population of about 9,500 in
1800. Its politics were fierce, and polarized everything. The two
factions attended separate churches, held separate parades, and
supported separate schools, military companies, and newspapers.
Salem' s merchants resided mainly on two streets: Washington (which
ended in a wharf on the Inner Harbor, and, above Essex, had the Town
House in the middle) and Essex (particularly between what are now
Hawthorne Boulevard and North Street). The East Parish (Derby
Street area) was for the seafaring families, shipmasters, sailors, and
fishermen. In the 1790s, Federal Street, known as New Street, had
more empty lots than fine houses. Chestnut Street did not exist: its site
was a meadow. As the 19th century advanced, Salem's commercial
prosperity would sweep almost all of the great downtown houses away
(the brick Joshua Ward house, built 1784, is a notable exception).
The Ropes family prospered in these years, but suffered double
tragedy, when the two oldest boys, Benjamin and Samuel, died in
1800 and in 1801, one at Curacao on a voyage of the Henry which he
was supercargo, aged nineteen, and one at Union Wharf, second mate
of the Belisarius, crushed to death by a falling spar, aged eighteen.
The two Ropes brothers were young men of great ability and promise,
and their deaths fell as terrible blows on their family and friends. Two
of their three younger brothers would grow up to become prominent
merchants in Boston.
9
�The Common was covered with hillocks, small ponds and swamps,
utility buildings, and the alms-house. In 1802, Col. Elias Hasket
Derby (Jr.) began a subscription drive to landscape the common and
transform it into a beautiful promenade and paracte ground, to be
known as Washington Square. Samuel Ropes gave $5 to level the
Common (EIHC 4:139), along with many others; and the project was
soon completed.
5
The town's merchants were among the wealthiest in the country, and,
in Samuel McIntire, they had a local architect who could help them
realize their desires for large and beautiful homes in the latest style.
While a few of the many new houses went up in the old EssexWashington Street axis, most were erected on or near Washington
Square or in the Federalist "west end" (Chestnut, Federal, and upper
Essex Streets). The architectural style (called "Federal" today) had
been developed by the Adam brothers in England and featured fanlight
doorways, palladian windows, elongated pilasters and columns, and
large windows.
A new bank, the Salem Bank, was formed in 1803, and there were two
insurance companies and several societies and associations. The fierce
politics and commercial rivalries continued. The ferment of the times
is captured in the diary of Rev. William Bentley, bachelor minister of
Salem's East Church and editor of the Register newspaper. His diary
is full of references to the civic and commercial doings of the town,
and to the lives and behaviors of all classes of society. He had high
hopes for the future of a republican America, with well-educated
citizens. He observed and fostered the transition in Salem, and wrote
in his diary (2 Dec. 1806), "While Salem was under the greatest
aristocracy in New England, few men thought, and the few directed
the many. Now the aristocracy is gone and the many govern. It is plain
it must require considerable time to give common knowledge to the
people." On Union Street, not far from Bentley's church, on the fourth
of July, 1804, was born a boy who would grow up to eclipse all sons
of Salem in the eyes of the world: Nathaniel Hawthorne, whose father
would die of fever while on a voyage to the Caribbean in 1808. This
kind of untimely death was all too typical of Salem's young seafarers,
who fell prey to malaria and other diseases of the Caribbean and
Pacific tropics.
Salem was by no means the Federalist town that some have portrayed
it to be: the political balance was about even between the Federalists
and the Democratic-Republicans; and in 1806, Samuel Ropes was the
�)
sole Federalist chosen town selectman. In that year, the heirs ofE.H.
Derby extended their wharf far out into the harbor, tripling its previous
length. This they did to create more space for warehouses and shipberths in the deeper water, at just about the time that the
Crowninshields had built their great India Wharf at the foot of nowWebb Street. The other important wharves were Forrester's (now
Central, just west of Derby Wharf), White' s (offWhite Street), Orne's
(near White's), and Union Wharf, where Page & Ropes had its store.
Farther to the west, a number of smaller wharves extended into the
South River (filled in during the late 1800s), all the way to the foot of
Washington Street. Each had a warehouse or two, and shops for
artisans (coopers, blockmakers, joiners, etc.). The waterfront between
Union Street and Washington Street also had lumber yards and several
ship chandleries and distilleries, with a Market House at the foot of
Central Street, below the Custom House. The wharves and streets
were crowded with shoppers, gawkers, hawkers, sailors, artisans
("mechanics"), storekeepers, and teamsters; and just across the way,
on Stage Point along the south bank of the South River, wooden barks
and brigs and ships were being built in the shipyards.
Salem' s boom came to an end with a crash in January, 1808, when
Jefferson and the Congress imposed an embargo on all shipping in
hopes of forestalling war with Britain. The Embargo, which was
widely opposed in New England, proved futile and nearly ruinous in
Salem, where commerce ceased. In October, the Federalists of Essex
County held an anti-Embargo convention at Topsfield, at which
Samuel Ropes was one of the delegates (p.275, J.D. Phillips, Salem &
The Indies). As a hotbed of Democratic-Republicanism, Salem's East
Parish and its seafarers, led by the Crowninshields, loyally supported
the Embargo until it was lifted in spring, 1809. Shunned by the other
Salem merchants for his support of the Embargo, the eminent Billy
Gray took his large fleet of ships- fully one-third of Salem's
tonnage-and moved to Boston, whose commerce was thereby much
augmented. Gray's removal eliminated a huge amount of Salem
wealth, shipping, import-export cargos, and local employment. Gray
soon switched from the Federalist party, and was elected Lt. Governor
under Gov. Elbridge Gerry, a native of Marblehead.
At this time, Samuel Ropes and his wife decided to move out of the
east Parish, where they had resided since 1782. On 1 Aug. 1809 for
$2900 Samuel Ropes, merchant, bought from Jacob Lord, carpenter,
the westerly part of the large new house, with barn, at 134 bridge
Street, on the southerly corner ofNorthey Street (ED 187:228). Into
11
�this house Samuel Ropes and his family soon moved; and there he
would live for many years more, until his death in 1841.
After the lifting of the Embargo, Salem resumed its seafaring
commerce for three years, still subject to British predators; and in
June, 1812, war was declared against Britain. Although the merchants
had tried to prevent the war, when it came, Salem swiftly fitted out 40
privateers manned by Marblehead and Salem crews, who also served
on U.S. Navy vessels, including the frigate Constitution. Many more
local vessels could have been sent against the British, but some of the
Federalist merchants held them back. In addition, Salem fielded
companies of infantry and artillery. Salem and Marblehead privateers
were largely successful in making prizes of British supply vessels.
While many of the town's men were wounded in engagements, and
some were killed, the possible riches of privateering kept the men
returning to sea as often as possible. The first prizes were captured by
a 30-ton converted fishing schooner, the Fame, and by a 14-ton luxury
yacht fitted with one gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem privateers, the
Crowninshields' 350-ton ship America was most successful: she
captured 30-plus prizes worth more than $1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the British
warships that cruised these waters. On land, the war went poorly for
the United States, as the British captured Washington, DC, and burned
the Capitol and the White House. Along the western frontier, U.S.
forces were successful against the weak English forces; and, as
predicted by many, the western expansionists had their day. At sea, as
time wore on, Salem vessels were captured, and its men imprisoned or
killed. After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town dry.
Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British prison-ships and at
Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in 1814,
New England Federalist delegates met to consider what they could do
to bring the war to a close and to restore the region' s commerce. Sen.
Timothy Pickering of Salem led the extreme Federalists in proposing a
series of demands which, if not met by the federal government, could
lead to New England' s seceding from the United States; but the
Pickering faction was countered by Harrison G. Otis of Boston and the
moderate Federalists, who prevailed in sending a moderate message to
Congress.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored.
12
�Toward the end of the war, in November, 1814, for $1300 Samuel
Ropes Esq. sold the house here on Blaney Street to Samuel Derby, Jr.
(ED 205 :36).
Samuel Derby Jr. ( 1785-1828) was a ship chandler, also known as a
trader or grocer. Born 2 Oct. 1785, he was the eldest often children of
Samuel Derby (1764-1826) & Bethiah Watts (17.67-1851) of Salem.
His father, who began his career as an artisan, became a ship chandler,
and prospered until the Embargo, which badly damaged his finances.
In the War of 1812, Samuel Derby Sr., although fifty years old, was
captain of marines on the privateer Montgomery, and fought well in
many battles at sea. Presumably Samuel Derby Jr. was raised up as a
clerk in his father's chandlery and also served during the War of 1812
on board privateers. Samuel Derby Sr. must have been friends with the
sail-maker Nicholas Lane (co-purchaser in 1782 with Samuel Ropes),
for he named his last child Nicholas Lane Derby.
Samuel Derby Jr., 23, married Abigail Buffum, sixteen, in November,
1808. She was the daughter of Joshua Buffum of Salem, and had been
born while the family resided in Connecticut, in 1792. A few years
after Samuel & Abigail's marriage, her mother, Mrs. Mary Buffum, a
widow, married, second, Nicholas Lane, the sail-maker who lived
nearby on Derby Street. Mr. Lane died in May, 1815, and Mary
survived as his widow.
Samuel and Abigail Derby had three children before purchasing this
house, Joshua (1809, died 1810), Lucy Ann (1811), and Mary (1814).
They would have five more surviving children after 1814: Eliza C.
(1817, died an infant), Eliza C. (1819, died 1828), Abigail (1821),
Samuel (1823), and Charles (1826). Soon after Mr. Lane' s death, Mr.
Derby, described as a grocer, had an opportunity to buy the adjoining
property formerly of Nicholas Lane, and did so, for $765.30 from the
Salem Bank, subject to a mortgage for $364 to John Osgood, which he
would pay off in 1817 (ED 206:140, 214:124). This gave him
ownership of the store at the comer and the house to the west of it on
derby Street, and the land belonging.
Post-war, the Salem merchants rebuilt their fleets and resumed their
worldwide trade, slowly at first, and then to great effect. Many new
partnerships were formed. The pre-war partisan politics of the town
were not resumed post-war, as the middle-class "mechanics" (artisans)
became more powerful and brought about civic harmony, largely
through the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association (founded 1817).
13
�In July, 1817, the Derbys had a terrible accident, as their new baby,
Eliza, then three months old, was accidentally given laudanum, a
poison, from which she died right away.
Rev. William Bentley, keen observer and active citizen during
Salem's time of greatest prosperity and fiercest political divisions,
died in 1819, the year in which a new U.S. Custom House was built on
the site of the George Crowninshield mansion, at the head of Derby
Wharf. Into the 1820s foreign trade continued prosperous; and new
markets were opened with Madagascar (1820), which supplied tallow
and ivory, and Zanzibar (1825), whence came coffee, ivory, and gum
copal, used to make varnish. This opened a huge and lucrative trade
in which Salem dominated, and its vessels thus gained access to all of
the east African ports.
In 1820 (per census), Samuel Derby Jr. and family resided here (p. 42)
and he prospered in his business. He evidently conducted his ship
chandlery from the store at the comer of Derby and Blaney Streets;
and he had another house, formerly Lane's, leased out to tenants on
Derby Street west of the store. His chandlery eventually became a
grocery store, as fewer vessels needed outfitting for long voyages to
the Orient.
Samuel Derby Jr (1785-1828), s/o Samuel Derby & Bethiah Watts,
died 18 Jan. 1828. Hem. 9 Nov. 1808 Abigail Buffum (1792-1877),
d/o Joshua & Mary Buffum, died 2 Sept. 1877. Known issue:
1. Joshua, 1809-1810.
2. Lucy Ann, 1811, d. 12 May 1830.
3. Mary, 17 June 1815, artist, d. 19 Jan. 1900.
4. Eliza C., 1817, d. 12 July 1817, by accident.
5. Eliza C., 1819, d. 13 Feb. 1828.
6. Abigail, 1821, m. 1847 Albert A. Gould.
7. Samuel, 1823, settled in Hawaii.
8. Charles, 1826, m. Emeline ___; settled in Hawaii.
Salem's general maritime foreign commerce fell off sharply in the late
1820s. Imports in Salem ships were supplanted by the goods that
were now being produced in great quantities in America. The interior
of the country was being opened for settlement, and some Salemites
moved away. To the north, the falls of the Merrimack River powered
large new textile mills (Lowell was founded in 1823), which created
great wealth for their investors; and in general it seemed that the tide
14
�of opportunity was ebbing away from Salem. To stem the flow of
talent from the town and to harness its potential water power for
manufacturing, Salem's merchants and capitalists tried to harness
Salem' s tidal power for manufacturing, but the effort failed, after
which several leading citizens moved to Boston, the hub of investment
in the new economy.
On Jan. 18, 1828, Samuel Derby died, aged just 42 years. He left his
wife Abigail, 35, and six young children, one of them still a toddler.
Less than a month later, his daughter Eliza died at the age of eight. It
was a double tragedy, and a disaster for the family. Fortunately,
Samuel left a solvent estate. The probate papers (appended) show the
stock in his store at the time (worth $796.32) as well as the household
furniture. He owned one share in the Essex marine Railway
Corporation (worth $75), which was a company that hauled vessels
out of the water for repairs; and he held many notes on loans that he
had made to friends and relatives. The administrator of his estate was
his wife's brother, Samuel Buffum. Before long, the probate court set
off to the widow, Mrs. Abigail Buffum Derby, one-third of the real
estate, for her lifetime use. The "widow' s dower" (copy of court
decree appended), awarded in August, 1829, consisted of most of the
homestead (valued at $1600) here, including all of the house-lot and
all of the rooms other than the three northern lower rooms, which were
reserved to the benefit of her children. Mrs. Derby continued to reside
here with her children.
In April, 1830, occurred a horrifying crime that brought disgrace to
Salem. Old Capt. Joseph White, a rich merchant, now retired, resided
in a mansion on Essex Street. His wealth was legendary in Salem, not
least among the denizens of the nearby Salem Jail, where plots had
long been hatched to break in and steal the Captain's putative treasure
chest. One night, intruders did break in; and they stabbed him to death
in his sleep. All of Salem buzzed with rumors; but within a few
months it was discovered that the murderer was a Crowninshield (he
killed himself) who had been hired by his friends, Capt. White' s own
relatives, Capt. Joe Knapp and his brother Frank (they would be
executed). The murder, and related lurid events, tarnished Salem
further, and more families quit the now-notorious town. One month
after the White murder, Lucy Ann Derby, nineteen, died here at her
mother's house.
In 1830 (per census), Abigail Derby lived here with two boys, a young
man, a girl, two young women, and an older woman, probably her
15
�mother, Mrs. Mary Lane, widow. The house may have had as tenant
Adam Nesmith, a distiller, or Eben Hooper. In 1831 (pr valuations,
p.8), Abigail Derby owned two houses and a store (worth $2500,
valued at $1500), and she lived here with her family, while two blind
men, Joseph Black and Joseph Millett, evidently resided in the tenant
house on Derby Street, as did William Measly.
Salem had not prepared for the industrial age, and had few natural
advantages. The North River served not to power factories but mainly
to flush the waste from the 25 tanneries that had set up along its banks.
As the decade wore on, and the new railroads and canals, all running
and flowing to Boston from points north, west, and south, diverted
both capital and trade away from the coast. Salem's remaining
merchants took their equity out of local wharves and warehouses and
ships and put it into the stock of manufacturing and transportation
companies. Some merchants did not make the transition, and were
ruined. Old-line areas of work, like rope-making, sail-making, and
ship chandleries, gradually declined and disappeared. Salem slumped
badly, but, despite all, the voters decided to charter their town as a city
in 1836-the third city to be formed in the state, behind Boston and
Lowell. City Hall was built 1837-8 and the city seal was adopted with
an already-anachronistic Latin motto of "to the farthest port of the rich
East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!" The Panic of 1837, a
brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even more
Salem families to head west in search of fortune and a better future.
Throughout the 1830s, the leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent an
economy for their fellow citizens, many of whom were mariners
without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity, ambition, and hard work
would have to carry the day. One inspiration was the Salem
Laboratory, Salem's first science-based manufacturing enterprise,
founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant built in 1818 in
North Salem on the North River, the production of alum and blue
vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business.
Salem's whale-fishery led to the manufacturing of high-quality
candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils. The candles proved
very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and grew large
after 1830, when Wyman' s gristmills on the Forest River, at the head
of Salem Harbor, were retooled for making high-quality white lead
and sheet lead. These enterprises were a start toward taking Salem in a
new direction. In 183 8 the Eastern Rail Road, headquartered in Salem,
began operating between Boston and Salem, which gave the local
people a direct route to the region's largest market. The new railroad
16
�tracks ran right over the middle of the Mill Pond; the tunnel under
Washington Street was built in 1839; and the line was extended to
Newburyport in 1840.
In Salem first directory, published in 183 7, Mrs. Abigail Derby is
listed at 4 Blaney Street, as is William Measly, laborer. Joseph M.
Black, laborer, is listed at 49 Derby Street.
In 1844, #4 Blaney Street was occupied by Mrs. Abigail Derby, her
son Samuel Derby, 20, who probably worked as a sailor, and by Peter
Carraway, a laborer. The tenant house on Derby Street was occupied
by Joseph Black, George Ramsdell, 30, and Thomas Loyd, 20 (per
1844 street book). In the 1846 Directory, Mrs. Abigail Derby is listed
here at 4 Blaney. In 1847 her daughter Abigail married Mr. Gould and
moved to South Danvers; she would have two daughters before her
early death. In 1848 (per street book), the house was occupied by
Charles Derby, 21, Henry Robinson, 39, an Englishman working as a
mariner, and (technically) by Samuel Derby, who, it was noted, had
been absent for three years. Mrs. Derby was not mentioned. In 1849,
she resided here with her son, Charles, and daughter, Mary, an artist,
and with mariner Henry Robinson, all at "the foot of Blaney Street."
In the face of major economic changes, some members of Salem's
waning merchant class pursued sea-borne businesses into the 1840s;
but it was an ebb tide, with unfavorable winds. Boston, transformed
into a modern mega-port with efficient railroad and highway
distribution to all markets, had subsumed virtually all foreign trade
other than Salem's commerce with Zanzibar. The sleepy waterfront at
Derby Wharf, with an occasional arrival from Africa and regular visits
from schooners carrying wood from Nova Scotia, is depicted in 1850
by Hawthorne in his cranky "introductory section" to The Scarlet
Letter, which he began while working in the Custom House.
Although Hawthorne had no interest in describing it, Salem's
transformation did occur in the 1840s, as more industrial methods and
machines were introduced, and many new companies in new lines of
business arose. The Gothic symbol of Salem's new industrial economy
was the large twin-towered granite train station- the "stone depot" smoking and growling with idling locomotives. It stood on filled-in
land at the foot of Washington Street, where the merchants' wharves
had been; and from it the trains carried many valuable products as well
as passengers. The tanning and curing of leather was very important in
Salem by the mid-1800s. On and near Boston Street, along the upper
17
�North River, there were 41 tanneries in 1844, and 85 in 1850,
employing 550 hands. The leather business would continue to grow in
importance throughout the 1800s. In 1846 the Naumkeag Steam
Cotton Company completed the construction at Stage Point of the
largest factory building in the United States, 60' wide by 400' long. It
was an immediate success, and hundreds of people found employment
there, many of them living in tenements built nearby. It too benefited
from the Zanzibar and Africa trade, as it produced light cotton cloth
for use in the tropics. Also in the 1840s, a new method was introduced
to make possible high-volume industrial shoe production. In Lynn, the
factory system was perfected, and that city became the nation's
leading shoe producer. Salem had shoe factories too, and attracted
shoe workers from outlying towns and the countryside. Even the
population began to transform, as hundreds of Irish families, fleeing
the Famine in Ireland, settled in Salem and gave the industrialists a big
pool of cheap labor. In 1849, the Gold Rush was on, and many men
from Salem took a chance at getting rich out west. Some found a little
gold and came home, others died on the way out or back, and some
never returned. Charles Derby was one who tried his luck and
eventually returned.
In 1851, Stephen C. Phillips succeeded in building a railroad line from
Salem to Lowell, which meant that the coal that was landed at Phillips
Wharf (formerly the Crowninshields' great India Wharf) could be run
cheaply out to Lowell to help fuel the boilers of the mills, whose
output of textiles could be freighted easily to Salem for shipment by
water. This innovation, although not long-lived, was a much-needed
boost to Salem's economy as a port and transportation center. Salem's
growth continued through the 1850s, as business and industries
expanded, the population swelled, new churches (e.g. Immaculate
Conception, 1857) were started, new working-class neighborhoods
were developed (especially in North Salem and South Salem, off
Boston Street, and along the Mill Pond behind the Broad Street
graveyard), and new schools, factories, and stores were built. A
second, larger, factory building for the Naurnkeag Steam Cotton
Company was added in 1859, at Stage Point, where a new Methodist
Church went up, and many neat homes, boarding-houses, and stores
were erected along the streets between Lafayette and Congress. The
tanning business continued to boom, as better and larger tanneries
were built along Boston Street and Mason Street; and subsidiary
industries sprang up as well, most notably the J.M. Anderson glueworks on the Turnpike (Highland Avenue).
18
�In 1854, Mrs. Derby and the artist Mary Derby lived here, while son
Charles was listed as having gone to California, no doubt for the Gold
Rush. Henry Robinson, mariner, was still residing here with the Derby
women (per 1855 directory), but shortly after he moved away. Charles
returned about 1852 and married Emeline; and they had a boy, Charles
A., in 1853, and another son in 1855, by which time they resided on or
near Allen Street, and Charles was working as a restorateur ( 185 5
census, house, 48, ward one). Here at #4 Blaney, Mrs. Abigail Derby,
63, and daughter Mary, 41, resided in one unit, while in the other
resided Henry Robinson, 46, a mariner, born in England, his wife
Eliza, 44, born in Maine, and their daughters Eliza G., five, and Mary
A, one year (house 106, ward one, 1855 census).
As it re-established itself as an economic powerhouse, Salem took a
strong interest in national politics. It was primarily Republican, and
strongly anti-slavery, with its share of outspoken abolitionists, led by
Charles Remand, a passionate speaker who came from one of the
city's notable black families. At its Lyceum (on Church Street) and in
other venues, plays and shows were put on, but cultural lectures and
political speeches were given too.
By 1860, with the election of Abraham Lincoln, it was clear that the
Southern states would secede from the union; and Salem, which had
done so much to win the independence of the nation, was ready to go
to war to force others to remain a part of it.
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years,
during which hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy,
and many were killed or died of disease or abusive treatment while
imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered wounds, or broken health. The
people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to alleviate the suffering
of the soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was great
celebration when the war finally ended in the spring of 1865,just as
President Lincoln was assassinated. The four years of bloodshed and
warfare were over; the slaves were free; a million men were dead; the
union was preserved and the South was under martial rule. Salem,
with many wounded soldiers and grieving families, welcomed the
coming of peace.
Through the 1860s, Salem pursued manufacturing, especially of
leather and shoes and textiles. The managers and capitalists tended to
build their new, grand houses along Lafayette Street (these houses
may still be seen, south of Roslyn Street; many are in the French
19
�Second Empire style, with mansard roofs). A third factory building for
the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was built in 1865.
In 1862, Samuel Derby sold his 7/36 interest in the overall property
here to his mother Abigail Derby; and in 1863 Abigail Derby Gould
for $450 sold her interest to her sister Mary Derby (ED 637:40,
646:227). Charles Derby (he is listed here in the 1864 directory) and
family eventually joined his brother Samuel, who had settled in
paradise- the Sandwich Islands, which he had no doubt visited on a
cruise, which are now called Hawaii.
In 1870 Salem received its last cargo from Zanzibar, thus ending a
once-important trade. By then, a new Salem & New York freight
steamboat line was in operation. Seven years later, with the arrival of a
vessel from Cayenne, Salem's foreign trade came to an end. After that,
"the merchandise warehouses on the wharves no longer contained
silks from India, tea from China, pepper from Sumatra, coffee from
Arabia, spices from Batavia, gum-copal from Zanzibar, hides from
Africa, and the various other products of far-away countries. The boys
have ceased to watch on the Neck for the incoming vessels, hoping to
earn a reward by being the first to announce to the expectant merchant
the safe return of his looked-for vessel. The foreign commerce of
Salem, once her pride and glory, has spread its white wings and sailed
away forever" (George Batchelor in History ofEssex County, II: 65).
In 1870 (per census, house 127), this was the home of Mrs. Abigail
Derby, 78, with $2500 in real estate, and her daughter Mary, 55, who
had $1,000 in personal estate; and it was also the home of John Smith,
37, a cigar maker, wife Abba T., 36, and son James H. Smith, 3.
Salem was now so densely built-up that a general conflagration was
always a possibility, as in Boston, when, on Nov. 9, 1872, the
financial and manufacturing district of the city burned up. Salem
continued to prosper in the 1870s, carried forward by the leathermaking business. In 1874 the city was visited by a tornado and shaken
by a minor earthquake. In the following year, the large Pennsylvania
Pier (site of the present coal-fired harborside electrical generating
plant) was completed to begin receiving large shipments of coal.
Beyond it, at Juniper Point, a new owner began subdividing the old
Allen farmlands into a new development called Salem Willows and
Juniper Point. In the U.S. centennial year, 1876, A.G. Bell of Salem
announced that he had discovered a way to transmit voices over
telegraph wires.
20
�In this decade, French-Canadian families began coming to work in
Salem' s mills and factories, and more houses and tenements were
built. The better-off workers bought portions of older houses or built
small homes for their families in the outlying sections of the city; and
by 1879 the Naumkeag Steam Cotton mills would employ 1200
people and produce annually nearly 15 million yards of cloth. Shoemanufacturing businesses expanded in the 1870s, and 40 shoe
factories were employing 600-plus operatives. Tanning, in both Salem
and Peabody, remained a very important industry, and employed
hundreds of breadwinners. On Boston Street in 1879, the Arnold
tannery caught fire and burned down.
Mrs. Abigail Derby died on Sept. 2, 1877, at the age of 85, having
lived here for more than sixty years, and having survived her husband
by 49 years. Her survivors were her son Charles of Hawaii (son
Samuel had already died there), her daughter Mary of Salem, and the
two daughters of her deceased daughter Mrs. Abigail Gould. Her
daughter Mary served as administratrix of the Samuel Derby estate,
which had never been divided, and which included two houses, a
store, and barn, all worth $2300, of which Mrs. Derby' s own interest
was worth $1405, being 11/18 of the homestead (#37369). In 1878
and 1879 Miss Mary Derby bought out the interests of her brother
Charles Derby and heirs of her sister Mrs. Gould in their mother' s
property (ED 1022:204-5). This evidently left Mary Derby the sole
owner of the premises; and on 11 October 1881 she sold the
homestead for $1135 to Mary Durgin, wife of John Durgin, by Mrs.
Durgin' s trustee, George Wheatland, Esq. (ED 1069:160). The
premises fronted 86' on Blaney Street, and 73' each on its north and
its south boundaries.
Mrs. Durgin, the new owner, died by early 1884; and on 1 February
1884 the homestead was conveyed, according to her will, to Thomas
Durgin, her son (ED 1124:99). In October, 1889, for $1600, Thomas
Durgin sold the premises to John H. Cashman of Salem (ED 1261 :77).
Mr. Cashman evidently built a new house to the west of#4, and the
new house was numbered 4 rear. After his death, his widow, Anastasia
Cashman, owned the property (see 1897 atlas), which would remain in
Cashman ownership until 1922.
In the 1880s and 1890s, Salem kept building infrastructure; and new
businesses arose, and established businesses expanded. Retail stores
prospered; horse-drawn trolleys ran every which-way; and machinists,
21
�carpenters, millwrights, and other specialists all thrived. In 1880,
Salem's manufactured goods were valued at about $8.4 million, of
which leather accounted for nearly half. In the summer of 1886, the
Knights of Labor brought a strike against the manufacturers for a tenhour day and other concessions; but the manufacturers imported labor
from Maine and Canada, and kept going. The strikers held out, and
there was violence in the streets, and even rioting; but the owners
prevailed, and many of the defeated workers lost their jobs and
suffered, with their families, through a bitter winter.
In 1886, Miss Mary Derby for $850 sold off more of her property, to
John Nash (ED 1172:298), who thus acquired the comer lot and old
store, which had been leased by Albert P. Goodhue. She had moved to
103 Essex Street, where she lived out the rest of her life, and died in
her 84th year in January, 1900.
By the mid-1880s, Salem' s cotton-cloth mills at the Point employed
1400 people who produced about 19 million yards annually, worth
about $1.5 million. The city' s large shoe factories stood downtown
behind the stone depot and on Dodge and Lafayette Streets. A jute
bagging company prospered with plants on Skerry Street and English
Street; its products were sent south to be used in cotton-baling. Salem
factories also produced lead, paint, and oil. At the Eastern Railroad
yard on Bridge Street, cars were repaired and even built new. In 1887
the streets were first lit with electricity, replacing gas-light. The gas
works, which had stood on Northey Street since 1850, was moved to a
larger site on Bridge Street in 1888, opposite the Beverly Shore.
More factories and more people required more space for buildings,
more roads, and more storage areas. This space was created by filling
in rivers, harbors, and ponds. The once-broad North River was filled
from both shores, and became a canal along Bridge Street above the
North Bridge. The large and beautiful Mill Pond, which occupied the
whole area between the present Jefferson Avenue, Canal Street, and
Loring Avenue, finally vanished beneath streets, storage areas, junkyards, rail-yards, and parking lots. The South River, too, with its
epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a Custom House built
there in 1805) disappeared under the pavement of Riley Plaza and
New Derby Street, and some of its old wharves were joined together
with much in-fill and turned into coal-yards and lumber-yards. Only a
canal was left, running in from Derby and Central Wharves to
Lafayette Street.
22
�In 1890 this house was occupied by the families of John Shallow and
of James Wade, a laborer and teamster who would soon move to
Derby Street. The Shallows, John and Mary, were born in Ireland and
had moved to Canada as a young couple. Six sons and five daughters
were born to them (not all names are known to me); and in the 1870s
they moved to the United States. They probably moved into this house
in the 1880s, and would reside here for at least three decades, as
tenants of the Cashmans. John Shallow would die here in 1899, aged
about seventy.
John Shallow (1830?-1899) born in Ireland, died 16 Feb. 1899. He
m. Mary _ _ _ (1832-1916), died 4 Dec. 1916. Known issue, all
born in Canada (three others, names unknown):
1. John, currier 1890
2. Patrick J., currrier 1890
3. Mary J., 1857, came U.S. 1876, weaver
4. William A., 1860, currier 1890
5. Bridget, 1864, m. William H. Veno.
6. Catherine F., 1865
7. Annie, 1868
8. Thomas E., 1871, currier 1890
In 1900 or shortly before, William H. Veno appears as head of a
second household residing here. He was born in Washington in 1864,
of parents born in France. He married Bridget Shallow. In 1898 he
went to work for the Salem Water Department, where he came to be
an expert in water supply. He belonged to various clubs and societies,
and was a volunteer fireman and a well-liked "conscientious and
faithful" man and citizen (info from his 1908 obituary). He and
Bridget had five children.
William H. Veno (1864-1908), born Washington; he died 13 April
1908. He m. c. 1888 Bridget (Shallow) (b. 1864, Canada, d/o John
& Mary Shallow; came U.S. 1875). Known issue (three others died
young), surname Veno:
1. Mary F., 1889
2. John, 1890
3. Florence, 1897
4. Anna, 1900
5. Henry, 1905
In 1901, among the many Shallows living here, Miss Mary J. worked
as a weaver, Patrick J. was listed as "U.S. Volunteer", and Thomas E.
23
�was a clerk at V. Dooley's grocery, 122 Derby Street, while William
A. was a currier in the leather trade.
In the early spring of 1908, after responding to a fire alarm, William
Veno, 44, took ill; and he died a month later in April, leaving his wife
Bridget and five children, the youngest, Henry, only three.
Salem kept growing. The Canadians were followed in the early 20th
century by large numbers of Polish and Ukrainian families, who
settled primarily in the Derby Street neighborhood. By the eve of
World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported
large department stores and large factories of every description.
People from the surrounding towns, and Marblehead in particular,
came to Salem to do their shopping; and its handsome government
buildings, as befit the county seat, were busy with conveyances of
land, lawsuits, and probate proceedings. The city's politics were
lively, and its economy was strong.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street
opposite Federal), a fire started in one of Salem' s fire-prone wooden
tanneries. This fire soon consumed the building and raced out of
control, for the west wind was high and the season had been dry. The
next building caught fire, and the next, and out of Blubber Hollow the
fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of flame and smoke, wiping out
the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street, and upper Broad Street, and
then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop, Endicott, and other
residential streets. Men and machines could not stop it: the enormous
fire crossed over into South Salem and destroyed the neighborhoods
west of Lafayette Street, then devoured the mansions of Lafayette
Street itself, and raged onward into the tenement district. Despite the
combined efforts of heroic fire crews from many towns and cities, the
fire overwhelmed everything in its path: it smashed into the large
factory buildings of the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (Congress
Street), which exploded in an inferno-well viewed from Blaney
Street-and it rolled down Lafayette Street and across the water to
Derby Street. There, just beyond Union Street, after a 13-hour
rampage, the monster died, having consumed 250 acres, 1600 houses,
and 41 factories, and leaving three dead and thousands homeless.
Some people had insurance, some did not; all received much support
and generous donations from all over the country and the world. It
was one of the greatest urban disasters in the history of the United
States, and the people of Salem would take years to recover from it.
24
�Eventually, they did, and many of the former houses and businesses
were rebuilt; and several urban-renewal projects (including Hawthorne
Boulevard, which involved removing old houses and widening old
streets) were put into effect.
The Shallows and Venos continued to reside here. Mrs. Mary Shallow
died in 1916, in her eighties. In 1922 the Cashmans sold the premises
to Messrs. Sim and Russell, owners of the Russell-Sim Tanning
Company (ED 2522:89); and they would own it until 1944.
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its
tercentenary in 1926 was a time of great celebration. The Depression
hit in 1929, and continued through the 1930s. Salem, the county seat
and regional retail center, gradually rebounded, and prospered after
World War II through the 1950s and into the 1960s. General Electric,
Sylvania, Parker Brothers, Pequot Mills (formerly Naumkeag Steam
Cotton Co.), Almy' s department store, various other large-scale
retailers, and Beverly' s United Shoe Machinery Company were all
major local employers. Then the arrival of suburban shopping malls
and the relocation of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they
have with many other cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its
way forward into the present with success, trading on its share of
notoriety arising from the witch trials, but also from its history as a
great seaport and as the home of Bowditch, McIntire, Bentley, Story,
and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a city where the homes of the
old-time merchants, mariners, coopers, chandlers, and mill-operatives
are all honored as a large part of what makes Salem different from any
other place.
25
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Blaney Street
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4 Blaney Street, Salem, Massachusetts, 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1782 for Samuel Ropes, Cooper
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. House Histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1782, 1976
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1782
1976
4
Blaney Street
Booth
Cooper
Salem Massachusetts
Samuel Ropes
-
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b790750fa30c44771197996b2858b23a
PDF Text
Text
17 Bentley Street
Salem
According to available evidence, this house was built for George Bowditch
Jr., Salem mason, in 1843.
On 18 July 1840, George Bowditch Jr., Salem bricklayer, for $393.75 purchased a
piece of land that fronted westerly 35' on "the way recently laid open," and
bounded southerly 80' on J.D. Green's land, easterly 35' on Hardy Street, and
northerly 80' on land of J.D. Green "now occupied by George Bowditch Sr." (ED
319:236). The seller of the land was James Diman Green of Cambridge, a
grandson of Rev. James Diman, who had owned the land in the 1700s. Mr.
Bowditch's lot was but a piece of Mr. Green's property in this vicinity. Mr.
Bowditch had this house built in 1843.
On 26 June 1843 for $500 George Bowditch Jr., Salem mason, mortgaged the
property to Epes Cogswell, a Salem carpenter (ED 337:280). Mr. Cogswell may
have been the building contractor for this house, whose foundation and chimneys
were almost certainly the work of Mr. Bowditch himself. In the mortgage deed,
Mr. Bowditch recited that it was the same land that he had purchased on 18 July
1840 but with the addition since then of "the new building thereon." This
mortgage would be discharged in January, 1852 (ED 337:280, margin).
George Bowditch Jr. was born in Salem on 20 June 1812, the son of a mariner,
George Bowditch, and Sarah (Stodder) Bowditch. The Bowditch family had deep
roots in Salem, being descended from William Bowditch, a West-of-England man
who came to Salem in the 1630s. George Bowditch Sr., who evidently resided on
Hardy Street, was a first cousin of Nathaniel Bowditch, the mathematical genius.
At the time of George Jr. 's birth, the War of 1812 was just beginning. Later,
George Sr. would become a grocer ("trader") and superintendent of Salem's
hearses.
George Jr. had five siblings. When he reached the age of 12 or so, in 1824, he
was evidently apprenticed to learn the trade of a mason or bricklayer. Typically,
he would have gone to live in his master's house, with another apprentice or two;
and for several years he would work in exchange for room, board, clothing, and
knowledge of his trade. At a certain point, he would be paid somewhat for his
work, and by the age of twenty or so he would become a journeyman, free to
work for himself or whomever he chose. A bricklayer built foundations and
chimneys, while a mason did the same but also plastered walls. He probably
became a journeyman in 1832. He would remain a bachelor for another 11 years,
residing in the family home on Hardy Street.
�In 1832, Salem was losing its luster as a great seaport. After the War of 1812,
Salem merchants had rebuilt their merchant fleet and prosecuted a worldwide
trade, to great effect. A new custom house was built in 1819, at the head of Derby
Wharf. Through the 1820s the foreign trade continued prosperous; but at the end
of that decade, Salem's maritime commerce sank rapidly.
The new railroads and canals in the 1830s diverted both capital and trade away
from the coast. American goods were now being produced at a level where
imports were not so much needed as in the past, and the interior of the country
was being opened for settlement. People moved west, including some from
Salem, and the economic attention of the merchants turned westward with them.
Manufacturing and the railroads now attracted Salem's capital, and many of the
more notable merchants moved to Boston, the center of investment in these nonmaritime industries. The Eastern Rail Road (a Salem-based enterprise) began
operating between Salem and Boston in 1838; the tracks ran right over the middle
of the Mill Pond. Salem did engage in some manufacturing-leather, shoes,
textiles--but not on the scale of the factory towns of Lowell, Lawrence, and
Haverhill, with their mills driven by the powerful waters of the Merrimack.
George Bowditch Jr. evidently found plenty of work in the "declining" Salem of
his adulthood. Factories and shops were being built, and houses as well, and all
needed chimneys and foundations. While great fortunes were no longer being
made in Salem, a contractor like Mr. Bowditch could make a good living. George
Bowditch Jr. married Margaret S. Brown in July, 1843; and, between 1844 and
1861, they would have four children, only one of whom, Thomas, born in 1849,
survived to adulthood.
The Salem Directories show George Bowditch Jr., "mason," residing on Hardy
Street in 1836 and 1842, and on Bentley Street in 1846. In the 1860s and 1870s
this house was numbered 9 Bentley; in 1888 it was renumbered 17. Bentley
Street was named for the Rev. William Bentley, the long-time beloved pastor of
Salem's North Church (in this neighborhood on Essex Street; now gone), whose
diary (published) gives a portrait of life in Salem from the 1790s into the 1820s.
In May, 1844, Mr. Bowditch purchased a strip of land to the south of the
homestead. It was 5' wide and ran from street to street.
Somewhat stubbornly, Salem's waning merchant class pursued their business on
the sea; but as the years went by the conditions of shipping changed, and Salem
was left on the ebb tide. In the late 1840s, giant clipper ships replaced the smaller
ships that Salem men had sailed around the world; and the clippers, with their
deep drafts and large holds, were usually too large for Salem and its harbor. The
town's shipping soon consisted of little more than visits from Down East coasters
with cargoes of fuel wood and building timber. By 1850 Salem was finished as a
working port; and its glory days were over. An excellent picture of Salem's
waterfront, during its period of decline from glory, is given by Hawthorne in his
�"introductory section" (really a sketch of Salem) to The Scarlet Letter, which he
began while working in the nearby Custom House and completed at home on
Mall Street off the Common.
In 1850 (per census, house 127) George Bowditch, 33 (really 37), mason, resided
here with his wife, Margaret, 28, and their son, Thomas, two. Their nearest
neighbors were families also headed by carpenters and masons.
In October, 1853, Mr. Bowditch purchased another piece of land, to the south of
the homestead. It was 16' wide and ran from street to street. On this new piece of
land, he soon built a new house (#19 Bentley) by moving in an older building and
adding a new section. He turned the new house over to his aged parents, who
lived on until 1862 (death of George) and 1867 (death of Sarah). Therefore, the
families of George Bowditch Sr. and George Bowditch Jr. lived side-by-side (see
1860 census, houses 1175 and 1176; in it, GB Jr. is mistakenly listed as "master
mariner," a slip-up for "master mason").
In the early 1860s, while the Civil War (1861-1865) was being fought, Mr.
Bowditch began instructing his only son, Thomas Bowditch, in the mason's trade.
After the Civil War, Salem fully re-tooled as an industrial center, with good
success. The symbol of its new economy was the large twin-towered granite train
station, which stood at the foot of Washington Street, where it had joined the
inner harbor. Beginning in the 1840s, the Salem capitalists had built factories that
soon filled with Irish immigrant workers as well as the native-born. Salem's
water-oriented downtown area remained intact, or nearly so, for most of the 19th
century, although no more did square-rigged ships visit the wharves along the
inner harbor (the South River, which ran from Derby Wharf to where the Post
Office now is). The railroad had been built across the middle of the beautiful Mill
Pond, which extended, from the inner harbor all the way to Loring Avenue, in a
broad sheet of water between what are now called Canal Street and Jefferson
Avenue. In the early 20th century, both of these ancient bodies of water would
vanish, as they were filled in and buried beneath streets, storage areas, junk-yards,
rail-yards, and parking lots.
As late as 1869 Thomas Bowditch, mason, resided here with his parents. By the
1870s he had moved to the old family house on Hardy Street, where he and his
family would remain for many years. George Bowditch continued in the mason
business for the rest of his life, with his mason's shop behind this house, on the
part of his land that fronted on Hardy Street (14 1h Hardy Street).
George and Margaret Bowditch grew old here. Mrs. Bowditch died in the 1880s,
evidently. Mr. Bowditch, at the very end of life, evidently moved in with his son
Thomas & family at 6 Hardy Street, where he died on June 2, 1893, in the 79th
year of life. From his obituary: "George Bowditch Jr., one of the oldest and bestknown 'down-town residents,' so called, died at his home on Hardy Street last
�evening. Mr. B. was in his 7gth year. He was a mason by trade, and had always
lived and been closely identified with the lower part of the city. He was a
thoroughly good man, straightforward in all his dealings and unusually respected
by all who knew him. His wife died some years ago." His remains were interred
at Harmony Grove cemetery with Rev. O.A. Hillard officiating and with a wreath
from the Salem Veteran Fireman's Association, of which he had doubtless been a
member.
The property was inherited by Thomas Bowditch of Hardy Street. He did not
reside here, but used this house for rental income. In 1897 it was occupied by
John Greene, a gardener, and family: wife Ellen, and sons Frank (laborer) and
David (clerk). John Greene died on 1 May 1898, aged 57 years. His wife and son
Frank continued to reside here in 1900 and beyond. The Great Fire of June, 1914,
which destroyed much of south part of the City of Salem, did not affect this
neighborhood, although it burned down everything in sight just across the canal
from Derby Wharf at the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (now called
Shetland Park).
Thomas Bowditch died by 1916. He devised his property to his wife Annie,
daughter Mrs. May Johnson, and son George S. Bowditch. On 12 June 1916
these devisees sold the land and buildings, 17-19 Bentley Street, to Martin &
Antonina Witkos (ED 2334:65). The Witkoses resided in #17 and rented out #19.
Mr. Witkos ran a grocery store at 126 Derby Street, which he conducted until his
death in 1932. The property remained in the Witkos family until 1978, when this
house and its lot were set off as Lot E in a partition of property.
--Robert Booth, 23 Oct. 2000, for Historic Salem Inc.
���!I
·11
2 /} ().
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bentley Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
17 Bentley Street, Salem, MA 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for George Bowditch, Jr. Salem Mason 1843
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1843, 2000
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1843
2000
Booth
Bowditch
George
mason
Robert
-
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0d2cf527d2397e76b6583d5e9413d75b
PDF Text
Text
Five Daniels Street
Salem
Built for
Capt. Edward Stanley
ship master
& wife Esther Waters Stanley
c.1805
Copy of print of Friendship, commanded by Capt. Edward Stanley
�House at Five Daniels Street, Salem
By Robert Booth for Historic Salem Inc.
According to available evidence, this house was built for Capt.
Edward Stanley, shipmaster, and his wife Esther Waters Stanley,
circa 1805.
On June 7, 1805, Joseph Waters, Salem merchant, for $800 sold to
Edward Stanley, Salem mariner, "a piece ofland" bounded west 37'
on DanielsStreet,north 85' 6" on landof Silsbeeheirs,east40' 6"
on land of heirs ofPalfray, and 85' on other land (ED 178:159). On
this lot, Captain Stanley caused this house to be built. The identity of
the contractor is unlmown.
Edward Stanley (I 780-1849) was born in England; 1 but details of his
early life are now obscure. By some means, he came to Salem and
was able to rise to the rank of shipmaster-despite great
competition-and win command of merchant vessels. The Salem to
which he came had become a commercial empire, led by Basket
Derby, the merchant who opened trade with the Orient. More than
one hundred tall ships were involved. By the 1790s, the new foreigntrade markets-and the coffee trade, which would be opened in 1798
with Mocha, Arabia-brought great riches to the Salem merchants,
and raised the level of wealth throughout the town: new ships were
bought and built, more crews were formed with more shipmasters,
new shops and stores opened, new partnerships were formed, and
new people moved to town. In 1792 Salem's first bank, the Essex
Bank, had been founded, although it "existed in experiment a long
time before it was incorporated," per Rev. William Bentley. From a
population of792 l in 1790, the town would grow by 1500 persons
in a decade. At the same time, thanks to the economic policies of
Alexander Hamilton, Salem vessels were able to transport foreign
cargoes and serve as the neutral carrying fleet for both Britain and
France, which were at war with each other.
In the late 1790s, there was agitation in Congress to go to war with
France, which was at war with England. After President Adams'
1
That he was born in England is noted at the time of his death in I 849 in Salem Vital Records; there were
other "Stanleys" in Salem, but they were actually Standleys, descendants of a Beverly man of that name;
and occasionally CaptainStanley's name was writtenStandley. For a while, there was an EdwardStandley
in Salem as well as Edward Stanley.
�negotiators were rebuffed by the French leaders in 1797, a quasi-war
with France began in summer, 1798, much to the horror of Salem's
George Crowninshield family (father and five shipmaster sons),
which had an extensive trade with the French, and whose ships and
cargos in French ports were susceptible to seizure. The quasi-war
brought about a political split within the Salem population. Those
who favored war with France (and detente with England) aligned
themselves with the national Federalist party, led by Hamilton and
Salem's Timothy Pickering (the U.S. Secretary of State). These
included most of the merchants, led locally by the Derby family.
Those who favored peace with republican France were the AntiFederalists, who later became aligned with Jefferson and his
Democratic-Republican party; they were led locally by the
Crowninshields. For the first few years of this rivalry, the Federalists
prevailed; but after the death of Hasket "King" Derby in 1799 his
family's power weakened.
In 1799 the Federalists of Salem clubbed together and built a frigate,
the Essex, for the federal government, to be used in the war with
France. The superintendent was Capt. Joseph Waters of Salem. In
that same year, Salem sent out privateers, including the 139-ton
armed brigantine Cicero, 69' in length, with 6 guns and 12 men,
owned hy Billy Gray, commanded by Nathaniel Skinner, first mate
John Dixey, second mate Edward Standley, who may the ES of this
house (EIHC 71:122).
In 1800, Adams negotiated peace with France and fired Pickering for
fomenting war. Salem's Federalists merchants erupted in anger,
expressed through their newspaper, the Salem Gazette. At the same
time, British vessels began to harass American shipping. Salem
owners bought more cannon and shot, and kept pushing their trade to
the farthest ports of the rich East, while also maintaining trade with
the Caribbean and Europe. Salem cargos were exceedingly valuable,
and Salem was a major center for distribution of merchandise
throughout New England: "the streets about the wharves were alive
with teams loaded with goods for all parts of the country. It was a
busy scene with the coming and going of vehicles, some from long
distances, for railroads were then unknown and all transportation
must be carried on in wagons and drays. In the taverns could be seen
teamsters from all quarters sitting around the open fire in the chilly
evenings, discussing the news of the day or making merry over
2
�potations of New England rum, which Salem manufactured in
abundance. "2
The Crowninshields, led by brother Jacob, were especially
successful, as their holdings rose from three vessels in 1800 to
several in 1803. Their bailiwick, the Derby Street district, seemed
almost to be itself imported from some foreign country: in the stores,
parrots chattered and monkeys cavorted, and from the warehouses
wafted the exotic aromas of Sumatran spices and Arabian coffee
beans and Caribbean molasses. From the wharves were carted all
manner of strange fruits, and crates of patterned china in red and
blue, and piles of gorgeous silks and figured cloths, English leather
goods, and hundreds of ban-els of miscellaneous objects drawn from
all of the ports and workshops of the world. The greatest of the
Salem merchants at this time was William "Billy" Gray, who by
1808 owned 36 large vessels-15 ships, 7 barks, 13 brigs, and one
schooner. Salem was then still a town, and a small one by our
standards, with a total population of about 9,500 in 1800.
Its politics were fierce, and polarized everything. The two factions
attended separate churches, held separate parades, and suppmied
separate schools, military companies, and newspapers. Salem's
merchants resided mainly on two streets: Washington (which ended
in a wharf on the Inner Harbor, and, above Essex, had the Town
House in the middle) and Essex (particularly between what are now
Hawthorne Boulevard and North Street). The East Parish (Derby
Street area) was for the seafaring families, shipmasters, sailors, and
fishennen. In the 1790s, Federal Street, known as New Street, had
more empty lots than fine houses. Chestnut Street did not exist: its
site was a meadow. The Common was not yet Washington Square,
and was covered with hillocks, small ponds and swamps, utility
buildings, and the alms-house. As the 19th century advanced,
Salem's commercial prosperity would sweep almost all of the great
downtown houses away (the brick Joshua Ward house, built 1784, is
a notable exception).
The town's merchants were among the wealthiest in the country. In
Samuel McIntire, they had a local architect who could help them
realize their desires for large and beautiful homes in the latest style.
While a few of the many new houses went up in the old EssexWashington Street axis, most were erected on or near Washington
2
from Hurd's History of Essex County, 1888, p.65.
3
�Square or in the Federalist "west end" (Chestnut, Federal, and upper
Essex Streets). The Adamesque architectural style (often mis-labeled
as "Federal") had been developed by the Adam brothers in England
and featured fanlight doorways, palladian windows, elongated
pilasters and columns, and large windows. It was introduced to New
England by Charles Bulfinch in 1790. The State House in Boston
was his first institutional composition; and soon Beacon Hill was
being built up with handsome residences in the Bulfinch manner.
Samuel McIntire ( 1757-1811 ), who was self-educated and who made
his living primarily as a wood-carver and carpenter, was quick to
adapt the Bulfinch style to Salem's larger lots. Mcintire's first local
composition, the Jerathmeel Peirce house ( on Federal Street),
contrasts with his later Adamesque designs. In place of walls of
wood paneling, there now appeared plastered expanses painted in
bright colors or covered in bold wallpapers. The Adam style put a
premium on handsome casings and carvings of central interior
features such door-caps and chimney-pieces (Mcintire's specialty).
On the exterior, the Adam style included elegant fences; and the
houses were often built of brick, with attenuated porticoes and, in the
high style, string courses, swagged panels, and even two-story
pilasters. The best example of the new style was the Elias Basket
Derby house, co-designed by Bulfinch and McIntire, and built on
Essex Street in 1797-8 (demolished in 1815), on the site of today's
Town House Square.
A new bank, the Salem Bank, was formed in 1803, and there were
two insurance companies and several societies and associations. The
fierce politics and commercial rivalries continued. The ferment of
the times is captured in the diary of Rev. William Bentley, bachelor
minister of Salem's East Church and editor of the Register
newspaper. His diary is full of references to the civic and
commercial doings of the town, and to the lives and behaviors of all
classes of society. He had high hopes for the future of a republican
America, with well educated citizens. He observed and fostered the
transition in Salem, and wrote in his diary (2 Dec. 1806), "While
Salem was under the greatest aristocracy in New England, few men
thought, and the few directed the many. Now the aristocracy is gone
and the many govern. It is plain it must require considerable time to
give common knowledge to the people."
Edward Stanley was prospering as a mariner; and by 1802 he was
affluent enough to court Esther Waters, the daughter of a well-to-do
4
�merchant residing in the East parish, or Lower End. On June 12,
1803, Edward Stanley and Esther Waters were married.
Esther Waters (1785-1872)was born 31 July 1785, the daughter of
Joseph Waters, merchant, and his wife Mary. Her grandfather
Benjamin Waters of Boston had moved to Salem as a young man
and in 1745 had married Esther Gilbert oflpswich. They resided
along Bridge Street in the old Massey house, per the minister of the
East Church (Unitarian), Rev. William Bentley, whose meeting
house stood on Essex at Hardy Street in the Lower End. Benjamin
was a baker by trade, and an innholder, and kept the ferry to Beverly
before 1788 (when the bridge was built) at the end of what is now
Bridge Street. This couple had two daughters and one son, Joseph
Waters. Old Mrs. Esther Gilbert Waters was still alive in 1803, when
her namesake married Captain Stanley.
Esther's father, Capt. Joseph Waters, was a merchant ship-owner. He
lived in the Lower End, and attended Bentley's Unitarian church,
and so the family is mentioned in Bentley's diary until the minister's
death in I 8 I 9. Joseph Waters married Mary Dean in 1782, during
the Revolutionary War; and they would have ten children, of whom
Esther was the first, probably born in 1783 and baptized at the East
Church with sister Mary on 31 July 1785.
Joseph Waters (1758-1833), son of Benjamin Waters & Esther
Gilbert, died February 1833, aged 75 years. Hem. 2 July 1782
Mary Dean (1759-1798), dtr of Thomas Dean; she died of
convulsions, I Nov. 1798, aged 39 years. He m/2 Martha __
Issue:
I. Esther, bp. 31 July 1785, m. 1803 Edward Stanley
2. Mary, bp 1785
3. Benjamin, 1785?, m. 1805 Elizabeth Becket.
4. Martha, 1787
5. Lucia, 1788?, died May, 1804.
6. Sarah, 1789, died young
7. Charlotte, 1792, diedSept. 1803.
8. Sally, 1792
9. Caroline, 1794
JO. Joseph Gilbert, 1796, m. 1825 Eliza Townsend; had issue.
11. William Dean, bp 1810
On Union Street, not far from Bentley's church, on the fourth of
July, 1804, was born a boy who would grow up to eclipse all sons of
5
�Salem in the eyes of the world: Nathaniel Hawthorne, whose father
would die of fever while on a voyage to the Caribbean in 1808. This
kind of untimely death was all too common among Salem's young
seafarers, who fell prey to malaria and other diseases of the
Caribbean and Pacific tropics.
It was at just this time ( 1806) that the British changed their policy
toward American shipping, and no longer respected Americanflagged vessels as neutral carriers. This disastrous policy change
came just as the Derbys extended their wharf far out into the harbor
to create more space for warehouses and ship-berths in deeper water.
The Crowninshields had recently built their great India Wharf at the
foot of now-Webb Street. The other important wharves were
White's, Forrester's (now Central, just west of Derby Wharf), and
Union Wharf at the foot of Union Street. Farther to the west, smaller
wharves extended into the South River, all the way to the foot of
Washington Street. Each had a warehouse or two, and shops for
artisans (coopers, blockmakers, joiners, etc.). The waterfront
between Union Street and Washington Street also had lumber yards
and several ship chandleries and distilleries, with a Market House at
the foot of Central Street, below the Custom House. The wharves
and streets were crowded with shoppers, gawkers, hawkers, sailors,
artisans ("mechanics"), storekeepers, and teamsters; and just across
the way, on Stage Point along the south bank of the South River,
wooden barks and brigs and ships were being built in the shipyards.
Beginning late in 1806, Salem's commerce with the world was
repeatedly interrupted by the British navy, which intercepted neutral
trading vessels and often impressed American sailors into their
service. France, at war with Britain, countered with its own adverse
policy toward American shipping; and virtually ovemight Salem's
fleet found it much harder to operate freely as neutral shippers for
the European nations. Salem and other American ports continued to
push their trade into the oceans of the worlds, but now with the
expectation that they would have to fight their way across the seas
and into and out of foreign ports.
Within the Waters family, sister Lucia, about sixteen, died at
Beverly in late May, 1804, and she was buried from the home of
Hon. Nathan Dane, whose wife she had probably served as a
mother's helper. Despite the need to observe custom and wait with
the mourners for an hour, Bentley found that "the procession was
numerous and solemn, and a proper respect was shown to the
6
�deceased." In general, he stayed away from Beverly, where, he
observed, "the spirit of (religious) fanaticism has seized this
town"-it was the time of the so-called Second Great Awakeningso that "the extreme ignorance which is general in this place must
render them sure victims of their superstition and render it of the
most degrading character." Salem too felt the impact of itinerant
preachers, mainly evangelicals, who came to town and held
nighttime revival meetings which tended to attract the "primitive and
superstitious" members of the working classes, per Bentley, who
also observed the doings of new sects like the Methodists,
Universalists, and Baptists, all of whom opened meeting houses at
this time. Salem also had three Unitarian congregations, and three
post-Puritan Trinitarian congregations, as well as an Episcopal
church, a Quaker meeting, and informal Catholic gatherings.
In April, 1805, Esther's father, Capt. Joseph Waters, purchased (for
$40 IO) the Dean estate on the north side of Derby Street, corner of
Turner. The house had long been neglected; in 1783, when Bentley
first came to Salem, it had been "the best house as to appearance
which was in that part of the town" (Bentley, 9 April 1805). Captain
Waters restored it to former grandeur.
On 7 July 1805, in church, Rev. Mr. Bentley received a note from
Esther Stanley to commemorate the death of a sister at Ipswich, and
to pray for her husband and brother at sea. At that time, Captain
Stanley was master of the 170-ton brig Commerce, which had
cleared in February, 1805, on a voyage to the West Indies, with first
mate Robert Pease and crew of eight. Edward Stanley returned
safely and next went out in command of the 59-ton schooner Sally,
to the West Indies, in 1806, with mate Joseph Cook and four-man
crew. In May, 1807, he went out again as master of the 136-ton brig
Mary & Allen for St. Thomas, in the Caribbean, with mate Charles
Beck and crew ofsix. 3
Old Mrs. Esther Gilbert Waters died at the age of 88 years on Sept.
13, 1807, probably of the influenza.
Salem's twenty-year boom came to an end with a crash in
December, 1807, when Jefferson and the Congress imposed an
embargo on all shipping in hopes of forestalling war with Britain.
The Embargo, which was widely opposed in New England, proved
3
Voyages are tracked by records in Salem Crew database of Mystic Seaport; hard copy appended.
7
�futile and nearly ruinous in Salem, where commerce ceased. As a
hotbed of Democratic-Republicanism, Salem's East Parish and its
seafarers, led by the Crowninshields, loyally supported the Embargo
until it was lifted in spring, I 809. Shunned by the other Salem
merchants for his support of the Embargo, the eminent Billy Gray
took his large fleet of ships-fully one-fourth of Salem's tonnageand moved to Boston, whose commerce was thereby much
augmented. Gray's removal eliminated a huge amount of Salem
wealth, shipping, import-export cargos, and local employment. Gray
soon switched from the Federalist party, and was elected Lt.
Governor on a ticket with Gov. Elbridge Gerry, a native of
Marblehead.
In March, 1809, Captain Stanley subscribed $10 to repair the East
Parish meeting house, an effort led by Capt. Joseph White. Shortly
after, on March 17, Esther's sister-in-law, Elizabeth Becket Waters,
27, died-a sad story was related by Bentley in his diary. She was
the "daughter ofmy old friend Capt. John Becket. She married a
worthless young man (Benjamin Waters) of whom the world had
good hopes and who had ample mans of being happy. A separation
by the consent of all the friends on both sides ensued and he
withdrew from the town. She lingered in consumption and died. Her
form was excellent, her wit pure and inexhaustible. Her disposition
kind and her temper always at command. All were her friends ... "
Salem's commerce with the world was repeatedly interrupted by the
British, which intercepted neutral trading vessels and often
impressed American sailors into their navy. During this perios,
Edward Stanley was often at sea, on voyages to Cuba, to Brazil, and
to Russia. In June 1809, he commanded the 92-ton schooner Betsey,
bound for Havana with mate Joseph Cook, 35, and six men. John
Gardner, owner of one of the finest mansions in Salem 4, liked
Captain Stanley's work, and sent him back out in February, 1810,
commanding the 281-ton brig New Hazard, bound for Rio de
Janeiro, with mate Jacob Clarke, 25, and a 13-man crew. His next
voyage was undertaken for Peirce & Waite, in command of their fine
342-ton East Indiaman, the Friendship, a veteran of 17 voyages,
some to the Orient. In April, 1811, Captain Stanley, mate David
Thomas, and I 7 crewmen cleared away for the Russian port of
Archangel. She would never retum. 5
4
The Gardner-White-Pingree house on Essex Street
Her replica lies at Derby Wharf today, having been commissioned by the federal Department of the
Interior and built at Albany, NY, for Salem's Maritime Heritage Park.
5
8
�Early in 1812 the Waters family experienced another severe loss.
Capt. Thomas Dean had married Joseph Waters' sister Lydia in
1784, and they had a family of children. On Feb. 2, 1812 "the
worthy Mrs. Lydia Dean" died, leaving two children surviving,
Thomas, 25, and Lydia, 21. Bentley noted that Lydia would
thenceforward reside with her aunt Esther Waters Stanley. Lydia
Dean would marry Capt. James Cheever Jr. in July, 1815, perhaps at
this house. Her brother Thomas Dean named one of his sons
"Edward Stanley" (baptized 1818), as would her cousin Joseph G.
Waters.
Despite many warnings and negotiations, the British refused to alter
their policies regarding freedom of the seas. President Madison,
pushed hard by the war-hawks of the West, had few choices, and in
June, 1812, he and Congress declared against Britain. One
consequence was that Captain Stanley, returning from Archangel
(and probably unaware of the state of war) was captured by the
Royal Navy in September, 1812; and the Friendship was condemned
at Plymouth as a prize of war in December (seep. 21, G.G. Putnam,
set 1, Salem Vessels & Their Voyages).
Although the merchants had tried to prevenl the war, when it came,
Salem swiftly fitted out 40 privateers manned by Marblehead and
Salem crews, who also served on U.S. Navy vessels, including the
frigate Constitution. Many more local vessels could have been sent
against the British, but some of the Federalist merchants held them
back. In addition, Salem fielded companies of infantry and artillery.
Salem and Marblehead privateers were largely successful in making
prizes of British supply vessels. While many of the town's men were
wounded in engagements, and some were killed, the possible riches
of privateering kept the men returning to sea as often as possible.
The first prizes were captured by a 30-ton converted fishing
schooner, the Fame, and by a 14-ton luxury yacht fitted with one
gun, the Jefferson. Of all Salem privateers, the Crowninshields' 350ton ship America was most successful: she captured 30-plus prizes
worth more than $1,100,000.
Salem erected forts and batteries on its Neck, to discourage the
British warships that cruised these waters. On land, the war went
poorly for the United States, as the British captured Washington and
burned the Capitol and the White House. Along the western frontier,
U.S. forces were successful against the weak English forces; and, as
9
�predicted by many, the western expansionists had their day. At sea,
as time wore on, Salem vessels were captured, and its men
imprisoned or killed.
Edward Stanley, though born in England, was a trusted warrior in
the cause against Britain. In 1813 he had raised a company of sea
fencibles, and served as their lieutenant commanding, drilling them
in the use of artillery and close marching (per Bentley). He also
shipped out in privateers, and was captured by the summer of 1813,
at which time his minister, Mr. Bentley, was writing on his behalf to
the Secretary of State, Madison, to effect an exchange; and by
September he was back in town (ibid) and was a co-owner, with
Henry White Jr. and Sam Lamson, of the 6-ton privateer boat
Holkar, only 30' long and 5'6" in beam, carrying 16 men with their
muskets-but they took no prizes (EIHC 79: 155).
After almost three years, the war was bleeding the town dry.
Hundreds of Salem men and boys were in British prison-ships and at
Dartmoor Prison in England. At the Hartford Convention in 1814,
New England Federalist delegates met to consider what they could
do to bring the war to a close and to restore the region's commerce.
Sen. Timothy Pickering of Salem, the leader of the extreme
Federalists, did not attend; and the Convention refrained from
issuing ultimatums. Nevertheless, it signaled the beginning of the
end for the national Federalist party.
At last, in February, 1815, peace was restored. There was jubilation
in the streets; and the East Meeting House was beautifully
illuminated at night, including two transparencies executed by
Captain Stanley and two others: one at the belfry, with a "sun and
Glory to God" and one on the porch, with the "arms of the U.S.
emblazoned Madison & Peace."
Captain Stanley evidently went to Portsmouth, NH, and sailed the
prize ship Antigua back to Salem, to go into service in the fleet of
Nathaniel West. Captain Stanley was given command of the brig
Neva bound for St. Petersburg, with mate Nathaniel Cleaves and a
crew of eleven. Mr. Bentley gave him a packet of antiquarian papers
to deliver to Bentley's great friend, Prof. Ebeling, at Elsinor in
Denmark; and the Neva sailed at the end of May, 1815 (per Bentley).
Captain Stanley was back in Salem a year later and was given
command of the ship Messenger, bound for Europe with a crew of
16 men. They probably traded at multiple ports.
10
�It seems that this was Capt. Edward Stanley's last voyage, and that
he "swallowed the anchor" and went into business as a merchant in
1817.
Post-war, America was flooded with British manufactured goods,
especially factory-made knock-offs of the beautiful Indian textiles
that had been the specialty of Salem importers for 30 years. Britain,
dominant in India, had forced the Indians to become cotton-growers
rather than cloth-producers; and the cheap Indian cotton was shipped
to the English industrial ports and turned into mass-produced cloth.
American national policy-makers reacted, in 1816, by passing a high
tariff on cheap imported textiles, in order to protect and encourage
America's own budding manufacturing capacity. The net result was
to diminish what had been the most abundant and lucrative area of
Salem's pre-war trade. Nevertheless, maritime commerce was
Salem's business, and its merchants rebuilt their fleets and resumed
their worldwide commerce, without a full understanding of how
difficult the new international conditions had become. For a few
years, there efforts were rewarded with reasonable profits, and it
seemed that Salem was once again in the ascendant, with almost 200
vessels sailing to Europe, the Orient, the Caribbean and South
America, and the southern ports.
The pre-war partisan politics of the town were not resumed post-war,
as the middle-class "mechanics" (artisans) became more powerful
and brought about civic hannony, largely through the Salem
Charitable Mechanic Association (founded 1817). Rev. William
Bentley, keen observer and active citizen during Salem's time of
greatest prosperity and fiercest political divisions, died in 1819, the
year in which a new U.S. Custom House was built on the site of the
George Crowninshield mansion, at the head of Derby Wharf. Into
the 1820s foreign trade continued prosperous; and new markets were
opened with Madagascar (1820), which supplied tallow and ivory,
and Zanzibar (1825), whence came coffee, ivory, and gum copal,
used to make varnish. This opened a long-standing trade that Salem
would dominate; and its vessels thus gained access to all of the east
African ports.
Salem's general maritime foreign commerce fell off shaiply in 1824,
as a second major tariff act was passed by Congress, to the benefit of
manufacturers and the detriment of importers. Salem imports were
supplanted by the goods that were now being produced in great
11
�quantities in America. The town's prosperity began to wane, and
many people saw no future locally. The interior of the country was
being opened for settlement, and some Salemites moved away. To
the north, the falls of the Merrimack River powered large new textile
mills (Lowell was founded in 1823); and in general it seemed that
the tide of opportunity was ebbing away from Salem. To stem the
flow of talent from the town and to harness its potential water power
for manufacturing, Salem's merchants and capitalists banded
together in 1825 to raise the money to dam the North River for
industrial power. Over the course of three years, the effort gained
momentum, but ultimately its many investors failed to implement
the plan, which caused several leading citizens to move to Boston,
the hub of investment in the new economy.
In 1830 occurred a horrifying crime that brought disgrace to Salem.
Old Capt. Joseph White, a rich merchant, now retired, resided in a
mansion on Essex Street. His wealth was legendary in Salem, not
least among the denizens of the nearby Salem Jail, where plots had
long been hatched to break in and steal the Captain's putative
treasure chest. One night, intruders did break in; and they stabbed
him to death in his sleep. All of Salem buzzed with rumors; but
within a few months it was discovered that the murderer was a
Crowninshield (he killed himself) who had been hired by his friends,
Capt. White's own relatives, Capt. Joe Knap and his brother Frank
(they would be executed). The murder, and related lurid events,
tarnished Salem further, and more families quit the now-notorious
town.
The Stanleys, Edward and Esther, continued to reside here, growing
older as Salem went into a period of decline. Salem had not prepared
for the industrial age, and had few natural advantages. The North
River served not to power factories but mainly to flush the waste
from the 25 tanneries that had set up along its banks. As the decade
wore on, and the new railroads and canals, all running and flowing
to Boston from points north, west, and south, diverted both capital
and trade away from the coast. Salem's remaining merchants took
their equity out oflocal wharves and warehouses and ships and put it
into the stock of manufacturing and transportation companies. Some
merchants did not make the transition, and were ruined. Old-line
areas of work, like rope-making, sail-making, and ship chandleries,
gradually declined and disappeared. Salem slumped badly, but,
despite all, the voters decided to charter their town as a city in
1836-the third city to be formed in the state, behind Boston and
12
�Lowell. City Hall was built 1837-8 and the city seal was adopted
with an already-anachronistic Latin motto of "to the farthest port of
the rich East"-a far cry from "Go West, young man!" The Panic of
1837, a brief, sharp, nationwide economic depression, caused even
more Salem families to head west in search of fortune and a better
future.
Throughout the 1830s, the leaders of Salem scrambled to re-invent
an economy for their fellow citizens, many of whom were mariners
without much sea-faring to do. Ingenuity, ambition, and hard work
would have to carry the day. One inspiration was the Salem
Laboratory, Salem's first science-based manufacturing enterprise,
founded in 1813 to produce chemicals. At the plant built in 1818 in
North Salem on the North River, the production of almn and blue
vitriol was a specialty; and it proved a very successful business.
Salem's whale-fishery led to the manufacturing of high-quality
candles at Stage Point, along with machine oils. The candles proved
very popular. Lead-manufacturing began in the 1820s, and grew
large after 1830, when Wyman's gristmills on the Forest River, at
the head of Salem Harbor, were retooled for making high-quality
white lead and sheet lead. These enterprises were a start toward
taking Salem in a new direction. In 1838 the Eastern Rail Road,
headquartered in Salem, began operating between Boston and
Salem, which gave the local people a direct route to the region's
largest market. The new railroad tracks ran right over the middle of
the Mill Pond; the tunnel under Washington Street was built in 1839;
and the line was extended to Newburyport in 1840.
In the face of these changes, some members of Salem's waning
merchant class continued to pursue their sea-borne businesses into
the 1840s; but it was an ebb tide, with unfavorable winds. Boston,
transformed into a modern mega-port with efficient railroad and
highway distribution to all markets, had subsumed virtually all
foreign trade other than Salem's continuing commerce with
Zanzibar. The sleepy waterfront at Derby Wharf, with an occasional
arrival from Africa and regular visits from schooners carrying wood
from Nova Scotia, is depicted in 1850 by Hawthorne in his cranky
"introductory section" to The Scarlet Letter, which he began while
working in the Custom House.
Although Hawthorne had no interest in describing it, Salem's
transformation did occur in the 1840s, as more industrial methods
and machines were introduced, and many new companies in new
13
�lines of business arose. The Gothic symbol of Salem's new industrial
economy was the large twin-towered granite train station-the
"stone depot"-smoking and growling with idling locomotives. It
stood on filled-in land at the foot of Washington Street, where the
merchants' wharves had been; and from it the trains carried many
valuable products as well as passengers. The tanning and curing of
leather was very important in Salem by the mid- l 800s. On and near
Boston Street, along the upper North River, there were 41 tanneries
in 1844, and 85 in 1850, employing 550 hands. The leather business
would continue to grow in importance throughout the 1800s. In 1846
the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company completed the construction
at Stage Point of the largest factory building in the United States, 60'
wide by 400' long. It was an immediate success, and hundreds of
people found employment there, many of them living in tenements
built nearby. It too benefited from the Zanzibar and Africa trade, as
it produced light cotton cloth for use in the tropics. Also in the
1840s, a new method was introduced to make possible high-volume
industrial shoe production. In Lynn, the factory system was
perfected, and that city became the nation's leading shoe producer.
Salem had shoe factories too, and attracted shoe workers from
outlying towns and the countryside. Even the population began to
transfonn, as hundreds oflrish families, fleeing the Famine in
Ireland, settled in Salem and gave the industrialists a big pool of
cheap labor.
Capt. Edward Stanley, merchant, died on Jan. 16, 1849, ofan
internal inflammation, aged 68 years (per Salem Vital Records). He
left his wife of 45 years, Esther, 63. She continued to reside here,
and would for many years; and by 1855 (if not before) she had a
servant (and companion) in the person of Mary Gorman, 28, born in
Ireland (see 1855 census, house 265). No doubt she enjoyed the
company of her nephew, Judge Joseph Gilbert Waters, from time to
time.
Mrs. Esther Waters resided here through the 1850s and l 860s.
In 1851, Stephen C. Phillips succeeded in building a railroad line
from Salem to Lowell, which meant that the coal that was landed at
Phillips Wharf (fonnerly the Crowninshields' great India Wharf)
could be run cheaply out to help fuel the boilers of the mills, whose
output of textiles could be sent back to Salem for shipment by water.
This innovation, although not long-lived, boosted Salem as a port
and transportation center. Salem's growth continued through the
1850s, as business and industries expanded, the population swelled,
14
�new churches (e.g. Immaculate Conception, 1857) were started, new
working-class neighborhoods were developed (especially in North
Salem and South Salem, off Boston Street, and along the Mill Pond
behind the Broad Street graveyard), and new schools, factories, and
stores were built. A second, larger, factory building for the
Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was added in 1859, at Stage
Point, where a new Methodist Church went up, and many neat
homes, boarding-houses, and stores were erected along the streets
between Lafayette and Congress. The tanning business continued to
boom, as better and larger tanneries were built along Boston Street
and Mason Street; and subsidiary industries sprang up as well, most
notably the J.M. Anderson glue-works on the Turnpike (Highland
Avenue).
As it established a productive economy, Salem took a strong interest
in national politics. It was primarily Republican, and strongly antislavery, with its share of outspoken abolitionists, led by Charles
Remond, a passionate speaker who came from one of the city's
notable black families. At its Lyceum (on Church Street) and in
other venues, plays and shows were put on, but cultural lectures and
political speeches were given too.
By 1860, with the election of Abraham Lincoln, it was clear that the
Southern states would secede from the union; and Salem, which had
done so much to win the independence of the nation, was ready to go
to war to force others to remain a part of it.
The Civil War began in April, 1861, and went on for four years,
during which hundreds of Salem men served in the army and navy,
and many were killed or died of disease or abusive treatment while
imprisoned. Hundreds more suffered wounds, or broken health. The
people of Salem contributed greatly to efforts to alleviate the
suffering of the soldiers, sailors, and their families; and there was
great celebration when the war finally ended in the spring of 1865,
just as President Lincoln was assassinated. The four years of
bloodshed and warfare were over; the slaves were free; 800,000 men
were dead; the union was preserved and the South was under maiiial
rule. Salem, with many wounded soldiers and grieving families,
welcomed the coming of peace.
Through the 1860s, Salem pursued manufacturing, especially of
leather and shoes and textiles. The maimgers and capitalists tended
to build their new, grand houses along Lafayette Street (these houses
15
�may still be seen, south of Roslyn Street; many are in the French
Second Empire style, with mansard roofs). A third factory building
for the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company was built in 1865.
In 1870 Salem received its last cargo from Zanzibar, thus ending a
once-important trade. By then, a new Salem & New York freight
steamboat line was in operation. Seven years later, with the arrival of
a vessel from Cayenne, Salem's foreign trade came to an end. After
that, "the merchandise warehouses on the wharves no longer
contained silks from India, tea from China, pepper from Sumatra,
coffee from Arabia, spices from Batavia, gum-copal from Zanzibar,
hides from Africa, and the various other products of far-away
countries. The boys have ceased to watch on the Neck for the
incoming vessels, hoping to earn a reward by being the first to
announce to the expectant merchant the safe return of his looked-for
vessel. The foreign commerce of Salem, once her pride and glory,
has spread its white wings and sailed away forever" (Rev. George
Batchelor in History of Essex County, II: 65).
By the spring of 1872, Mrs. Esther Waters Stanley had died, in her
th
86 year. By her will, she devised her property to four Salem
charities. In April, 1872, the executors of her will conveyed this
house and land to the four charities, which conveyed the same to
Roland Smalley of Salem for $2400 (ED 851:81, 859:288).
The new owner, Roland Smalley, was a long-time neighbor of Mrs.
Stanley. He was born in 1822 and resided in Salem by 1855 he was
working as a stevedore, married to Susan, 33, a native of Rhode
Island, and residing on Daniels Street, in a house (also occupied by
John Archer & family) across from this one (1855 state census,
house 254). In 1872 Mr. Smalley was fifty, and he and Susan had
daughters Evelyn, sixteen, and Susan E., five. Later they would
reside at 7 Daniels Street.
Salem was now so densely built-up that a general conflagration was
always a possibility, as in Boston, when, on Nov. 9, 1872, the
financial and manufacturing district of the city burned up. Salem
continued to prosper in the 1870s, carried forward by the leathermaking business. In 1874 the city was visited by a tornado and
shaken by a minor earthquake. In the following year, the large
Pennsylvania Pier (site of the present coal-fired harborside electrical
generating plant) was completed to begin receiving large shipments
of coal. Beyond it, at Juniper Point, a new owner began subdividing
16
�the old Allen fannlands into a new development called Salem
Willows and Juniper Point. In the U.S. centennial year, 1876, A.G.
Bell of Salem announced that he had discovered a way to transmit
voices over telegraph wires.
In this decade, French-Canadian families began corning to work in
Salem's mills and factories, and more houses and tenements were
built. The better-off workers bought portions of older houses or built
small homes for their families in the outlying sections of the city;
and by 1879 the Naurnkeag Steam Cotton mills would employ 1200
people and produce annually nearly 15 million yards of cloth. Shoemanufacturing businesses expanded in the 1870s, and 40 shoe
factories were employing 600-plus operatives. Tanning, in both
Salem and Peabody, remained a very important industry, and
employed hundreds of breadwinners. On Boston Street in 1879, the
Arnold tannery caught fire and burned down.
In April, 1881, Roland Smalley sold the homestead for $2400 to
Jane A. Hubon, a widow, of Salem (ED I 056:24 7). In July, 1885,
Mrs. Hubon sold the premises to Mary Ann Wiggin (ED 1155: 178).
Mrs. Wiggin was the widow of Abner J. Wiggin (per directory
1893/4).
In the 1880s and 1890s, Salem kept building infrastructure; and new
businesses arose, and established businesses expanded. Retail stores
prospered; horse-drawn trolleys ran every which-way; and
machinists, carpenters, millwrights, and other specialists all thrived.
In 1880, Salem's manufactured goods were valued at about $8.4
million, of which leather accounted for nearly half. In the summer of
1886, the Knights of Labor brought a strike against the
manufacturers for a ten-hour day and other concessions; but the
manufacturers imported labor from Maine and Canada, and kept
going. The strikers held out, and there was violence in the streets,
and even rioting; but the owners prevailed, and many of the defeated
workers lost their jobs and suffered, with their families, through a
bitter winter.
By the mid-1880s, Salem's cotton-cloth mills at the Point employed
1400 people who produced about 19 million yards annually, worth
about $1.5 million. The city's large shoe factories stood downtown
behind the stone depot and on Dodge and Lafayette Streets. A jute
bagging company prospered with plants on Skerry Street and
English Street; its products were sent south to be used in cotton17
�baling. Salem factories also produced lead, paint, and oil. At the
Eastern Railroad yard on Bridge Street, cars were repaired and even
built new. In 1887 the streets were first lit with electricity, replacing
gas-light. The gas works, which had stood on Northey Street since
1850, was moved to a larger site on Bridge Street in 1888, opposite
the Beverly Shore.
More factories and more people required more space for buildings,
more roads, and more storage areas. This space was created by
filling in rivers, harbors, and ponds. The once-broad North River
was filled from both shores, and became a canal along Bridge Street
above the North Bridge. The large and beautiful Mill Pond, which
occupied the whole area between the present Jefferson Avenue,
Canal Street, and Loring Avenue, finally vanished beneath streets,
storage areas, junk-yards, rail-yards, and parking lots. The South
River, too, with its epicenter at Central Street (that's why there was a
Custom House built there in 1805) disappeared under the pavement
of Riley Plaza and New Derby Street, and some of its old wharves
were joined together with much in-fill and turned into coal-yards and
lumber-yards. Only a canal was left, running in from Derby and
Central Wharves to Lafayette Street.
In 1900 (per census, house 279), this house was occupied by Mrs.
Mary A. Wiggins, 65, born in Maine of a Danish father and a Maineborn mother, and (other unit) by Mrs. Anna Upton, 33, a widow, and
boarder Charles H. Collins, 40, a widower, born in Vermont,
working as a carpenter.
By June, 1902, Mrs. Wiggin had died, and the executor of her will
for $1515 sold the homestead at public auction to Joseph B. Brown
of Salem (ED 1770:284). Mr. Brown, an Irishman, soon died. In
February, 1905, some of his heirs sold out to another one, Thomas
C. Brown of Salem (ED 1770:286).
Salem kept growing. The Canadians were followed in the early 20 th
century by large numbers of Polish and Ukrainian families, who
settled primarily in the Derby Street neighborhood. By the eve of
World War One, Salem was a bustling, polyglot city that supported
large department stores and large factories of every description.
People from the surrounding towns, and Marblehead in particular,
came to Salem to do their shopping; and its handsome government
buildings, as befit the county seat, were busy with conveyances of
18
�land, lawsuits, and probate proceedings. The city's politics were
lively, and its economy was strong.
In 1910 (per census, house 22) this house was occupied as a twofamily by (one unit) the owner, Thomas Brown, 42, born in Ireland,
working as a truant officer, with wife Maria A., 40, born in Scotland,
and children Thomas J., 17, an errand boy, Helen F., 15, Arthur V.,
14, and Leo H., 13; and by (other unit) the widow Margaret P. Riley,
47, a nurse, ofirish parentage, and children Josephine, 21, a
stenographer, J olm M., 20, driver of a market wagon, and Mabel F .,
20, bakery saleslady.
On June 25, 1914, in the morning, in Blubber Hollow (Boston Street
opposite Federal) a blaze started in one of Salem's fire-prone
wooden tanneries. This fire soon consumed the building and raced
out of control, for the west wind was high and the season had been
dry. The next building caught fire, and the next, and out of Blubber
Hollow the fire roared easterly, a monstrous front of flame and
smoke, wiping out the houses of Boston Street, Essex Street, and
upper Broad Street, and then sweeping through Hathorne, Winthrop,
Endicott, and other residential streets. Men and machines could not
stop it: the enormous fire crossed over into South Salem and
destroyed the neighborhoods west of Lafayette Street, then devoured
the mansions of Lafayette Street itself, and raged onward into the
tenements of the factory district. Despite the combined efforts of
heroic fire crews from many towns and cities, the fire overwhelmed
everything in its path: it smashed into the large buildings of the
Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (Congress Street), which
exploded in an inferno; and it rolled down Lafayette Street and
across the water to Derby Street, threatening this neighborhood.
There, at Herbert Street, after a 13-hour rampage, the monster died,
having consumed 250 acres, 1600 houses, and 41 factories, and
leaving three dead and thousands homeless. Some people had
insurance, some did not; all received much support and generous
donations from all over the country and the world. It was one of the
greatest urban disasters in the history of the United States, and the
people of Salem would take years to recover from it. Eventually,
they did, and many of the former houses and businesses were rebuilt;
and several urban-renewal projects (including Hawthorne Boulevard,
which involved removing old houses and widening old streets) were
put into effect.
19
�In August, 1915, Thomas C. Brown (wife Marie A.) sold the
homestead to Josefa Uszynski, wife ofWladjslaw Uszynski of
Salem; and in February, 1916, they conveyed the same to Mary, wife
of Bazil Thomasz of Salem; and in October, 1917, they sold to
Wojciech Kotulak of Salem (ED 2307:27, 2323:101, 2378:352).
By the 1920s, Salem was once again a thriving city; and its
tercentenary in I 926 was a time of great celebration. The Depression
hit in 1929, and continued through the 1930s. Salem, the county seat
and regional retail center, gradually rebounded, and prospered after
World War II through the 1950s and into the 1960s. Sylvania, Parker
Brothers, tanneries, Pequot Mills (fonnerly Naumkeag Steam Cotton
Co.), Almy's department store, various other large-scale retailers,
and Beverly's United Shoe Machine Company were all major local
employers. Then the arrival of suburban shopping malls and the
relocation of manufacturing businesses took their toll, as they have
with many other cities. More than most, Salem has navigated its way
forward into the present with success, trading on its share of
notoriety arising from the witch trials, but also from its history as a
great seaport and as the home of Bowditch, McIntire, Bentley, Story,
and Hawthorne. Most of all, it remains a city where the homes of the
old-time merchants, mariners, and mill-operatives are all honored as
a large part of what makes Salem different from any other place.
The homestead remained in the ownership of the Kotulak family
until 1970.
--Robert Booth, October 30, 2008.
20
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BOSTON
SURVEY,
00-02474
INC.
P.O. Box 220 Charlestown, MA 02129
(617)242-1313 MAIN
(617)242-1616 FAX
APPLICANT:
LOCATION:
CITY, STATE:
WILDEY
5 DANIELS STREET
SALEM,MA
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We, DOROTirlM.'SlARZ and STANLEY DZIELNilt• both of Peabody,
A.
~ADMINISTRATOPao!
the ESTATE ol-~
Maesacbusetts
KATHLEEN POKORSKI
B.
late
of Salem., Essex County, Massachusetts
by power conrerred by License
to Sell
May
22. 2000
and DOROTHY
for
paid, grant to
of the Essex
County
Probate
Court,
dated
Docket No. 99P-2159-ADl
and every ot.her power,
BABIARZ
and STANLEY DZIELNIK, individually
A.
$166,000.00-------CECELIA WU and ROBERTWILDEY , husband
the entirety,
both of 5 Daniels
Dollars
and wife,
Street,
as tenants
by
Salem, MA
05/26/00
3131 Inst, 629
BK16365PG2
The land with the buildings
thereon, #5 Daniels Stree~ in Salem, Essex
County, Massachusetts,
bounded and described
as follows:
WESTERLY Daniels
by
NORTHERLY by land
land
BASTEIU.,Y by
SOUTHERLY by
land
Street;
now or late
now or late
no•
or
of Russell,
of Jackson,
late
of
Smalley,
85 feet,
six
40 feet,
six
about
inches;
inches;
80 feet.
For our title,
see Essex Probate Court Pocket No. 99P-2159-AD1.
See also deed of Isabelle
Kotek dated October 26, 1999, recorded
Essex Registry of Deeds, Book 16030, Page 594.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Daniels Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
5 Daniels Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House History
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Capt. Edward Stanley, shipmaster, and wife Esther Waters Stanley, c. 1805
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1805, 2008
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
2008
5
Booth
Daniels
Edward
Esther
Federal
Robert
Stanley
Waters
wood
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/0ffb21332b9d04ff2343b39ba361114b.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=a-cD8AITvphVA4tJgF3jqenLmCBaKwphNl74QSKu-6%7Exojs%7E0ORqwtaEf-Y85BIffkAaYteEmj-2egeD0sPnou8jEkI7imuLUlKlKo-aAF4lVRwRwFRtar296jbZh-IBhayzO09ogUBBr0Zmo0BitczSHYJXzq9h9U3W-ES3%7EsUPmIorkyxCz6PTuTOzwwc8b0j2HBkgsTBHLl-qez8%7ENpbkQHPUczcsWzRfhMgwVDFOaU2CqFhJzwjrlVYAanf57QAHscAK9pgD989QCnAIQ4Ung9nuEUGKZPKRB48npzfAfNrSfZuyZj%7EkO5xOV9WP90ZRW8g8kDjhvZ1Ucfy4HA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c910ce742eb6b2191e9e1857eb6618f4
PDF Text
Text
Land and House at 153 Federal Street, Salem, Mass.
This house was built for Aaron Hayward, master mason, in 1842.
In 1740 Hannah Orange, a widow of Boston, for,450 li sold
3 3/4 acres of land to Thomas Blaney, Salem shoreman (a man
involved in unloading, preparing, and selling the fish brought
back to Salem from the fishing grounds); this land ran down
along what is now Flint Street to what was then the broad
North River, of which Bridge Street was the southern bank
(80:101). In the 1760s Federal Street was laid out through
this land, and Mr Blaney 1 s widow, Alice Blaney, proceeded to
sell off the land for house-lots. On 18 Sept ·1773 she sold
to Benjamin Nourse, Salem sadler, for 35 li, a house-lot fronting about 36 1 on Federal Street and running ba~k about 200 1 ,
as well as a shallow triangular piece (gore) or land fronting
127' on Federal Street to the east {133:22).
Benjamin Nourse (a direct descendant of Rebecoa Nurse, the
witch trial victL~) built a house on this lot soon after
purchasing it in 1773; on 20 Nov 1789 he bought from Ebenezer
Beckford, a merchant, a parcel of land adjoining to the west,
fronting one pole (16.5 1 ) on Federal Street and running about
200 1 deep; on this strip stood a wood-house and the southerly
end of a dwelling house (148:251}. Mr Nourse immediately
mortgaged his dwelling house, his newly-enlarged house-lot,
and the gore to Mr Beckford, who discharged this mortgage on
15 April 1790 (148:252).
Mr Nourse, "a sexton," died nof old age 11 on_17 Jan 1798 in
his 78th year, having earlier changed his occupation from
sadler to chair-bottom maker; by his will of 24 Nov 1797 he
devised to his (second) wife Abigail a life estate in half
of his hcuse and land, and to his son Samuel the other half
of the homestead, along w:l.th the right to Abigail's half after
her death; to his son Benjamin he left just $50; according to
the inventory, the dwelling house and land were worth $800
(#19685).
On 7 Jan 1799 Samuel Ncurse, a cordwainer (shoemaker1 mortgaged
his half snd his right to his mother's half to Sarah Hathorne,
shopkeeper; she discharged this mortgage 30 April 1801 {164:205).
Again, on 28 April 1801, Mr Nourse mortgaged the same premises
for $500 to John Osgood, merchant, who was acting, evidently,
on behalf of his ward Joseph Jackson hroodbridge ( 169 :243).
11r Nourse paid off this mortgage on 20 Aug 1804 for $604 to
Messrs 0Rgood & Woodbridge (175:33).
It was probably at this time that Mr Nourse began the decline
that ended in death two years later; certainly his actions
were those of a man dete!'lllined to put his house in order. On
�20 Aug 1804 Mr Nourse for $500 granted to his step-mother
Abigail (who was also his mother-in-law) a life estate in
his undivided half of the homestead (175:33). On that same
day Mr Nourse, for $500,sold to William Coombs, baker,
~"'rederick Coombs, mariner, and Elizabeth Coombs, spinster
(his wife 1 s siblings )3:~his :r-ight to his step-mo':;her 1 s right
to the homestead and gore (175:33}; also at this time Mr
Nourse granted his right to his mother's remaining undivided
1/4 right in the homestead & gore to Joseph Mansfield, cordwainer, who immediately reconveyed this 1/4 right to Mr Nourse's
wife, Abigail (Coombs}, (these last two deeds were lost or
destroyed, and were renegotiated on 22 & 23 Oct 1806, 193:69).
Having conveyed all of his property to his ste~-mother and
to his wife and her siblings, Samuel Nourse died late in
November, 1806.
Mr Nourse 1 s step-mother, Mrs Abigail Nourse, died 1 Mar 1814,
aged 70 years. After her decease, the whole homestead & gore
came into the outright possession of William and Frederick
Coombs, and Mrs Elizabeth (Coombs) Symonds and widow Abigail
(Coombs) Nourse. On 20 Oct 18t4 and 22 July 1816, these four
people, for a grand total of $ 1100, granted their rights
to the property to Capt Holten Johnson Breed, master mariner
(203:301, 209:277-8).
Capt Breed lived here for several years; on 19 May 1829 he
sold the estate for $760 to Benjamin Allen, Salem tann9r
{252:81 ); from the sale price, one surmises that the property
had been allowed to run down. Mr Allen died 31 Mar 1839,
aged 36 years; the estate then descended to his father, John
Allen, Salem gentleman. On 6 Jan 1842 John Allen for $1000
granted to his neighbor to the west, Aaron Hayward, Salem
mason, the 11 lot of .land on Federal Street with all the buildings
thereon" as well as his right to the gore (328:259).
Evidently, Mr Hayward proceeded to raze or remove (or drastically
remode~ the old Nourse house, and to build this house in its
place. The 1842 Salem real estate assessments show that Mr
Hayward sold to Leonard B Harrington his half-house (now 155
Federal Street, worth then $1600), that he owned two houses
worth a total of $2800, and that he owned another house worth
$1400 unfinished and $2500 finished. This last house was
unfinished at the time of assessment (probably summer 1842),
but it was probably finished by the end of the year. The 1843
assessment show that }fr· Hayward lived at 75 Federal Street
(now 153 Federal St; the street numbers were changed 21 Mar
1853}, which was assessed at $2500; he still owned the other
two houses worth $2800.
On 26 Ap 1855 Mr Hayward for $4500 sold his homestead to
Leonard B Harrington, Salem leather-dealer (511:264). Mr
Hayward, a master mason, died on 25 Nov 1879, aged about
85 years. He left his wife Eliza (Glazier), daughters
�Eliza Ann (wife of Edward D Loring, who was the son of Joshua
Loring, coach-ms..ker, who built 55-57 Federal Street), Mary
Ellen Hayward, and son Charles Henry Hayward, all of Salem
(#42020).
Leonard Bond Harrington, leather manufacturer (1803-89), lived
here for more than 30 years. He died 6 Mar 1889. having outlived
his wife, Marg~ret G (Hearsay); a wealthy man, he left most
of his holdings to his daughter Mrs Mary E Goodhue, to his
grand-daughter, Mabel C Har~ington (daughter of his deceased
son Leonard), and to his son Henry Harrington (to whom he
left his Federal Street homestead), (#67478).
Henry Harrington (1832-98), like his father a leather-merchant,
died on 20 June 1898; the homestead, valued at $7500, was
devised to his wife Lydia Frye (Nichols) Harrin,~ton (82831 )'.
Mrs Harrington owned the premises up to the time of her death
on 30 Nov 1919; she willed 153 Federal Street to Eunice Alice,
wife of her brother Benjamin C Nichols (134881 ).
Mrs Nichola died on 27 May 1831; by her will of 29 Sept 1924
she left the estate to her daughter Marion Winchester Nichols,
the. present owner (#171078). ·
Robert Booth
6 March 1977
Notes: A parenthetical number such as (#123) refers to
Southern Essex County Probate Docket #123, on file at the
Registry of Probate. A number such as (123:456) refers to
deed bcok and page at the So. Essex County Registry of Deeds.
�Federal Sfree:IIp.
2p. 51.
B.
7p.
71'· Jf.J.
17.Q.
A.
11.1.
A.
Ebenezer Hufc.htnson
John
Bufll'nlvn
tip.
201.
12.'l'ip.
Ez r-a_
John son
IZ.p.
q.J.
Henderson
B,
Ip.
Fahens
A.
3p• .5 J.
Ebeneze.,.
Pu.tnam
A 18 Sept 1173
8, 20 NtN 17'09
JonatluUJ
Dean
/JI.ice IJttuW{
for 3~ /;' to f3e'l1jatnin
Ebenezer &cJ:fbr-d fer 40 Ii
IJour:,e Q33:22)
to &ya. Nourse
Q'-fg:zsi)
I Ctn :: I p. (pole)
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Federal Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
153 Federal Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Aaron Hayward, master mason
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1842, 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
01970
153
1842
Aaron
Booth
Federal
Hayward
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/4410ffeb6d12be029c5ca5847a4bb54a.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Ix%7Eo7u3-N3ZIokiUxJfusRk9DV7zGybmf9DLB1ZLNCjSf0SWyfUNDGVzigtLTJCutE-8rr23wdyZvfW5rUj15O5I4TJdoqjOsxDHeSUBcZNaA569SmLvgDp9N%7E0tbC2D8Rr0BR6o1BVxm2-m5Jr59sHOjBoO2PA8Lo35uCk1rDVsBtT73IvwFOZi-zLL5utEQR79b0EPJXC246w-muF1dR9fcNiumOoIDl5zG0Ud9p47ZxirUUMktN1Mgspe%7EeyKxnt4ZCgppot14yd3MUeXwG3%7EuMNH2BWzjTM49Qx7qBJaF7xBv9GQ50vJ%7EKTZR59StEt71mVhRMsjsOiimr8wXQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
13269b47360adf81b6643ffec757803f
PDF Text
Text
House and Land at
55-57
Federal Street,
Salem, Mass.
This double house was built for Joshua Loring, Salem coachmaker, in.the year 1836.
The lot on which the house stands was first sold on 26 Oct 1815
by Isaac Cushing, Salem bookbinder, for $1000 to Joshua Loring,
Salem chaise-maker, "with all the buildings thereon ••• 11 (207:181 ).
Mr Cushing had, the day before (25 Oct 1815) purchased from the
estate of Hen,ry Rust, deceased Salem merchant, "a dwelling
house and all other buildings 11 together with a lot running
155' from Marlborough (now Federal) to Lynde Street, fronting
59 1 on each street (207:180). Mr Cushing had simply divided
this lot, and sold the Marlborough half to Mr Loring.
Henry Rust had purchased the street-to-street lot and house
on 7 Jan 1812 from Joseph Andrews of Salem for $2510 (195:192);
Mr Andrews had bought the premises at public auction I'.or
$2510 on 10 Dec 1811 (195:139); up to that time it had belonged
to Nathaniel Frothingham Esq, Salem coach-maker, who defaulted
on a debt and so lost the property. Mr Frothingham had
assembled the lot by two purchases from the Cook .family: one
in 1806 (179:168), when he bought an empty lot fronting 20'
on each street, and one in 1810 (192:130), when he bought
a dwelling house and land bounding 401 on each street.
It seems that Mr Cushing sold to Mr Loring the half of the lot
with Nathaniel Frothingham 1 s coach-mslring buildings on it, while
he (l'1r Cushing) retained the Lynde Street half with the house
thereon (probably t·he present yellow house on Lynde Street,
recently fixed over, in the rear of 35-37 Federal Street).
Mr Loring probably maintained his shop here up to 1829.
From 1815-29, he was annually assessed ;for.a:liduse & shop
valued at $500. The location of this house is not known to
me. In 1830 his assessment leaped to $1400, reflecting the
presence of a new hous~ that he had built on the Marlborough
(Federal) Street lot. Here he and his .family lived for the
next five years.
Joshua Loring was born in Hingham on 26 Mar 1782, the son of
Joshua Loring of that place. Joshua Jr was in the seventh
generation from his English immigrant ancestor, rhomas Loring.
He married Sarah vfoodbury Bray of Gloucester, the daughter of
Edward and Edith (Doane) Bray, about 1806. They had at least
eight children, onlY three of whom survived them. Most of
these children were still at home when Mr Loring built his
new house in 1830.
1
�Then, on 4 Sept 1835, Joshua Loring's house burnt to the ground!
(Details may be found in Essex Institute Historical Collections
vol. 39, P• 18; also the Salem Directory, 1904, chronology of
Salem events, under the year 1835). After this disaster, a
new house was begun on the site--this new dwelling being a
double house, the one that is presently standing. 'I'he new
house was built double to house Mr Loring's own family as well
as that of his daughter, Mrs Sarah Hunt.
By the time of the 1836 assessment, the #23 Marlborough Street
half was evidently finished, for the tax records show that
John D Hunt, Hr Loring 1 s son-in-law, was living there; at the
same time, Mr Loring was assessed 0!1lly $500 for "one-half an
unfinished house, No. 21 Marlboro." The double house was
probably finished before the year came to a close. Further
evidence for this conclusion is provided by the 1837 Salem
Directory (which was based on locations as of 1836); it lists
Joshua Loring as a coach-maker with a place of business at
2 Marlboro' St and a house at 21 Marlboro'; John D Hunt is
listed as a chaise-maker with a place of business at 14 Court
Street (now ,upper ;Federal -st.) and a house at 23 Marlboro 1 St.
In the year 1837, Mr Loring and Mr Hunt were taxed for their
respective halves of the double house, each valued at $1400.
In that same year, on 2 Mar 1837, Mr Loring for $2600 sold to
Mr Hunt 11 all the westerly half part of' the dwelling house and
the land on the southerly side of Marlboro' Street •.• being
No. 23 on said street ••• 11 (297:163). Mr Hunt immediately
mortgaged the property to Isaac Cushing ($1100), (297:164),
?-nd to his mother, Mary Hunt, for $1500 (297:164).
Joshua Loring, the original owner of the house, sold his half
for $1900 to Thomas Robbins, Salem chaise-maker, on 14 May 18L~2
(331 :160); the Robbins family lived there for quite a while.
On 28 July 1845 John D Hunt and his mother, widow Mary Hunt
(by right of her interest as mortgagee) sold #23 Marlboro
Street to George Wheatland of Salem (357:123). Mr Wheatland
owned the premises for five years, selling for $2000 to
William Hunt, Salem merchant, "the messuage on Marlborough
Street occupied by John D Hunt" on 18 June 1850 (430:232).
I am not sure what relation ~villiam Hunt bore to John D Hunt;
possibly he was his brother or father.
Meanwhile, in the other half of the house, Mr Robbins died
and his son Thomas A Robbins inherited the place; on 25 Oct
1867 he sold it for $950 to George W Pease of Salem (733:65).
Mr Pease liked his half so well that on 2 July 1869 he bought
the other half for $3500 from William Hunt ( 777~1'67). Mr Pease
thus secured title to the entire double house and land.
�Mr Pease immediately conveyed the house
& land for $3500 to
John S Williams of Salem (890:201 ); this transaction seems
to have been a mortgage, for on 9 Oct 1873, Mr Williams reconveyed the premises to Mr Pease (890:201 ).
Although it certainly appears that Mr Pease had bought up
all rights to 55-57 Federal Street, on 9 Oct 1880 we find
him buying the western half-house (#57), formerly that of
John D Hunt, from a group composed, apparently, of the
living heirs of Joshua Loring (Edward D Loring of Salem,
and John D, John L, Carrie L, & Sarah M Hunt, all of San
Francicco); Mr Pease paid them $2800 for the property, but
I do not understand on what right they based their claim
to the premises (1309:161 ).
·
After the death of Mr Pease, three of his four children
(Mrs Margaret H Fielder, Mrs Helen L Pousland, Mrs Caroline
L Brown) on 6 May 1891 released their rights to their father's
double house to the fourth Pease heir, Mrs Sarah F Pratt of
Salem (1308:485). Mrs Pratt owned the property for many
years; after her death the adminstrator of her estate
(the Naumkeag Trust Co.) on 8 Feb 1930 sold the double
house for $8000 to Mrs Teresa N Johnston of Salem (2836:224).
Mrs Johnston soon (26 June 1930) sold the place to Florence
Boardman Porter of Beverly (2849:224).
Florence B Porter owned the premises about twelve years,
selling on 26 May 1942 to Katharine M Lawless of Waltham
(3295:56). After the death of Katherine M Lawless, on
· 31 Oct 1962 the executor of her will, Philip J Durkin
of Salem, sold the property for $20,000 to Alice B Rogers
of Salem, who continues to own 55-57 Federal Street (%006:285).
Robert Booth
26 Jan 1977
�LORING Family of
55-57
Federal Street
Joshua Loring (1782-1866), Salem coach and chaise maker,
was born in Hingham, Mass., on 26 Mar 1782, son of Joshua
Loring of that place. He married Sarah Woodbury Bray of
Gloucester about 1806; she was the daughter of Edward and
Edith (Doane) Bray; born in 1783, she died 5 Nov 1866, just
after the decease of her husband 21 June 1866. This longlived couple was survived by only two of their children.
Known offspring:
1) Henry Stevens, b 1807, bp 7 Nov 1824, d. at Wenham
29 Dec 1851.
2) S~rB.h. Curtis, b abt 1810, bp 7 Nov 1824, m 8 May 1834
John D Hunt, Salem coach-maker.
3) Joshua, b 22 May 1815, d young
4 )) Lydia Ann, b 1815, bp 7 Nov 1824, d 5 Sept 1880.
5 Mary Toppan, b 1816, d young
6) George Bailey, b 1 81 7, bp ·7,;-Nov 1824; d at sea.
7) Edward Doane, b 9 Feb 1819, m 3 Jan 1850, Salem,
Eliza A Hayward; they had at least
one child, George E, b 1 Aug 1858;
Mr Loring died 21 Ap 1890.
8) Caroline, b 1 Mar 1822, d young (?).
Some of the above information comes from the Loring
Genealogy by Charles H Pope, assisted by K.P. Loring;
Cambridge, Murray & Emery, 1917.
Note: Joshua Loring was a charter member of the Salem
Chari table Mechanics Association, 1817.
HUNT Family of 57 Federal Street
John D Hunt, Salem coach-maker, married Sarah Curtis Lo~ing
(b. abt 1810)~ daughter of Joshua and Sarah W (Bray) Loring
of Salem, on tl May 1834. Known offspring:
1) John Lewis, bp 12 July 1835, m. Martha B. _ __
2) Sarah Mosley, bp 7 Ap 1839
3) Carrie L, bp 21 Aug 1842
4) William, b May 1844, d young (?).
In 1880, Mr Hunt (his wife Sarah was evidently deceased)
and his three children were living in San Francisco, Cal.
�Z97:/63
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Federal Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
55 - 57 Federal Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Joshua Loring, coach-maker
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1836, 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
55
55-57
57
Booth
Federal
Joshua
Loring
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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28aa1222c1ade9ed4e7321702b1e7681
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Fort Avenue
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
155 Fort Avenue, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for William G. Cochrane, manufacturer in 1909
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1909, 2000
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
155
1909
2000
Booth
Cochrane
Forrester
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
William
-
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e33094452b77a755294ced4df2ce6b2c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lafayette Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
194 Lafayette Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Alfred T. LeBoeuf in 1914
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914, 2001
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1914
194
2001
Alfred
Booth
LaBoeuf
Lafayette
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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b67d42c9b9860179139420f9d53a98c1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kosciusko Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
16 Kosciusko Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
James Curran, laborer, by 1861
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1861, 1976
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
16
1861
1976
Booth
Curran
James
Kosciusko
Laborer
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kosciusko Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
8 Kosciusko Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
James Flynn, laborer, 1857
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1857, 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1857
1977
8
Booth
Flynn
James
Kosciusko
Laborer
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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ba0c05af499c69e8fa0d27db3fb8b8a5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Juniper Avenue
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
15 Juniper Avenue, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
George and Lucy Frost, 1882
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1882, 1976
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
15
1882
1976
Avenue
Booth
Frost
George
Juniper
Lucy
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jefferson Avenue
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
268 Jefferson Avenue, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for William Fregeau, tanner, in 1886
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1886, 2008
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1886
2008
268
Avenue
Booth
Fregeau
Gagnon
Jefferson
Massachusetts
Octavie
Robert
Salem
Tanner
William
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Howard Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
12 Howard Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Henry W. Thurston
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1850, 2001
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
12
1850
2001
Booth
Cabinet-maker
Henry
Howard
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
Thurston
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Highland Avenue
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
90 Highland Avenue, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for John M. Anderson, manufacturer c. 1870 on the site of a house built for him in 1856
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1856, 1870, 2003
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1856
1870
2003
90
Anderson
Avenue
Booth
Highland
John
Manufacturer
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
-
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23f931ef3fcb7118c0afdefad4bd6a54
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Herbert Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
6 Herbert Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
James Dalrymple, teamster, 1854
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1854, 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1854
1977
6
Booth
Dalrymple
Herbert
James
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
teamster
-
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aa7dcfc5a85bb789040a8b0d23edb326
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hathorne Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
15 Hathorne Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Alva Kendall, stair builder 1840
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1840, 2000
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
15
1840
2000
Alva
Booth
Hathorne
Kendall
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Stair Builder
Street
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hardy Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
26 Hardy Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built 1851 for Edward Bennett, shipwright
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1851, 2006
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1851
2006
26
Bennett
Booth
Edward
Hardy
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Shipwright
Street
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2b6cb8aabd1d81b7b45dc7b698d04bae
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hardy Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
14 Hardy Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Joel Goldthwait, Baker 1807
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1807, 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
14
1807
1977
Baker
Booth
Goldthwait
Hardy
Joel
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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c08b80e953569bd7810910338275534c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hamilton Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
7 Hamilton Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Henry Perkins Benson, cotton dealer in 1898
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1898, 2002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1898
2002
7
Benson
Booth
Hamilton
Henry
Massachusetts
Perkins
Robert
Salem
Street
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hamilton Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1 Hamilton Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Benjamin Brown, apothecary in 1844
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Built in 1844
House history completed 2010
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1
1844
Benjamin
Booth
Brown
Hamilton
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gifford Court
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
12 Gifford Court, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built as Seamen’s Orphan & Children’s Friend Society, c. 1887
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1887, 2000
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
12
1887
2009
Booth
Children's
Court
Friend
Gifford
Massachusetts
Orphan
Robert
Salem
Seaman's
Society
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gifford Court
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
10 Gifford Court, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built by Solomon Chaplin, housewright in 1806
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1806, 2009
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
10
1806
2009
Booth
Carlton
Chaplin
Court
Gifford
Massachusetts
Michael
Reverend
Robert
Salem
Solomon
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gifford Court
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
6 Gifford Court, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for William H. Haskell, shoemaker & Civil War Veteran in 1879
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1879, 2001
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1879
2001
6
Booth
Court
Gifford
Haskell
Massachusetts
Paulina
Robert
Salem
William
Woodman
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gardner Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1 Gardner Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Arthur L. Averill, Lawyer 1916. On site of house built for James W. Averill, House Painter, 1895 (burned 1914)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916, 2004
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1
1895
1914
1916
2004
Arthur
Averill
Booth
Gardner
James
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Forrester Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
14 Forrester Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1846 by John Lovejoy, housewright
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1846, 2009
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1846
2009
Booth
Forrester
History
House
John
Lovejoy
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Federal Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
94 Federal Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for James Gould, housewright
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1770, 2003
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
94
Booth
Federal
Gould
James
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Federal Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
88 Federal Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Joseph Hilliard, shipmaster and carter
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1771, 2004
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
88
Booth
Federal
Hilliard
Joseph
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Federal Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
180 Federal Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Ezekiel Wellman, tanner
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1797, 1977
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
01970
180
Booth
Ezekiel
Federal
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
Wellman
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Federal Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
170 Federal Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for James Braden, currier and tanner
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1866, 2003
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
01970
170
Booth
Braden
Federal
James
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Turner Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
16 Turner Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Moses Goodhue, housewright, 1830
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1830, 1976
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
16
1830
1973
Booth
Goodhue
Massachusetts
Moses
Salem
Turner
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Turner Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
53-55 Turner Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built as the gum copal factory for Jonathan Whipple, manufacturer, 1840. Converted to a residence c. 1870
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1840, 1870, 2004
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1840
1870
2004
53-55
Booth
Jonathan
Massachusetts
Salem
Turner
Whipple
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/b67feeb8685f00539069a85ba1de6e54.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=nUjBmsIv8Rdm%7E3aPW7Xz5e837PumuQdyWcV61cCkL22ZM1ywXDQvtXOs3AT9BQ-czcXAMgiFn9cgDS9BIUMkQxNJYtueNTpFqlQXtpEdZnHsXzQPOnRuCKaF0YymtAVtR%7ET9KTjoAuCbGDsqoEoonuQiRU2e0devCQBQi7wLTLwx0MTtJgnCPHaTuvcWS-RNKgpa%7EW9S5H9QU0tyAEWQ2Sb7XtMj78e8ftZBMrr%7EpKnuWlnqoTexl1HZMkpj5lLQ5sSSEbiaY48StdgTwkkT8GMv8BA9ebDxcVU1Fcpq1myg-Ml%7EUareR8LxutaInGoE3LbpVzrDFHYVFAWISEjvNg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
230312bf32ea1d49085cb539e2d7ef87
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Winter Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
26 Winter Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built for Joseph Story, lawyer, politician & Judge of the United States Supreme Court 1811
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1811, 2006
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
1811
2006
26
Booth
Joseph
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Story
Street
Winter
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28828/archive/files/5831d2386f8a08a3bc778a299dfb9d09.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=mR6WEXpIPSkvKUj9JnMZmtc%7EKee14swjxic3--k80k1jpxBxcJGtM77HoITbhqzRhorUKUz1hxjyQ2PkGyawomAUwEih2DxNLhtq4Hyp5xiEqaBKPOKRK-LFu2frQtpUcbbR2RCzB1alRL7zxi0iI7tdyF0WbFAt9NrV9WB6Pca-9ewFTmWtxVkhdZA2-8Yzx6vlMBbVCsDlAhyTXCH0R3Emh9BgL0H2fdNVGwwyAjIKD-AO%7EFg7nGM61zVpTEOH6lT87q49msabR7HhFjNqYTMKkJAzGJU5uwoG8ho72FffOTFToKmvghSqt6Z5nieTrIjpjFJd2Z0nCUSZ8mGm3g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
b80c7d08118be0e55a84fbb173021826
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Winthrop Street
Historic Salem, Inc. House History
A resource made available by Historic Salem, Inc. detailing the history of Salem's houses.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
12 Winthrop Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970
Subject
The topic of the resource
House history
Description
An account of the resource
Built in 1850 by Ira Hill, housewright
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Historic Salem, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Historic Salem, Inc. house histories
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Historic Salem, Inc., Salem Historic Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1850, 2005
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Robert Booth
Language
A language of the resource
English
12
1850
2005
Booth
Hill
Ira
Massachusetts
Robert
Salem
Street
Winthrop